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K8S集群之-ETCD集群监控

article 2025/1/14 18:06:03

###   生产ETCD集群监控

核心指标

etcd服务存活状态

up{job=~"kubernetes-etcd.*"}==0

说明：up==0代表服务挂掉

etcd是否有脱离情况

etcd_server_has_leader{job=~"kubernetes-etcd.*"}==0

说明：每个instance，该值应该都为1，否则这个节点可能已经离开集群，最好在发生过半这样的情况前介入
etcd改变次数

increase(etcd_server_leader_changes_seen_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd.*"}[1h]) >3

说明：这个指标metrics类型为counter，即它是单调递增的，可以监控该值的变化率，如果发现变化率高，说明集群的负载过高或者网络连接可能不稳定

leader选举失败

rate(etcd_server_proposals_failed_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd.*"}[15m])!=0

说明：该值的类型也是counter。proposal字面意思是“提案”，客户端的一个写操作可以认为是一个提案，提案需要集群内的Etcd实例来“表决”，如果上述值不为零，说明有proposal没有提交成功，如果经常这样，说明集群leader选举失败或者集群有过半节点离线
http访问5分钟内失败百分比（待定）

sum by(method) (rate(etcd_http_failed_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd.*"}[5m])) / sum by(method) (rate(etcd_http_received_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd.*"}[5m]))> 0.05

etcd集群切主次数

changes(etcd_server_leader_changes_seen_total{job=~".*"}[1d])>1

WAL文件顺序写入的持久化时间

histogram_quantile(0.99, rate(etcd_disk_backend_commit_duration_seconds_bucket{job=~".*"}[5m]))>0.5

说明：Etcd的持久化保证依赖WAL和快照机制，这些全靠硬盘的IO表现。如果硬盘的性能不佳，在高负载情况下，将严重拖慢Etcd的处理速度，因此在生产环境中建议使用SSD来替代传统机械硬盘。可以通过监控
etcd_disk_backend_commit_duration_seconds_bucket的0.99分位数来衡量硬盘的表现情况如果该值仅几个毫秒，说明你的Etcd比较健康

磁盘使用率

(etcd_mvcc_db_total_size_in_bytes{}/etcd_server_quota_backend_bytes{}) * 100>80

prometheus的yaml配置

  - job_name: 'kubernetes-etcd-19'
    scheme: https
    tls_config:
      cert_file: /usr/local/prometheus/ssl/kube-etcd-19.pem
      key_file: /usr/local/prometheus/ssl/kube-etcd-19-key.pem
      insecure_skip_verify: true
    scrape_interval: 120s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['110.152.117.19:2379']
  - job_name: 'kubernetes-etcd-20'
    scheme: https
    tls_config:
      cert_file: /usr/local/prometheus/ssl/kube-etcd-20.pem
      key_file: /usr/local/prometheus/ssl/kube-etcd-20-key.pem
      insecure_skip_verify: true
    scrape_interval: 120s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['110.152.117.20:2379']
  - job_name: 'kubernetes-etcd-21'
    scheme: https
    tls_config:
      cert_file: /usr/local/prometheus/ssl/kube-etcd-21.pem
      key_file: /usr/local/prometheus/ssl/kube-etcd-21-key.pem
      insecure_skip_verify: true
    scrape_interval: 120s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['110.152.117.21:2379']

prometheus的rules配置文件

groups:
- name: 公共事业部ETCD集群监控  #project name取公司名称
  rules:
  - alert: "ETCD服务存活状态活监控"
    expr:  up{job=~"kubernetes-etcd.*"}==0
    for: 30s
    labels:
      severity: "重要"
      team: ops-gt-monitor
      alert_type: "ETCD告警"
      alert_host: "{{ $labels.service }}"
      alert_value: "{{ $value }}"
      alert_subject: "ETCD告警"
    annotations:
      summary: "ETCD集群监控"
      description: "ETCD集群已经离开集群，(资源信息:{{ $labels.instance }})，请尽快处理！"

  - alert: "ETCD是否有脱离监控"
    expr:  etcd_server_has_leader{job=~"kubernetes-etcd.*"}==0
    for: 30s
    labels:
      severity: "重要"
      team: ops-gt-monitor
      alert_type: "ETCD告警"
      alert_host: "{{ $labels.service }}"
      alert_value: "{{ $value }}"
      alert_subject: "ETCD告警"
    annotations:
      summary: "ETCD集群监控"
      description: "ETCD集群宕机或掉线，(资源信息:{{ $labels.instance }})，请尽快处理！"
  - alert: "ETCD改变次数监控"
    expr:  increase(etcd_server_leader_changes_seen_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd.*"}[1h]) >3
    for: 30s
    labels:
      severity: "重要"
      team: ops-gt-monitor
      alert_type: "ETCD告警"
      alert_host: "{{ $labels.service }}"
      alert_value: "{{ $value }}"
      alert_subject: "ETCD告警"
    annotations:
      summary: "ETCD集群监控"
      description: "ETCD集群负载过高或者网络连接不稳定，(资源信息:{{ $labels.instance }})，请尽快处理！"


  - alert: "ETCD选举监控"
    expr:  rate(etcd_server_proposals_failed_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd.*"}[15m])!=0
    for: 30s
    labels:
      severity: "重要"
      team: ops-gt-monitor
      alert_type: "ETCD告警"
      alert_host: "{{ $labels.service }}"
      alert_value: "{{ $value }}"
      alert_subject: "ETCD告警"
    annotations:
      summary: "ETCD集群监控"
      description: "ETCD集群leader选举失败{{ $value }}，(资源信息:{{ $labels.instance }})，请尽快处理！"      

  - alert: "ETCD切主次数监控"
    expr:  changes(etcd_server_leader_changes_seen_total{job=~".*"}[1d])>1
    for: 30s
    labels:
      severity: "重要"
      team: ops-gt-monitor
      alert_type: "ETCD告警"
      alert_host: "{{ $labels.service }}"
      alert_value: "{{ $value }}"
      alert_subject: "ETCD告警"
    annotations:
      summary: "ETCD集群监控"
      description: "ETCD集群切主次数{{ $value }}，(资源信息:{{ $labels.instance }})，请尽快处理！"
      
  - alert: "ETCD集群WAL写入时间"
    expr:  histogram_quantile(0.99, rate(etcd_disk_backend_commit_duration_seconds_bucket{job=~".*"}[5m]))>0.5
    for: 30s
    labels:
      severity: "重要"
      team: ops-gt-monitor
      alert_type: "ETCD告警"
      alert_host: "{{ $labels.service }}"
      alert_value: "{{ $value }}"
      alert_subject: "ETCD告警"
    annotations:
      summary: "ETCD集群监控"
      description: "ETCD集群WAL文件顺序写入的持久化时间{{ $value }}，(资源信息:{{ $labels.instance }})，请尽快处理！"
      
  - alert: "ETCD集群磁盘使用率"
    expr:  (etcd_mvcc_db_total_size_in_bytes{}/etcd_server_quota_backend_bytes{}) * 100>80
    for: 30s
    labels:
      severity: "重要"
      team: ops-gt-monitor
      alert_type: "ETCD告警"
      alert_host: "{{ $labels.service }}"
      alert_value: "{{ $value }}"
      alert_subject: "ETCD告警"
    annotations:
      summary: "ETCD集群监控"
      description: "ETCD集群磁盘使用率{{ $value }}，(资源信息:{{ $labels.instance }})，请尽快处理！"