Linux下socket例子(c/c++)
Linux中的socket
- 服务端逻辑
- 客户端逻辑
- c实现
- c++实现
- 服务端持续接收请求
- 多线程实现
- UDP实现
参考
服务端逻辑
- 创建service_sock
- 创建sockaddr_in结构体变量serv_addr,写明端口和ip
- 将socket和结构体绑定
- 监听socket
- 创建客户端sockaddr_in结构体变量clnt_addr
- 接收客户端请求,创建新的clnt_sock,客户端信息保存在clnt_addr中
- 向客户端发送数据
- 关闭clnt_sock
- 关闭serv_sock
客户端逻辑
- 创建sock
- 创建sockaddr_in结构体变量serv_addr,写明端口和ip
- 将socket和serv_addr作为参数,调用connect方法
- 调用read方法,读取服务端传来的数据
- 关闭sock
c实现
clien.c
#include <stdio.h> //printf,sprintf,perror 相关声明在此文件中
#include <string.h> //memset,strlen
#include <unistd.h> //close
#include <arpa/inet.h> //sockaddr_in,socket,AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,htons,inet_addr,connect,sockaddr,send,recv //相关定义和声明在此文件中
#define MAX_CONN 2
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
#define PORT 9000
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("argc is %d \n", argc);
int i;
for (i = 0; i<argc; i++)
{
printf("arcv[%d] is %s\n", i, argv[i]);
}
struct sockaddr_in server_sai;
int sfd = 0, res = -1, recvbytes = 0, sendbytes = 0;
char buf[BUF_SIZE], buf2[5] = {0}; // 进行变量的定义和初始化
if (argc < 3) // 如果参数小于3个就报错,命令后面会分别加上IP地址和消息内容,所以一共是三个参数
{
printf("error number of argc:%d\n", argc);
return res;
}
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); // 对buf清零
sprintf(buf, "%s", argv[2]); // 将要传输的内容(第二个参数)复制到buf中
if (-1 == (sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0))) // 创建一个IPV4的TCP socket
{
perror("socket");
return res;
}
server_sai.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPV4 协议族
server_sai.sin_port = htons(PORT); // 9000端口
server_sai.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]); // 使用第一个参数作为IP地址
memset(&(server_sai.sin_zero), 0, sizeof(server_sai.sin_zero)); // 将结构体剩余部分填零
if (-1 == connect(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_sai, sizeof(struct sockaddr))) // 使用sfd进行连接
{
perror("connect");
return res;
}
if (-1 == (sendbytes = send(sfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0))) // 将buf中的内容写到远端服务端,buf中的内容是命令行中的第二个参数
{
perror("send");
return res;
}
recvbytes = recv(sfd, buf2, 5, 0); // 从服务端接收数据,写到buf2中
printf("%d -->%s\n", recvbytes, buf2); // 将buf2中的数据显示出来
close(sfd); // 进行清理工作,关闭描述符
res = 0;
return res;
}
server.c
#include <stdio.h> //perror,printf 相关函数在此声明
#include <netinet/in.h> //sockaddr_in,htons,htonl,socket,AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,INADDR_ANY,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,bind,listen,accept,recv,send 相关声明和定义在这个文件中
#include <string.h> //memset 相关函数在此声明
#include <unistd.h> //close 相关函数在此声明
#define MAX_CONN 2
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
#define PORT 9000
int main()
{
struct sockaddr_in server_sai, client_sai;
int sfd = 0, cfd = 0, res = -1, on = 1, recvbytes = 0, sendbytes = 0;
int addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
char buf[BUF_SIZE]; // 各种变量定义与初始化
if (-1 == (sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0))) // 创建一个IPV4的TCP socket
{
perror("socket");
return res;
}
server_sai.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPV4 协议族
server_sai.sin_port = htons(PORT); // 9000端口
server_sai.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); // 0.0.0.0 的通配监听
memset(&(server_sai.sin_zero), 0, sizeof(server_sai.sin_zero)); // 将剩余部分填零
setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)); // closesocket(一般不会立即关闭而经历TIME_WAIT的过程)后想继续重用该socket
if (-1 == bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_sai, sizeof(struct sockaddr))) // 将 sfd 和 socket 地址进行绑定
{
perror("bind");
return res;
}
if (-1 == (listen(sfd, MAX_CONN))) // 在sfd上进行监听,最多允许同时有2个请求在队列中排队,此配置正是DDOS的攻击点,协议天然的缺陷在于,不论这个值设多设少,都不会是一个适合的值
{
perror("listen");
return res;
}
else
printf("Listening...\n");
if (-1 == (cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_sai, (socklen_t *)&addrlen))) // 接受连接,将返回的描述符赋给cfd
{
perror("accept");
return res;
}
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); // 将缓存置零
if (-1 == (recvbytes = recv(cfd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0))) // 从对端接受内容并且存到buf中
{
perror("recv");
return res;
}
printf("Received a message:%s\n", buf); // 将收到的内容输出
if (-1 == (sendbytes = send(cfd, "OK", 2, 0))) // 给客户端回复一个ok
{
perror("send");
return res;
}
close(sfd);
close(cfd); // 进行清理,关闭打开的描述符
res = 0;
return res;
}
c++实现
clien.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
int main(){
//创建套接字
int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
//向服务器(特定的IP和端口)发起请求
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr)); //每个字节都用0填充
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //使用IPv4地址
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //具体的IP地址
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(1234); //端口
connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
//读取服务器传回的数据
char buffer[40];
read(sock, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
printf("Message form server: %s\n", buffer);
//关闭套接字
close(sock);
return 0;
}
server.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <iostream>
int main(){
//创建套接字
int serv_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
//将套接字和IP、端口绑定
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr)); //每个字节都用0填充
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //使用IPv4地址
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //具体的IP地址
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(1234); //端口
bind(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
//进入监听状态,等待用户发起请求
listen(serv_sock, 20);
//接收客户端请求
struct sockaddr_in clnt_addr;
socklen_t clnt_addr_size = sizeof(clnt_addr);
int clnt_sock = accept(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&clnt_addr, &clnt_addr_size);
// 打印收到的客户端地址端口信息
std::cout << "Client address: " << inet_ntoa(clnt_addr.sin_addr) << ", port: " << ntohs(clnt_addr.sin_port) << std::endl;
//向客户端发送数据
char str[] = "http://c.biancheng.net/socket/";
write(clnt_sock, str, sizeof(str));
//关闭套接字
close(clnt_sock);
close(serv_sock);
return 0;
}
服务端持续接收请求
服务端持续接收客户端请求,其实就是加了个while循环
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
//创建套接字
int serv_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
//将套接字和IP、端口绑定
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr)); //每个字节都用0填充
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //使用IPv4地址
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //具体的IP地址
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(1234); //端口
bind(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
//进入监听状态,等待用户发起请求
listen(serv_sock, 20);
while (true) {
//接收客户端请求
struct sockaddr_in clnt_addr;
socklen_t clnt_addr_size = sizeof(clnt_addr);
int clnt_sock =
accept(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&clnt_addr, &clnt_addr_size);
// 打印收到的客户端地址端口信息
std::cout << "Client address: " << inet_ntoa(clnt_addr.sin_addr)
<< ", port: " << ntohs(clnt_addr.sin_port) << std::endl;
//向客户端发送数据
char str[] = "http://c.biancheng.net/socket/";
write(clnt_sock, str, sizeof(str));
//关闭套接字
close(clnt_sock);
}
close(serv_sock);
return 0;
}
多线程实现
client.cpp
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void *recvsocket(void *arg) //接受来自服务端数据的线程
{
int st = *(int *)arg;
char s[1024];
while (1) {
memset(s, 0, sizeof(s));
int rc = recv(st, s, sizeof(s), 0);
if (rc <= 0) //代表socket被关闭(0)或者出错(-1)
{
break;
}
printf("client receive:%s\n", s);
}
return NULL;
}
void *sendsocket(void *arg) //向服务端socket发送数据的线程
{
int st = *(int *)arg;
char s[1024];
while (1) {
memset(s, 0, sizeof(s));
scanf("%s", s);
int sc = send(st, s, strlen(s), 0);
}
}
//执行 ./ClientLinux.out 127.0.0.1 8080
int main(int arg, char *args[]) {
if (arg < 3) {
printf("arg<3\n");
return -1;
}
int port = atoi(args[2]);
//第一步:初始化一个socket实例
int st = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
//第二步:定义一个IP地址结构并设置值
struct sockaddr_in addr;
//内存初始化,将addr变量指向的内存签n个字节用0进行初始化填充
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
//设置采用的协议为TCP/IP协议
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
//设置端口号
addr.sin_port = htons(port);
//设置IP地址
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(args[1]);
//第三步:开始连接服务端
if (connect(st, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
printf("connect fail %s\n", strerror(errno));
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
//第四步:初始化要发送的信息并且通过send函数发送数据
pthread_t thrd1, thrd2; //定义一个线程
pthread_create(&thrd1, NULL, recvsocket, &st);
pthread_create(&thrd2, NULL, sendsocket, &st);
std::cout << "thrd1=" << thrd1 << std::endl;
std::cout << "thrd2=" << thrd2 << std::endl;
pthread_join(thrd1, NULL);
pthread_join(thrd2, NULL);
close(st);
getchar();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
server.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <pthread.h>
void* recvsocket(void* arg)//接受来着客户端数据的线程
{
int st = *(int*)arg;
char s[1024];
while (1)
{
memset(s, 0, sizeof(s));
int rc = recv(st, s, sizeof(s), 0);
if (rc <= 0)//代表socket被关闭(0)或者出错(-1)
{
printf("sercver recv fail:%d\n", rc);
break;
}
printf("server receive:%s\n", s);
}
return NULL;
}
void* sendsocket(void* arg)//向客户端socket发送数据的线程
{
int st = *(int*)arg;
char s[1024];
while (1)
{
memset(s, 0, sizeof(s));
scanf("%s", s);
int sc = send(st, s, strlen(s), 0);
}
}
//执行命令 ./ServerLinux.out 8080
int main(int arg, char* args[])
{
if (arg < 2)
{
return -1;
}
int port = atoi(args[1]);
int st = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
//setsockopt 设置socket的一个属性,让地址可以重用。
int on = 0;
if (setsockopt(st, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
{
printf("setsockopt failed:%s\n", strerror(errno));
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
struct sockaddr_in addr;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(port);
//INADDR_ANY表示这个服务器上的所有Ip地址。一台服务器可以有多个ip地址。将socket绑定到这个机器的所有ip地址上
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
//将ip地址与server程序绑定
if (bind(st, (struct sockaddr*) & addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)
{
printf("bind fail %s\n", strerror(errno));
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
//server开始监听。 20代表同时有多少个连接过来(20并发)
if (listen(st, 20) == -1)
{
printf("listen fail %s\n", strerror(errno));
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
//char s[1024];
int client_st = 0;//客户端socket
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;//客户端IP
pthread_t thrd1, thrd2;//定义一个线程
while (1)
{
memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr));
socklen_t len = sizeof(client_addr);
//accept会阻塞,直到有客户端连接过来。accept返回客户端的描述符
client_st = accept(st, (struct sockaddr*) & client_addr, &len);
if (client_st == -1)
{
printf("accept fail %s\n", strerror(errno));
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
//打印客户端的ip地址
printf("accept ip : %s\n", inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr));
pthread_create(&thrd1, NULL, recvsocket, &client_st);
pthread_create(&thrd2, NULL, sendsocket, &client_st);
}
close(st);
getchar();
}
UDP实现
udpclient.cpp
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 100
int main() {
//创建套接字
int sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
//服务器地址信息
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr)); //每个字节都用0填充
serv_addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(1234);
//不断获取用户输入并发送给服务器,然后接受服务器数据
struct sockaddr_in fromAddr;
socklen_t addrLen = sizeof(fromAddr);
while (1) {
char buffer[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
printf("Input a string: ");
fgets(buffer, BUF_SIZE, stdin);
sendto(sock, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,
sizeof(serv_addr));
int strLen = recvfrom(sock, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&fromAddr, &addrLen);
buffer[strLen] = 0;
printf("Message form server: %s\n", buffer);
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
udpserver.cpp
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 100
int main() {
//创建套接字
int serv_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
//绑定套接字
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr)); //每个字节都用0填充
serv_addr.sin_family = PF_INET; //使用IPv4地址
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); //自动获取IP地址
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(1234); //端口
bind(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
//接收客户端请求
struct sockaddr_in clnt_addr; //客户端地址信息
socklen_t clnt_addr_size = sizeof(clnt_addr);
char buffer[BUF_SIZE]; //缓冲区
while (1) {
int strLen = recvfrom(serv_sock, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&clnt_addr, &clnt_addr_size);
//打印客户端的ip地址
printf("accept ip : %s\n", inet_ntoa(clnt_addr.sin_addr));
char message[] = "I am server !";
sendto(serv_sock, message, strlen(message), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clnt_addr,
clnt_addr_size);
// sendto(serv_sock, buffer, strLen, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clnt_addr,
// clnt_addr_size);
}
close(serv_sock);
return 0;
}
socket通信过程中,读/写和单线程/多线程中都会存在阻塞问题,可以根据输出验证。比如上面注释的一行sendto,反注释掉的话,会交替打印两个send信息。