网络运维与网络安全 学习笔记2023.11.28
网络运维与网络安全 学习笔记 第二十九天
今日目标
OSPF汇总之域间路由、OSPF汇总之外部路由、OSPF链路认证
OSPF安全认证之区域认证、OSPF虚链路
OSPF汇总指域间路由
项目背景
企业内网运行多区域的OSPF网络,在R1 上存在多个不稳定的链路
R1上的不稳定链路,会影响到骨干区域的稳定性
希望通过技术方案,降低区域12的不稳定性对区域0的影响
项目分析
R1的每个接口通过OSPF进入区域0后,是以3类LSA的形式存在
3类LSA,只能由ABR(R2)产生
如果ABR不产生这些路由的LSA,就不会对区域0产生影响
解决方案
在R2上,对区域12中的路由,进行“路由汇总”
路由汇总的本质就是“将很多的路由,变成很少的路由。只发汇总之后的路由,不发明细路由
配置思路
如图配置接口IP地址和OSPF区域
在R1上,将Lookback接口,宣告进入到区域12
在R2上,对区域12中的路由,进行汇总
配置命令
在区域12的ABR(R2)上配置
ospf 1
area 12
abr-summary 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0
//将区域12发向区域0的路由,汇总成路由10.10.0.0/16
配置步骤
①配置OSPF - R1
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 10.10.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack1]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 2
[R1-LoopBack2]ip address 10.10.2.2 24
[R1-LoopBack2]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 3
[R1-LoopBack3]ip address 10.10.3.3 24
[R1-LoopBack3]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 4
[R1-LoopBack4]ip address 10.10.4.4 24
[R1-LoopBack4]quit
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 12
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 10.10.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 10.10.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 10.10.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
②配置OSPF - R2
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.23.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 12
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
③配置OSPF - R3
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.23.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.34.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
④配置OSPF - R4
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.34.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R4]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.45.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
⑤配置OSPF - R5
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.45.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R5]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.56.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R5-ospf-1]area 56
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
⑥配置OSPF - R6
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R6
[R6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.56.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 56
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
⑦配置R2的区域之间的路由汇总
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 12
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]abr-summary 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0
项目总结
在OSPF网络中,3类LSA表示的区域之间的路由
在OSPF网络中,只有ABR可以产生3类LSA
在OSPF网络中,只能在产生这些3类LSA的ABR上作路由汇总
路由汇总,可以减少对方设备资源的占用,提高网络的稳定性
OSPF汇总之外部路由
项目背景
企业内网运行多区域的OSPF网络,在R6上存在多个外部链接
R6上的不稳定链路,会影响到骨干区域的稳定性
希望通过技术方案,降低外部链路的不稳定性对区域0的影响
项目分析
R6的LoopBack接口,通过“重分发”的方式引入
R6引入的外部路由,在OSPF网络中,以External LSA形式存在
只有ASBR可以产生External LSA,影响整个OSPF网络
解决方案
在R6上,对引入的外部路由,进行“路由汇总”
路由汇总的本质就是:将很多的路由,变成很少的路由。只发汇总之后的路由,不发明细路由。
配置思路
如图配置接口IP地址和OSPF区域
在R6上,将LoopBack接口,通过import-route宣告进入OSPF
在R6上,对宣告的外部路由进行汇总
配置命令
在区域56的ASBR(R6)上配置
ospf 1
import-route direct
asbr-summary 10.60.0.0 255.255.255.0
//将产生的外部路由,汇总成路由 10.60.0.0/16
配置步骤
①配置OSPF - R1
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 10.10.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack1]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 2
[R1-LoopBack2]ip address 10.10.2.2 24
[R1-LoopBack2]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 3
[R1-LoopBack3]ip address 10.10.3.3 24
[R1-LoopBack3]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 4
[R1-LoopBack4]ip address 10.10.4.4 24
[R1-LoopBack4]quit
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 12
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 10.10.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 10.10.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 10.10.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
②配置OSPF - R2
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.23.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 12
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
③配置OSPF - R3
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.23.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.34.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
④配置OSPF - R4
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.34.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R4]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.45.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
⑤配置OSPF - R5
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.45.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R5]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.56.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R5-ospf-1]area 56
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
⑥配置OSPF - R6
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R6
[R6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.56.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 56
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
⑦配置R6的外部路由汇总
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]import-route direct
[R6-ospf-1]asbr-summary 10.60.0.0 255.255.0.0
项目总结
在OSPF网络中,5类LSA表示外部路由
在OSPF网络中,只有 ASBR可以产生5类LSA
在OSPF网络中,只能在产生这些5类LSA的ASBR上进行
路由汇总,可以减少对方设备资源的占用,提高网络的稳定性
OSPF安全认证之链路认证
项目背景
企业内外运行多区域的OSPF网络,区域之间通过骨干区域互通
为了保证区域0的安全,需要确保骨干区域的邻居关系都必须是经过认证的
非法接入的路由器不能与骨干区域建立邻居关系
项目分析
为确保非法路由器不能与0区域的设备建立邻居关系,需要对建立邻居的hello报文进行加密处理
Hello报文是通过路由器的接口传输的,所以需要在接口配置认证
解决方案
OSPF链路认证,即对运行OSPF协议的接口发送和接收的OSPF进行加密和认证
OSPF链路认证的类型分为:“明文认证”和“密文认证”
配置思路
如图配置接口IP地址和OSPF多区域网络
在属于区域0 的链路上配置OSPF链路认证
R2-R3、R3-R4配置明文认证,R4和R5之间配置密文认证
配置命令
配置R2-R3之间的明文认证
R2:interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ospf authentication-mode simple cipher HCIE
quit
R3:interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ospf authentication-mode simple cipher HCIE
quit
配置R3-R4之间的明文认证
R3:interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ospf authentication-mode simple cipher HCIP
quit
R4:interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ospf authentication-mode simple cipher HCIP
quit
在R4-R5之间的密文认证
R4:interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ospf authentication-mode md5 10 cipher HCIA
quit
R5:interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ospf authentication-mode md5 10 cipher HCIA
quit
配置步骤
①配置OSPF - R1
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 12
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
②配置OSPF - R2
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.23.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 12
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
③配置OSPF - R3
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.23.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.34.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
④配置OSPF - R4
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.34.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R4]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.45.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
⑤配置OSPF - R5
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.45.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R5]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.56.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R5-ospf-1]area 56
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
⑥配置OSPF - R6
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R6
[R6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.56.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 56
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
⑦配置R2和R3之间的链路认证 - 明文认证,密码为HCIE
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode simple cipher HCIE
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode simple cipher HCIE
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
⑧配置R3和R4之间的链路认证 - 明文认证,密码为HCIP
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode simple cipher HCIP
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode simple cipher HCIP
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
⑨配置R4和R5之间的链路认证 - 密文认证,密码为HCIA
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 10 cipher HCIA
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 10 cipher HCIA
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
项目总结
OSPF链路认证,仅仅对当前端口起作用
一个端口下,只能配置一种类型的认证
同一个区域中的多个链路,可以配置不同类型的认证和密码
明文认证的规则是“链路两端的认证类型和密码都要相同”
密文认证的规则是“链路两端的认证类型、key-id、密码要相同”
OSPF安全认证之区域认证
项目背景
企业内网运行多区域的OSPF网络,区域之间通过骨干区域互通
骨干区域的网络设备非常多,需要确保非法接入到骨干区域的设备,不能与骨干区域建立正常的OSPF邻居关系
项目分析
骨干区域范围庞大,并且网络设备以及互联接口非常多
需要确保该区域的每个设备的每个接口,都启用OSPF认证
更加高效的配置方案是:OSPF 区域 认证
解决方案
OSPF区域认证,即该设备上的所有属于特定区域的接口,都启用认证功能
OSPF区域认证的类型分为“明文认证”和“密文认证”
配置思路
如图配置接口IP地址和OSPF多区域网络
在属于区域0的每个路由器上配置OSPF区域认证
配置命令
配置R2/R3/R4/R5的OSPF区域0认证
ospf 1 (明文认证)
area 0
authentication-mode simple cipher HCIE
quit
ospf 1(密文认证)
area 0
authentication-mode md5 7 cipher HCIE
quit
配置步骤
①配置OSPF - R1
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 12
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
②配置OSPF - R2
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.23.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 12
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
③配置OSPF - R3
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.23.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.34.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
④配置OSPF - R4
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.34.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R4]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.45.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
⑤配置OSPF - R5
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.45.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R5]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.56.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R5-ospf-1]area 56
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
⑥配置OSPF - R6
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R6
[R6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.56.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 56
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
⑦对区域0中的设备进行“密文认证”,设置密码为HCIE
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 7 cipher HCIE
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 7 cipher HCIE
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R4]ospf 1
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 7 cipher HCIE
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 7 cipher HCIE
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
项目总结
OSPF区域认证,对该设备上的属于指定区域的所有接口都起作用
明文认证的规则是“链路两端的认证类型和密码都要相同”
密文认证的规则是“链路两端的认证类型、key-id、密码要相同”
针对同一个区域的链路,同时配置了区域认证和链路认证,优先使用链路认证的密码进行加密和认证
OSPF不连续区域之虚链路
项目背景
企业内网运行多区域的OSPF网络,因网络规划问题,导致区域12没有连接到骨干区域
现因业务需要,需确保R1能和其他区域的设备实现快速互通
项目分析
正常的OSPF网络架构中,所有的非骨干区域,必须与骨干区域直接相连
不同区域之间的数据包进行互通,必须使用区域之间的路由条目
不同区域之间的路由,是通过Sum-net LSA表示的。而这种LSA只有ABR可以产生
故,必须确保区域12存在ABR设备。此时使用方案:虚链路
解决方案
OSPF虚链路,即永远属于骨干区域的一个虚拟的链路。通过虚拟链路建立的邻居,也都属于OSPF骨干区域
OSPF虚链路的建立,必须要穿越“普通的”非骨干区域
配置思路
如图配置接口IP地址和OSPF多区域网络
穿越普通区域34,在R2和R5之间建立OSPF虚链路
配置命令
配置R2的OSPF虚链路
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
area 34
vlink-peer 5.5.5.5 //vlink-peer 后面跟的是对端设备的router-id
配置R5的OSPF虚链路
ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
area 34
vlink-peer 2.2.2.2 //vlink-peer 后面跟的是对端设备的router-id
查看OSPF虚链路的状态
display ospf vlink
查看R1的OSPF路由表,可以学习到其他区域的路由
display ip routing-table protocol ospf
测试R1与R6的连通性
ping 192.168.56.6
配置步骤
①配置OSPF - R1
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 12
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
②配置OSPF - R2
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.23.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 12
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
③配置OSPF - R3
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.23.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.34.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
④配置OSPF - R4
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.34.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R4]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.45.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
⑤配置OSPF - R5
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.45.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R5]interface GigabirEthernet0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.56.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[R5-ospf-1]area 56
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
⑥配置OSPF - R6
undo terminal monitor
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R6
[R6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.56.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 56
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit
⑦穿越区域34,在R2和R5之间建立虚链路
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 34
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.34]vlink-peer 5.5.5.5
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.34]quit
[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]area 34
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.34]vlink-peer 2.2.2.2
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.34]quit
项目总结
OSPF多区域网络设计中,必须确保非骨干区域和骨干区域相连
OSPF虚链路永远属于OSPF骨干区域
OSPF虚链路的建立,必须穿越普通的非骨干区域,无法穿越特殊区域
OSPF虚链路,是在两个ABR设备之间建立的
OSPF虚链路配置中,vlink-peer参数后面跟的是router-id,不是接口的IP地址