8.23-docker基础命令学习
docker
1.docker容器
[root@docker ~]# systemctl start docker [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB # 容器执行完就退出了 [root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name=a0 centos:latest echo "abc" abc # 没有正在运行的进程 [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES # 容器已经创建了，但是是exiting状态 [root@docker ~]# docker ps --all CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ba5a978343c1 centos:latest "echo abc" 34 seconds ago Exited (0) 33 seconds ago a0 21d6b0b5e067 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 19 hours ago Exited (255) 17 minutes ago c1 # 启动a0容器 [root@docker ~]# docker start a0 a0 # a0容器没有启动成功 [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES # 删除容器 [root@docker ~]# docker rm a0 a0 [root@docker ~]# docker ps -all CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 21d6b0b5e067 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 19 hours ago Exited (255) 26 minutes ago c1 [root@docker ~]# docker start c1 c1 [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 21d6b0b5e067 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 19 hours ago Up 4 seconds c1 [root@docker ~]# docker attach c1 [root@21d6b0b5e067 /]# # ctrl+p+q退出容器但不中断进程 [root@21d6b0b5e067 /]# curl localhostread escape sequence # 进程一直在 [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 21d6b0b5e067 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 19 hours ago Up 4 minutes c1 # 容器进程运行的时候删不掉 [root@docker ~]# docker rm c1 Error response from daemon: cannot remove container "/c1": container is running: stop the container before removing or force remove # 帮助指令 docker --help
2.镜像打包
# 查看现有镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB # 将镜像保存为一个tar包 [root@docker ~]# docker save -o centos.tar centos:latest # 打包镜像成功 [root@docker ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg centos.tar
3.删除镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@docker ~]# docker ps --all CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 21d6b0b5e067 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 20 hours ago Exited (0) 8 seconds ago c1 62dd0916fd92 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 20 hours ago Exited (127) 20 hours ago c0 # 如果有这个镜像生成的容器，就无法移除镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker rmi centos:latest Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "centos:latest" (must force) - container 62dd0916fd92 is using its referenced image 5d0da3dc9764
4.删除容器
# 删除容器，要退出容器up状态、 [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 21d6b0b5e067 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 20 hours ago Up 44 minutes c1 [root@docker ~]# docker attach c1 [root@21d6b0b5e067 /]# exit exit # 使用docker ps --all确定没有镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker ps --all CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 21d6b0b5e067 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 20 hours ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago c1 62dd0916fd92 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 20 hours ago Exited (127) 20 hours ago c0 [root@docker ~]# docker rm c1 c1 [root@docker ~]# docker rm c0 c0 [root@docker ~]# docker ps --all CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5.成功删除镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi centos:latest Untagged: centos:latest Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177 Deleted: sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6 Deleted: sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
6.上传镜像
[root@docker ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg centos.tar [root@docker ~]# docker load -i centos.tar 74ddd0ec08fa: Loading layer 238.6MB/238.6MB Loaded image: centos:latest [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB
7.打包配置好阿里云镜像的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps --all
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name c0 centos:latest /bin/bash
[root@db931a8ef3c8 /]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@db931a8ef3c8 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo
CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo
CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo CentOS-Linux-Media.repo
CentOS-Linux-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo
CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo CentOS-Linux-Sources.repo
[root@db931a8ef3c8 yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@db931a8ef3c8 ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@db931a8ef3c8 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- 0:01:06 --:--:-- 0^C
[root@db931a8ef3c8 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2495 100 2495 0 0 411 0 0:00:06 0:00:06 --:--:-- 520
[root@db931a8ef3c8 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@db931a8ef3c8 ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
0 files removed
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 157 kB/s | 4.6 MB 00:29
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 7.4 kB/s | 10 kB 00:01
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com 140 kB/s | 8.4 MB 01:01
Metadata cache created.
[root@db931a8ef3c8 ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@db931a8ef3c8 ~]# # [root@docker ~]#
[root@docker ~]# docker ps --all
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
db931a8ef3c8 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 31 minutes ago Up 30 minutes c0
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
db931a8ef3c8 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 31 minutes ago Up 31 minutes c0
# 从容器导出tar包
[root@docker ~]# docker export -o centos_yum.tar c0
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg centos.tar centos_yum.tar
8.将带有阿里云镜像的容器的tar包导入成镜像
[root@docker ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg centos.tar centos_yum.tar # 导入镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker import -m yum centos_yum.tar centos:yum sha256:d79f0f2ff79e8b04b1eab2167c84d1723721af8139d92961de6bd66024487779 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos yum d79f0f2ff79e 20 seconds ago 260MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB
9.将配置好httpd服务的容器打包成镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker stop c0 c0 [root@docker ~]# docker ps --all CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES db931a8ef3c8 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 45 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 seconds ago c0 [root@docker ~]# docker rm c0 c0 [root@docker ~]# docker ps --all CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name c0 centos:yum /bin/bash [root@9a56387c522c /]# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr [root@9a56387c522c /]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ CentOS-Base.repo epel-playground.repo epel-testing.repo epel-modular.repo epel-testing-modular.repo epel.repo [root@9a56387c522c /]# yum -y install httpd [root@9a56387c522c /]# yum -y install net-tools [root@9a56387c522c /]# yum list installed|grep httpd Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8 centos-logos-httpd.noarch 85.8-2.el8 @base httpd.x86_64 2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1 @AppStream httpd-filesystem.noarch 2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1 @AppStream httpd-tools.x86_64 2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1 @AppStream [root@9a56387c522c /]# echo "docker_httpd_server" > /var/www/html/index.html [root@9a56387c522c /]# httpd -k start AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message [root@9a56387c522c /]# curl localhost docker_httpd_server [root@9a56387c522c /]# [root@docker ~]# [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9a56387c522c centos:yum "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes c0 [root@docker ~]# docker export -o yum_httpd.tar c0 [root@docker ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg centos.tar centos_yum.tar yum_httpd.tar [root@docker ~]# docker import -m httpd yum_httpd.tar centos:httpd sha256:92dfb2054854eb00daf758c5c571dd89b458564afdf4039cc441f95d3aca64b9 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos httpd 92dfb2054854 11 seconds ago 310MB centos yum d79f0f2ff79e 15 minutes ago 260MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB
10.使用配置好httpd环境的容器（打包成镜像）创建一个容器
创建的容器里也有httpd服务
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name c2 centos:httpd /bin/bash [root@f71014720c36 /]# httpd -k start AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message [root@f71014720c36 /]# curl localhost docker_httpd_server [root@f71014720c36 /]# ifconfig eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.17.0.3 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255 ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 8 bytes 648 (648.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 12 bytes 1011 (1011.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 12 bytes 1011 (1011.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@f71014720c36 /]# [root@docker ~]# ping 172.17.0.3 PING 172.17.0.3 (172.17.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.208 ms 64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.138 ms ^C --- 172.17.0.3 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.138/0.173/0.208/0.035 ms [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES f71014720c36 centos:httpd "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes c2 9a56387c522c centos:yum "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Up 3 hours c0 [root@docker ~]# docker ps -all CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES f71014720c36 centos:httpd "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes c2 [root@docker ~]# curl 172.17.0.3 docker_httpd_server
11.查看ip地址
（1）进入到容器，使用指令
[root@docker ~]# docker start c2 c2 [root@docker ~]# docker attach c2 [root@f71014720c36 /]# yum -y install net-tools,iprout [root@f71014720c36 /]# ip a s [root@f71014720c36 /]# ifconfigread escape sequence [root@f71014720c36 /]# ifconfig
（2）使用docker指令·inspect
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect c2
（3）在外部调用指令
[root@docker ~]# docker exec c2 ifconfig [root@docker ~]# docker exec c0 ip a
（4）联系测试 使用exec创建一个文件
[root@docker ~]# docker exec c2 touch /opt/test.txt [root@docker ~]# docker exec c2 ls /opt test.txt
12.端口映射
（1）指定端口映射
将容器中的80端口映射到宿主机（docker主机）80端口
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name c1 -p80:80/tcp centos:httpd /bin/bash [root@7d2073518aef /]# curl 172.17.0.2 docker_httpd_server [root@7d2073518aef /]# curl localhost curl: (7) Failed to connect to localhost port 80: Connection refused [root@7d2073518aef /]# httpd -k start AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.4. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message [root@7d2073518aef /]# curl localhost docker_httpd_server
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name c4 -p12345:80 centos:httpd /bin/bash [root@f1383acb6cb2 /]# curl localhost curl: (7) Failed to connect to localhost port 80: Connection refused [root@f1383acb6cb2 /]# httpd -k start AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message [root@f1383acb6cb2 /]# curl localhost docker_httpd_server [root@f1383acb6cb2 /]# [root@docker ~]# [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES f1383acb6cb2 centos:httpd "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:12345->80/tcp, :::12345->80/tcp c4
(2).随机端口映射
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name c5 -p80 centos:httpd /bin/bash [root@40f35d8764f6 /]# httpd -k start AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message [root@40f35d8764f6 /]# curl localhost docker_httpd_server [root@40f35d8764f6 /]# [root@docker ~]# [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 40f35d8764f6 centos:httpd "/bin/bash" 46 seconds ago Up 45 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp c5 f1383acb6cb2 centos:httpd "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:12345->80/tcp, :::12345->80/tcp c4
（3）通过其他的ip地址的端口映射容器的端口
[root@docker ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.2.31 broadcast 192.168.2.31 netmask 255.255.255.255 up [root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name c6 -p192.168.2.31::80 centos:httpd /bin/bash [root@e6177cbb3400 /]# httpd -k start AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.4. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message [root@e6177cbb3400 /]# curl localhost docker_httpd_server [root@e6177cbb3400 /]# [root@docker ~]# [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e6177cbb3400 centos:httpd "/bin/bash" 48 seconds ago Up 47 seconds 192.168.2.31:32769->80/tcp c6 40f35d8764f6 centos:httpd "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp c5 f1383acb6cb2 centos:httpd "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes 0.0.0.0:12345->80/tcp, :::12345->80/tcp c4
13.卷的映射
[root@docker ~]# mkdir /source [root@docker ~]# ls / bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run source sys usr boot etc lib media opt root sbin srv tmp var [root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name c3 -v /source:/data centos:httpd /bin/bash [root@a41482a44fd1 /]# ls bin dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr data etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var # ctrl +p +q 退出容器不中断容器的进程 [root@a41482a44fd1 /]# [root@docker ~]# # 在宿主机器上的共享目录里创建文件 [root@docker ~]# touch /source/wangchuqin # 宿主机中创建的文件会共享到容器的data目录中 [root@docker ~]# docker exec c3 ls /data wangchuqin
14.总结：
1.镜像的迁移
(1).打包
docker save -o centos.tar centos:latest
(2).加载
docker load -i centos.tar docker images
(3).删除镜像
docker rmi centos:latest
2.创建镜像
(1).创建容器
docker run -it --name c0 centos:latest /bin/bash
(2).下载阿里云仓库
epel ctrl p q
(3).容器打包
docker export -o centos_yum.tar c0
(4).引入镜像
docker import -m "update yum repo" centos_yum.tar centos:yum docker image ls
3.ip网络
(1).交互式
docker start c0 docker attach c0 yum -y install iproute ip a
(2).inspect
docker inspect c0
(3).exec
docker exec c0 yum -y install net-tools docker exec c0 ifconfig
4.端口
(1).指定端口映射
docker run -it --name c0 -p70:80 centos:httpd /bin/bash
(2).随机端口映射
docker run -it --name c1 -p80 centos:httpd /bin/bash
(3).指定其他ip的端口映射
ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.2.71.51 broadcast 192.168.71.21 netmask 255.255.255.255 up docker run -it --name c2 -p192.168.71.51::80 centos:httpd /bin/bash
5.持久化
挂载
docker run -it --name c3 -v /adc:/def centos:httpd /bin/bash touch /abc/aaa.txt docker exec c3 ls /def