k8s集群版部署

机器准备

机器配置建议：
测试环境 2C4G50G
生产环境 8C16G100G

安装containerd（三个节点上操作）

先安装yum-utils工具

yum install -y yum-utils  

配置Docker官方的yum仓库，如果做过，可以跳过

yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装containerd

yum install containerd.io -y

启动服务

systemctl enable containerd
systemctl start containerd

生成默认配置

containerd  config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

修改配置

vi  /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "[registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause](http://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause):3.9"   # 修改为阿里云镜像地址
SystemdCgroup = true         #搜索关键字SystemdCgroup, 默认值是false，改为true，这里不改，后面初始化会报错。  

重启containerd服务

systemctl restart containerd

配置containerd镜像加速，参考https://articles.zsxq.com/id_eva0rcb1xc5p.html

vi  /etc/containerd/config.toml  ## 定位到 plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry ，它下面有一行 config_path，给它设置一个路径
config_path = "/etc/containerd/certs.d"

重启containerd服务

systemctl daemon-reload ; systemctl restart containerd

创建/etc/containerd/certs.d目录，并在其他设置要代理的镜像地址相关配置信息

# docker hub镜像加速
mkdir -p /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io
cat > /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml << EOF
server = "[https://docker.io](https://docker.io/)"
[host."[https://docker.m.daocloud.io](https://docker.m.daocloud.io/)"]
capabilities = ["pull", "resolve"]
EOF
# registry.k8s.io镜像加速
mkdir -p /etc/containerd/certs.d/registry.k8s.io
tee /etc/containerd/certs.d/registry.k8s.io/hosts.toml << 'EOF'
server = "[https://registry.k8s.io](https://registry.k8s.io/)"
[host."[https://k8s.m.daocloud.io](https://k8s.m.daocloud.io/)"]
capabilities = ["pull", "resolve", "push"]
EOF
# gcr.io镜像加速
mkdir -p /etc/containerd/certs.d/gcr.io
tee /etc/containerd/certs.d/gcr.io/hosts.toml << 'EOF'
server = "[https://gcr.io](https://gcr.io/)"
[host."[https://gcr.m.daocloud.io](https://gcr.m.daocloud.io/)"]
capabilities = ["pull", "resolve", "push"]
EOF

# quay.io镜像加速
mkdir -p /etc/containerd/certs.d/quay.io
tee /etc/containerd/certs.d/quay.io/hosts.toml << 'EOF'
server = "[https://quay.io](https://quay.io/)"
[host."[https://quay.m.daocloud.io](https://quay.m.daocloud.io/)"]
capabilities = ["pull", "resolve", "push"]
EOF

配置kubernetes仓库，安装1.30版本

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=[https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/rpm](https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/rpm)/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=[https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key](https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key)
EOF

说明：这个k8s的仓库为1.30，如果想要安装其它版本，需要修改配置文件中的版本号，将1.30改为其它，比如1.28

安装kubeadm和kubelet（三个节点都操作）

查看所有版本

yum  --showduplicates list kubeadm

安装1.30.4版本

yum install -y kubelet-1.30.4 kubeadm-1.30.4 kubectl-1.30.4

启动kubelet服务

systemctl start kubelet.service
systemctl enable kubelet.service

设置crictl连接 containerd（三个节点都操作）

crictl config --set runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock

初始化（master上）

kubeadm init --image-repository=[registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers](http://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers) --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.121 --kubernetes-version=v1.30.4  --service-cidr=10.15.0.0/16  --pod-network-cidr=10.18.0.0/16
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  [https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/)
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.56.121:6443 --token 2a6go4.u2fxys0a208s8brv \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:4f5c4fef972b51fa34735675ee87fa52c5c1855f03e60f33009e8919e5e9ef40
说明： 上面这条命令就是如果需要将node节点加入到集群需要执行的命令，这个token有效期为24小时，如果过期，可以使用下面命令获取
kubeadm token create --print-join-command

创建目录（master）

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

获取节点信息：

kubectl get node 
kubectl get pod --all-namespaces

node节点上加入master（两个都执行）

kubeadm join 192.168.56.121:6443 --token 2a6go4.u2fxys0a208s8brv \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:4f5c4fef972b51fa34735675ee87fa52c5c1855f03e60f33009e8919e5e9ef40

安装calico网络（master节点上）

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.25.0/manifests/calico.yaml -O

下载完后还需要修改⾥⾯定义 Pod ⽹络（CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR），与前⾯ kubeadm init 的 --podnetwork-cidr 指定的⼀样

vim calico.yaml
# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
# value: "192.168.0.0/16"
# 修改为：
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
  value: "10.18.0.0/16"

部署

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

查看

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

安装dashboard（master上）

步骤略

在K8s里快速部署一个应用

1）创建deployment

kubectl create deployment testdp --image=nginx:1.26.0   ##deploymnet名字为testdp  镜像为nginx:1.26.0

2）查看deployment

kubectl get deployment

3）查看pod

kubectl get pods

4）查看pod详情

kubectl describe pod testdp-786fdb4647-pbm7b

5）创建service，暴漏pod端口到node节点上

kubectl expose deployment testdp --port=80 --type=NodePort --target-port=80  --name=testsvc

6）查看service

kubectl get svc
testsvc      NodePort    10.15.232.70    <none>        80:31693/TCP

可以看到暴漏端口为一个大于30000的随机端口，浏览器里访问 192.168.56.121:31693