MySQL练手题--获得最近第二次的活动(困难)
一、准备工作
Create table If Not Exists UserActivity (username varchar(30), activity varchar(30), startDate date, endDate date);
Truncate table UserActivity;
insert into UserActivity (username, activity, startDate, endDate) values ('Alice', 'Travel', '2020-02-12', '2020-02-20');
insert into UserActivity (username, activity, startDate, endDate) values ('Alice', 'Dancing', '2020-02-21', '2020-02-23');
insert into UserActivity (username, activity, startDate, endDate) values ('Alice', 'Travel', '2020-02-24', '2020-02-28');
insert into UserActivity (username, activity, startDate, endDate) values ('Bob', 'Travel', '2020-02-11', '2020-02-18');
表:
UserActivity
+---------------+---------+ | Column Name | Type | +---------------+---------+ | username | varchar | | activity | varchar | | startDate | Date | | endDate | Date | +---------------+---------+ 该表可能有重复的行 该表包含每个用户在一段时间内进行的活动的信息 名为 username 的用户在 startDate 到 endDate 日内有一次活动编写解决方案展示每一位用户 最近第二次 的活动
如果用户仅有一次活动,返回该活动
一个用户不能同时进行超过一项活动,以 任意 顺序返回结果
下面是返回结果格式的例子。
示例 1:
输入: UserActivity
表: +------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+ | username | activity | startDate | endDate | +------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+ | Alice | Travel | 2020-02-12 | 2020-02-20 | | Alice | Dancing | 2020-02-21 | 2020-02-23 | | Alice | Travel | 2020-02-24 | 2020-02-28 | | Bob | Travel | 2020-02-11 | 2020-02-18 | +------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+ 输出: +------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+ | username | activity | startDate | endDate | +------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+ | Alice | Dancing | 2020-02-21 | 2020-02-23 | | Bob | Travel | 2020-02-11 | 2020-02-18 | +------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+ 解释: Alice 最近一次的活动是从 2020-02-24 到 2020-02-28 的旅行, 在此之前的 2020-02-21 到 2020-02-23 她进行了舞蹈 Bob 只有一条记录,我们就取这条记录
二、分析
三、实现
with t as (
select
*,
row_number() over (partition by username order by startDate desc ) rn,
count(username)over(partition by username) cn
from useractivity
)
select
username,
activity,
startDate,
endDate
from t
where rn =2 or cn =1 ;
四、总结
开窗函数对时间排序找出每个用户排名第二的活动,如果只有一次活动开窗对用户分组聚合,选择聚合为1的记录;