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微服务seata解析部署使用全流程

article 2024/10/8 0:12:02

官网地址： Seata 是什么？ | Apache Seata

1、Seata术语

用来管理分布式事务，由阿里巴巴出品。

【1、TC (Transaction Coordinator) - 事务协调者】

用来维护事务的，包括主事务和分支事务。

【2、TM (Transaction Manager) - 事务管理器】

管理事务的，决定了事务什么时候开启，什么时候结束，提交还是回滚。

【3、RM (Resource Manager) - 资源管理器】

监视分支事务的状态，和TC做数据交互，把分支事务状态告诉TC。

2、SEATA 的分布式事务解决方案

seata提供了4种方式，分别是AT、TCC、SAGA、XA
       ①AT----该模式是Seata中最常用的模式，使用于大多数业务场景，特别是对性能要求较高时，（通过记录数据的快照，来支持事务的回滚）
           原理：事务执行中Seata会保存数据执行前的快照，提交时，如果发生异常时就会回滚
           优点：实现简单，性能高，适用于读多写少的场景
           缺点：对数据库要求高
       ②TCC---适用于业务逻辑复杂，需要严格控制使用场景
           三个阶段：try（尝试）、confirm（确认）、Cancke（取消）
           原理：try执行预留操作，锁定必要资源、confirm如果操作都成功，确认操作、Cancle如果某操作失败，则取消所有操作
           优点：控制力强，适合需要一致性的复杂业务场景
           缺点：实现复杂
       ③Saga---长事务处理方式
           使用：适用于微服务架构中，将大事务分解成小事务，实现事务的一致性和可靠性，具有继承性，可靠性和强一致性
           优点：性能高，无锁，参与者可异步，高吞吐，实现简单
           缺点：没有锁，会哟脏写，时效性差
       ④AX----使用两个阶段提交，保证事务的一致性和可靠性
           原理：所有参与的资源管理器再提交前准备好，记录事务状态
           优点：一致性、可靠性、标准化
           缺点：会引入额外的性能开销，导致延迟增加、有阻塞风险，影响系统的吞吐量和并发性、易发生单点故障

3、安装seata 【13分钟】

1、基于操作系统环境安装

Releases · apache/incubator-seata · GitHub

2、拉取docker镜像

docker pull seataio/seata-server:1.3.0

3、拷贝配置文件

先启动seata，将seata-server目录下的文件拷贝到虚拟机中

#执行命令1：
docker run -d --name seata -p 8091:8091 seataio/seata-server:1.3.0

虚拟机里，创建/usr/local/docker/seata目录。

然后执行拷贝任务，拷贝seata:/seata-server 里的资源到/usr/local/docker/seata目录下。

#执行命令2：
docker cp seata:/seata-server /usr/local/docker/seata

【file.conf文件】

file.conf 文件，用来告诉seata 数据存放再哪里的。

修改store.mode为db，修改db相关配置，保存该文件在宿主机本地

## transaction log store, only used in seata-server
store {
## store mode: file、db、redis
mode = "db"

## file store property
file {
## store location dir
dir = "sessionStore"
# branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
maxBranchSessionSize = 16384
# globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
maxGlobalSessionSize = 512
# file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
fileWriteBufferCacheSize = 16384
# when recover batch read size
sessionReloadReadSize = 100
# async, sync
flushDiskMode = async
}

## database store property
db {
## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp)/HikariDataSource(hikari) etc.
datasource = "druid"
## mysql/oracle/postgresql/h2/oceanbase etc.
dbType = "mysql"
driverClassName = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"
url = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.43.8:3306/seata"
user = "root"
password = "123456"
minConn = 5
maxConn = 30
globalTable = "global_table"
branchTable = "branch_table"
lockTable = "lock_table"
queryLimit = 100
maxWait = 5000
}

## redis store property
redis {
host = "127.0.0.1"
port = "6379"
password = ""
database = "0"
minConn = 1
maxConn = 10
queryLimit = 100
}

}

【registry.conf】

registry.conf 告诉seata，我们的注册中心和配置中心用的是什么，保存该文件在宿主机本地。

修改类型为nacos，修改nacos相关配置，包括registry和config的两组。在nacos中为seata创建一个属于自己的命名空间，它的配置比较多，避免和其他配置公用。

[Linux启动nacos，配置新的命名空间]

registry {
# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
type = "nacos"

nacos {
application = "seata-server"
serverAddr = "192.168.43.8:8848"
group = "SEATA_GROUP"
namespace = "6bb9bfd3-2af4-4fd8-8f75-c91482ba43f8"
cluster = "default"
username = "nacos"
password = "nacos"
}
eureka {
serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
application = "default"
weight = "1"
}
redis {
serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
db = 0
password = ""
cluster = "default"
timeout = 0
}
zk {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
sessionTimeout = 6000
connectTimeout = 2000
username = ""
password = ""
}
consul {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
etcd3 {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
sofa {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
application = "default"
region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
cluster = "default"
group = "SEATA_GROUP"
addressWaitTime = "3000"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}

config {
# file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
type = "nacos"

nacos {
serverAddr = "192.168.43.8:8848"
group = "SEATA_GROUP"
namespace = "6bb9bfd3-2af4-4fd8-8f75-c91482ba43f8"
username = "nacos"
password = "nacos"
}
consul {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
apollo {
appId = "seata-server"
apolloMeta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
namespace = "application"
}
zk {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
sessionTimeout = 6000
connectTimeout = 2000
username = ""
password = ""
}
etcd3 {
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}

4、创建seata在nacos配置中心的配置文件

官方文件模板所在路径： https://github.com/seata/seata/blob/develop/script/config-center/config.txt

创建一个config.txt文件，将以下内容改成自己的信息，粘贴进去保存。

#For details about configuration items, see https://seata.io/zh-cn/docs/user/configurations.html
#Transport configuration, for client and server
transport.type=TCP
transport.server=NIO
transport.heartbeat=true
transport.enableTmClientBatchSendRequest=false
transport.enableRmClientBatchSendRequest=true
transport.enableTcServerBatchSendResponse=false
transport.rpcRmRequestTimeout=30000
transport.rpcTmRequestTimeout=30000
transport.rpcTcRequestTimeout=30000
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadPrefix=NettyBoss
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadPrefix=NettyServerNIOWorker
transport.threadFactory.serverExecutorThreadPrefix=NettyServerBizHandler
transport.threadFactory.shareBossWorker=false
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadPrefix=NettyClientSelector
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.clientWorkerThreadPrefix=NettyClientWorkerThread
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadSize=default
transport.shutdown.wait=3
transport.serialization=seata
transport.compressor=none

#Transaction routing rules configuration, only for the client
# ---------------------------------------------------
service.vgroupMapping.my_tx_group=default
# ---------------------------------------------------
#If you use a registry, you can ignore it
service.default.grouplist=127.0.0.1:8091
service.enableDegrade=false
service.disableGlobalTransaction=false

#Transaction rule configuration, only for the client
client.rm.asyncCommitBufferLimit=10000
client.rm.lock.retryInterval=10
client.rm.lock.retryTimes=30
client.rm.lock.retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict=true
client.rm.reportRetryCount=5
client.rm.tableMetaCheckEnable=true
client.rm.tableMetaCheckerInterval=60000
client.rm.sqlParserType=druid
client.rm.reportSuccessEnable=false
client.rm.sagaBranchRegisterEnable=false
client.rm.sagaJsonParser=fastjson
client.rm.tccActionInterceptorOrder=-2147482648
client.tm.commitRetryCount=5
client.tm.rollbackRetryCount=5
client.tm.defaultGlobalTransactionTimeout=60000
client.tm.degradeCheck=false
client.tm.degradeCheckAllowTimes=10
client.tm.degradeCheckPeriod=2000
client.tm.interceptorOrder=-2147482648
client.undo.dataValidation=true
client.undo.logSerialization=jackson
client.undo.onlyCareUpdateColumns=true
server.undo.logSaveDays=7
server.undo.logDeletePeriod=86400000
client.undo.logTable=undo_log
client.undo.compress.enable=true
client.undo.compress.type=zip
client.undo.compress.threshold=64k
#For TCC transaction mode
tcc.fence.logTableName=tcc_fence_log
tcc.fence.cleanPeriod=1h

#Log rule configuration, for client and server
log.exceptionRate=100

#Transaction storage configuration, only for the server. The file, db, and redis configuration values are optional.
# ---------------------------------------------------
store.mode=db
store.lock.mode=db
store.session.mode=db
# ---------------------------------------------------
#Used for password encryption
store.publicKey=

#If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `file`, you can remove the configuration block.
store.file.dir=file_store/data
store.file.maxBranchSessionSize=16384
store.file.maxGlobalSessionSize=512
store.file.fileWriteBufferCacheSize=16384
store.file.flushDiskMode=async
store.file.sessionReloadReadSize=100

#These configurations are required if the `store mode` is `db`. If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `db`, you can remove the configuration block.
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
# ---------------------------------------------------
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.43.8:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=123456
# ---------------------------------------------------
store.db.minConn=5
store.db.maxConn=30
store.db.globalTable=global_table
store.db.branchTable=branch_table
store.db.distributedLockTable=distributed_lock
store.db.queryLimit=100
store.db.lockTable=lock_table
store.db.maxWait=5000

#These configurations are required if the `store mode` is `redis`. If `store.mode,store.lock.mode,store.session.mode` are not equal to `redis`, you can remove the configuration block.
store.redis.mode=single
store.redis.single.host=127.0.0.1
store.redis.single.port=6379
store.redis.sentinel.masterName=
store.redis.sentinel.sentinelHosts=
store.redis.maxConn=10
store.redis.minConn=1
store.redis.maxTotal=100
store.redis.database=0
store.redis.password=
store.redis.queryLimit=100

#Transaction rule configuration, only for the server
server.recovery.committingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.asynCommittingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.rollbackingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.timeoutRetryPeriod=1000
server.maxCommitRetryTimeout=-1
server.maxRollbackRetryTimeout=-1
server.rollbackRetryTimeoutUnlockEnable=false
server.distributedLockExpireTime=10000
server.xaerNotaRetryTimeout=60000
server.session.branchAsyncQueueSize=5000
server.session.enableBranchAsyncRemove=false
server.enableParallelRequestHandle=false

#Metrics configuration, only for the server
metrics.enabled=false
metrics.registryType=compact
metrics.exporterList=prometheus
metrics.exporterPrometheusPort=9898

修改的内容

service.vgroupMapping.my_tx_group=default
store.mode=db
store.lock.mode=db
store.session.mode=db
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.43.8:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=123456

5、创建导入config.txt到nacos的脚本

官方文件模板所在路径： https://github.com/seata/seata/blob/develop/script/config-center/nacos/nacos-config.sh

创建 nacos-config.sh 文件，粘贴以下内容，没有内容更改。

#!/bin/sh
# Copyright 1999-2019 Seata.io Group.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at、
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

while getopts ":h:p:g:t:u:w:" opt
do
case $opt in
h)
host=$OPTARG
;;
p)
port=$OPTARG
;;
g)
group=$OPTARG
;;
t)
tenant=$OPTARG
;;
u)
username=$OPTARG
;;
w)
password=$OPTARG
;;
?)
echo " USAGE OPTION: $0 [-h host] [-p port] [-g group] [-t tenant] [-u username] [-w password] "
exit 1
;;
esac
done

if [ -z ${host} ]; then
host=localhost
fi
if [ -z ${port} ]; then
port=8848
fi
if [ -z ${group} ]; then
group="SEATA_GROUP"
fi
if [ -z ${tenant} ]; then
tenant=""
fi
if [ -z ${username} ]; then
username=""
fi
if [ -z ${password} ]; then
password=""
fi

nacosAddr=$host:$port
contentType="content-type:application/json;charset=UTF-8"

echo "set nacosAddr=$nacosAddr"
echo "set group=$group"

urlencode() {
length="${#1}"
i=0
while [ $length -gt $i ]; do
char="${1:$i:1}"
case $char in
[a-zA-Z0-9.~_-]) printf $char ;;
*) printf '%%%02X' "'$char" ;;
esac
i=`expr $i + 1`
done
}

failCount=0
tempLog=$(mktemp -u)
function addConfig() {
dataId=`urlencode $1`
content=`urlencode $2`
curl -X POST -H "${contentType}" "http://$nacosAddr/nacos/v1/cs/configs?dataId=$dataId&group=$group&content=$content&tenant=$tenant&username=$username&password=$password" >"${tempLog}" 2>/dev/null
if [ -z $(cat "${tempLog}") ]; then
echo " Please check the cluster status. "
exit 1
fi
if [ "$(cat "${tempLog}")" == "true" ]; then
echo "Set $1=$2 successfully "
else
echo "Set $1=$2 failure "
failCount=`expr $failCount + 1`
fi
}

count=0
COMMENT_START="#"
for line in $(cat $(dirname "$PWD")/config.txt | sed s/[[:space:]]//g); do
if [[ "$line" =~ ^"${COMMENT_START}".* ]]; then
continue
fi
count=`expr $count + 1`
   key=${line%%=*}
value=${line#*=}
   addConfig "${key}" "${value}"
done

echo "========================================================================="
echo " Complete initialization parameters, total-count:$count , failure-count:$failCount "
echo "========================================================================="

if [ ${failCount} -eq 0 ]; then
   echo " Init nacos config finished, please start seata-server. "
else
   echo " init nacos config fail. "
fi

6、导入nacos配置

#循环不需要确认删除某一目录以及该目录下的文件和子目录。
rm -rf seata-server

将 config.txt文件添加到seata文件夹里，同时创建子目录nacos；将nacos-config.sh文件放到nacos目录里。

导入前要启动nacos并关闭防火墙，执行如下命令：为该文件分配一个执行的权限。

#命令1：为该文件分配一个执行的权限。
chmod +x nacos-config.sh

修改下面命令里的内容，包括ip和Id。

#命令2：
sh nacos-config.sh -h 192.168.43.8 -p 8848 -g SEATA_GROUP -t 6bb9bfd3-2af4-4fd8-8f75-c91482ba43f8 -u nacos -w nacos

报错说含/r的错误，是因为windows下文件的换行符合Linux不同导致的，执行以下命令：

#命令3:
sed -i 's/\r//' nacos-config.sh
#然后再重新执行一遍命令2:
sh nacos-config.sh -h 192.168.43.8 -p 8848 -g SEATA_GROUP -t 6bb9bfd3-2af4-4fd8-8f75-c91482ba43f8 -u nacos -w nacos

7、复制配置文件

seata目录下原资源可以全部删掉了。

将file.conf和registry.conf文件复制到/usr/local/docker/seata/config下，为再次创建seata容器做配置准备。

为config目录授权：

chmod 777 config

8、关闭并删除之前的seata容器

停掉刚才启动的seata，而且它以后也用不到了，可以删除。

9、数据库配置

启动seata需要有以下几张表的基础支持，所以在启动前，先创建如下数据库表。启动mysql数据库。

seata需要创建三张表：

全局事务---global_table

分支事务---branch_table

全局锁-----lock_table

建表语句

DROP TABLE
IF
   EXISTS `global_table`;
CREATE TABLE `global_table` (
   `xid` VARCHAR ( 128 ) NOT NULL,
   `transaction_id` BIGINT,
   `status` TINYINT NOT NULL,
   `application_id` VARCHAR ( 32 ),
   `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR ( 32 ),
   `transaction_name` VARCHAR ( 64 ),
   `timeout` INT,
   `begin_time` BIGINT,
   `application_data` VARCHAR ( 2000 ),
   `gmt_create` datetime,
   `gmt_modified` datetime,
   PRIMARY KEY ( `xid` ),
   KEY `idx_gmt_modified_status` ( `gmt_modified`, `status` ),
   KEY `idx_transaction_id` ( `transaction_id` )
);
DROP TABLE
IF
   EXISTS `branch_table`;
CREATE TABLE `branch_table` (
   `branch_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
   `xid` VARCHAR ( 128 ) NOT NULL,
   `transaction_id` BIGINT,
   `resource_group_id` VARCHAR ( 32 ),
   `resource_id` VARCHAR ( 256 ),
   `lock_key` VARCHAR ( 128 ),
   `branch_type` VARCHAR ( 8 ),
   `status` TINYINT,
   `client_id` VARCHAR ( 64 ),
   `application_data` VARCHAR ( 2000 ),
   `gmt_create` datetime,
   `gmt_modified` datetime,
   PRIMARY KEY ( `branch_id` ),
   KEY `idx_xid` ( `xid` )
);
DROP TABLE
IF
   EXISTS `lock_table`;
CREATE TABLE `lock_table` (
   `row_key` VARCHAR ( 128 ) NOT NULL,
   `xid` VARCHAR ( 96 ),
   `transaction_id` LONG,
   `branch_id` LONG,
   `resource_id` VARCHAR ( 256 ),
   `table_name` VARCHAR ( 100 ),
   `pk` VARCHAR ( 36 ),
   `gmt_create` datetime,
   `gmt_modified` datetime,
   PRIMARY KEY ( `row_key` )
);

10、启动seata

在执行启动命令前要先配置seata数据库

docker run --name seata \
-p 8091:8091 \
-e SEATA_IP=192.168.43.8 \
-e SEATA_PORT=8091 \
-e SEATA_CONFIG_NAME=file:/root/seata-config/registry \
-v /usr/local/docker/seata/config:/root/seata-config \
-d seataio/seata-server:1.3.0

查看日志信息，能看到端口号8091 就是启动成功了。

#查看上面的启动命令日志:
docker logs -f seata

、

4、应用seata

1.准备项目：

创建两个seata工程，分别是seata1 和 seata2，还是以openfeign工程做为例子，实现整合mybatis连接数据库两张表的添加功能。

2.准备数据库表:

#建表代码
CREATE TABLE `score` (
`id` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(50) NULL,
`score` double(7, 2) NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
)

CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(50) NULL,
`password` varchar(50) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
)

##undo_log表的创建语句，在下面的4.2里。

3.准备阶段，运行项目

【正常运行】

没有异常，成功运行，两张表里都有数据。

【添加异常】

添加异常，失败运行，两张表都添加数据成功了居然

【添加Spring事务】

两个工程添加事务注解，成绩添加数据成功，用户添加数据失败

===以上是分布式的情况下，事务没有统一管理。

4.使用seata

以下操作，每个工程项目里都操作一遍。

1、添加依赖

<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
</dependency>

2、各自数据库中创建UNDO_LOG表

给每个微服务的数据库都创建这张表才能应用seata

要求：具有InnoDB引擎的MySQL。

-- 注意此处0.3.0+ 增加唯一索引 ux_undo_log

CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
   `id` BIGINT ( 20 ) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   `branch_id` BIGINT ( 20 ) NOT NULL,
   `xid` VARCHAR ( 100 ) NOT NULL,
   `context` VARCHAR ( 128 ) NOT NULL,
   `rollback_info` LONGBLOB NOT NULL,
   `log_status` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
   `log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
   `log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
   `ext` VARCHAR ( 100 ) DEFAULT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ),
UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` ( `xid`, `branch_id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

3、修改启动类

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)

4、添加配置文件

在配置文件application.yml中，添加如下配置信息：

seata:
application-id: ${spring.application.name}
enabled: true
tx-service-group: my_tx_group
registry:
type: nacos
nacos:
server-addr: 172.19.186.247:8848
namespace: c05aaf00-2701-4d2e-8710-318752481731
group: SEATA_GROUP
username: nacos
password: nacos
config:
type: nacos
nacos:
server-addr: 172.19.186.247:8848
namespace: c05aaf00-2701-4d2e-8710-318752481731
group: SEATA_GROUP
username: nacos
password: nacos
service:
vgroup-mapping:
my_tx_group: default

feign:
httpclient:
connection-timeout: 600000
connection-timer-repeat: 30000

tx-service-group: my_tx_group

service: vgroup-mapping: my_tx_group: default

与nacos的配置要一致，nacos的配置是tx-service-group.my_tx_group=default

5、添加数据源配置

com.jr.config包下，创建下面的配置文件类。

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;

@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {

@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DruidDataSource druidDataSource() {
return new DruidDataSource();
}

@Bean
@Primary
public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DruidDataSource druidDataSource) {
return new DataSourceProxy(druidDataSource);
}

}