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python之数据结构与算法（数据结构篇）-- 集合

article 2024/10/27 11:14:57

一、集合的概念

所谓的编程中的”集合“，其实和高中数学中集合是一样的的。比如：羊村和狼堡看作一个集合，而狼堡中的"灰太狼"、"红太狼"、"小灰灰"则可看作狼堡中的元素，同理，羊村中的"喜羊羊", "美羊羊", "沸羊羊", "懒羊羊", "暖羊羊", "慢羊羊"。集合就是元素的集合体。就这样，我们基本上可以理解是个什么东东了！！！

二、集合实现思路

1.创建两个集合，一个包含羊村的成员，另一个包含狼堡成员

# 创建两个集合，一个包含羊村的成员，另一个包含狼堡成员
sheep_village = {"喜羊羊", "美羊羊", "沸羊羊", "懒羊羊", "暖羊羊", "慢羊羊"}
wolf_village = {"灰太狼", "红太狼", "小灰灰"}

2.打印原始集合

# 打印原始集合
print("羊村成员:", sheep_village)
print("狼堡:", wolf_village)

3.并集: 包含所有在羊村或狼堡的成员

# 并集: 包含所有在羊村或狼堡的成员
union_set = sheep_village.union(wolf_village)
print("并集 (羊村和灰太狼的朋友圈):", union_set)

4.交集: 同时存在于羊村和狼堡的成员

# 交集: 同时存在于羊村和狼堡的成员
intersection_set = sheep_village.intersection(wolf_village)
print("交集 (既是羊村成员又是灰太狼朋友的角色):", intersection_set)

5.差集: 在羊村但不在狼堡的角色

# 差集: 在羊村但不在狼堡的角色
difference_sheep = sheep_village.difference(wolf_village)
print("差集 (只属于羊村的角色):", difference_sheep)

6.检查特定角色是否在集合中

# 检查特定角色是否在集合中
print("喜羊羊在羊村吗?", "喜羊羊" in sheep_village)
print("灰太狼在羊村吗?", "灰太狼" not in sheep_village)

三、python代码实现

# 创建两个集合，一个包含羊村的成员，另一个包含狼堡成员
sheep_village = {"喜羊羊", "美羊羊", "沸羊羊", "懒羊羊", "暖羊羊", "慢羊羊"}
wolf_village = {"灰太狼", "红太狼", "小灰灰"}

# 打印原始集合
print("羊村成员:", sheep_village)
print("灰太狼和他的朋友们:", wolf_village)

# 并集: 包含所有在羊村或灰太狼朋友圈中的角色
union_set = sheep_village.union(wolf_village)
print("并集 (羊村和灰太狼的朋友圈):", union_set)

# 交集: 同时存在于羊村和狼堡的成员
intersection_set = sheep_village.intersection(wolf_village)
print("交集 (既是羊村成员又是灰太狼朋友的角色):", intersection_set)

# 差集: 在羊村但不在狼堡的角色
difference_sheep = sheep_village.difference(wolf_village)
print("差集 (只属于羊村的角色):", difference_sheep)

# 检查特定角色是否在集合中
print("喜羊羊在羊村吗?", "喜羊羊" in sheep_village)
print("灰太狼在羊村吗?", "灰太狼" not in sheep_village)

四、HYTML可视化实现

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>羊村与灰太狼的角色集合</title>
<style>
  body {
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
    margin: 20px;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-around;
    margin-top: 20px;
  }
  .set, .result {
    border: 2px solid #ccc;
    padding: 15px;
    width: 30%;
    min-width: 200px;
    text-align: left;
    background-color: #f9f9f9;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  }
  .set h3, .result h3 {
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  .character {
    display: block;
    margin: 5px 0;
  }
  .controls {
    margin-top: 20px;
  }
  button {
    margin: 0 10px;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 16px;
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  .hidden {
    display: none;
  }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>羊村与灰太狼的角色集合</h1>

<div class="container">
  <div class="set" id="sheepVillage">
    <h3 onclick="toggleSet('sheepVillage')">羊村成员</h3>
    <div class="character">喜羊羊</div>
    <div class="character">美羊羊</div>
    <div class="character">沸羊羊</div>
    <div class="character">懒羊羊</div>
    <div class="character">暖羊羊</div>
  </div>
  
  <div class="set" id="grayWolfFriends">
    <h3 onclick="toggleSet('grayWolfFriends')">灰太狼和他的朋友们</h3>
    <div class="character">灰太狼</div>
    <div class="character">红太狼</div>
    <div class="character">小灰灰</div>
    <div class="character">喜羊羊</div>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="result hidden" id="unionResult">
  <h3 onclick="toggleResult('unionResult')">并集 (羊村和灰太狼的朋友圈)</h3>
</div>

<div class="result hidden" id="intersectionResult">
  <h3 onclick="toggleResult('intersectionResult')">交集 (既是羊村成员又是灰太狼朋友的角色)</h3>
</div>

<div class="result hidden" id="differenceResult">
  <h3 onclick="toggleResult('differenceResult')">差集 (只属于羊村的角色)</h3>
</div>

<div class="result hidden" id="symmetricDifferenceResult">
  <h3 onclick="toggleResult('symmetricDifferenceResult')">对称差集 (不同时属于两边的角色)</h3>
</div>

<div class="controls">
  <button onclick="showUnion()">显示并集</button>
  <button onclick="showIntersection()">显示交集</button>
  <button onclick="showDifference()">显示差集</button>
  <button onclick="showSymmetricDifference()">显示对称差集</button>
</div>

<script>
const sheepVillage = new Set(["喜羊羊", "美羊羊", "沸羊羊", "懒羊羊", "暖羊羊"]);
const grayWolfFriends = new Set(["灰太狼", "红太狼", "小灰灰", "喜羊羊"]);

function showUnion() {
  const union = new Set([...sheepVillage, ...grayWolfFriends]);
  updateResult("unionResult", Array.from(union));
}

function showIntersection() {
  const intersection = new Set([...sheepVillage].filter(x => grayWolfFriends.has(x)));
  updateResult("intersectionResult", Array.from(intersection));
}

function showDifference() {
  const difference = new Set([...sheepVillage].filter(x => !grayWolfFriends.has(x)));
  updateResult("differenceResult", Array.from(difference));
}

function showSymmetricDifference() {
  const symmetricDifference = new Set(
    [...sheepVillage].filter(x => !grayWolfFriends.has(x))
      .concat([...grayWolfFriends].filter(x => !sheepVillage.has(x)))
  );
  updateResult("symmetricDifferenceResult", Array.from(symmetricDifference));
}

function updateResult(resultId, characters) {
  const resultDiv = document.getElementById(resultId);
  resultDiv.innerHTML = `<h3 onclick="toggleResult('${resultId}')">${resultDiv.querySelector('h3').innerText}</h3>`;
  characters.forEach(character => {
    resultDiv.innerHTML += `<div class="character">${character}</div>`;
  });
  toggleResult(resultId);
}

function toggleSet(setId) {
  const setDiv = document.getElementById(setId);
  setDiv.classList.toggle('hidden');
}

function toggleResult(resultId) {
  const resultDiv = document.getElementById(resultId);
  if (resultDiv.classList.contains('hidden')) {
    resultDiv.classList.remove('hidden');
    resultDiv.style.transform = 'scale(1.1)';
    setTimeout(() => { resultDiv.style.transform = 'scale(1)'; }, 300);
  } else {
    resultDiv.style.transform = 'scale(0.9)';
    setTimeout(() => { resultDiv.classList.add('hidden'); }, 300);
  }
}
</script>

</body>
</html>

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