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使用RabbitMQ

article 2025/3/15 13:19:57

使用RabbitMQ

1 Docker安装RabbitMQ

1.1 安装RabbitMQ

# 下载含有管理页面的镜像
docker pull rabbitmq:3.8.8-management

# 创建容器
# 5672：应用访问端口；15672：控制台Web端口号；
docker run -itd \
--name=my-rabbitmq \
--restart=always \
-p 15672:15672 \
-p 5672:5672 \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=rabbitmq \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123456 \
-v /home/rabbitmq/data:/var/lib/rabbitmq rabbitmq:3.8.8-management

1.2 访问RabbitMQ

# 访问网页
http://192.168.108.200:15672

在这里插入图片描述

2 SpringBoot使用RabbitMQ

2.1 说明

  1. 引入“spring-boot-starter-amqp”依赖；
  2. 使用“@Configuration”配置消息队列；
  3. 使用RabbitTemplate发送消息；
  4. 使用@RabbitListener监听消息；

2.2 工程目录

在这里插入图片描述

2.3 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mason</groupId>
    <artifactId>myrabbitmq</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>

    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <spring-boot-version>2.3.12.RELEASE</spring-boot-version>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Config the RebbitMQ -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>

        <!-- 注意：尽量在此配置Spring-Boot版本，子应用中可以不配置SpringBoot版本 -->
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot-version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 配置Maven插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.22.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <skipTests>true</skipTests>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot-version}</version>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.4 yml

server:
  port: 8081

  servlet:
    context-path: /myrm

spring:
  # 设置应用名
  application:
    name: my-rabbitmq

  # 配置RabbitMQ
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.108.200
    port: 5672
    username: rabbitmq
    password: 123456

2.5 config

ConfigRabbitmq.java

package com.mason.myrabbitmq.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import static com.mason.myrabbitmq.config.MyRoutingKey.QUEUE_HELLO;

@Configuration
public class ConfigRabbitmq {
    @Bean
    public Queue createDiscoverQueue(){
        return new Queue(QUEUE_HELLO, true);
    }

}

MyRoutingKey.java

package com.mason.myrabbitmq.config;

public class MyRoutingKey {
    public static final String QUEUE_HELLO ="queue_hello";
}

2.6 controller

QueueController.java

package com.mason.myrabbitmq.controller;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import static com.mason.myrabbitmq.config.MyRoutingKey.QUEUE_HELLO;

/**
 * " @RestController是@Controller和@ResponseBody和合并 "
 */

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class QueueController {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/send")
    public String sendMessage() {
        System.out.println("1 发送数据");
        System.out.println("Hello My RabbitMQ");
        this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(QUEUE_HELLO, "Hello My RabbitMQ ");
        return "Success";
    }
}

2.7 service

QueueService.java

package com.mason.myrabbitmq.service;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import static com.mason.myrabbitmq.config.MyRoutingKey.QUEUE_HELLO;


@Service
public class QueueService {
    // 监听RabbitMQ
    @RabbitListener(queues = QUEUE_HELLO)
    public void receiveMessage(String msg){
        System.out.println("2 获取RabbitMQ数据");
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
}

2.8 MyrabbitmqApplication.java

package com.mason.myrabbitmq;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MyrabbitmqApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MyrabbitmqApplication.class, args);
    }
}

2.9 截图

在这里插入图片描述

3 Python使用RabbitMQ

3.1 安装pika

# pika是操作RabbitMQ的依赖包
pip install pika

3,2 工程目录

在这里插入图片描述

3.3 main.py

# 导入channel
from my_decorator import channel
from my_rabbitmq import init_queue

init_queue()

# 运行APP
if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("RabbitMQ start consuming")
    channel.start_consuming()

3.4 my_decorator.py


# 导入pika使用RabbitMQ
import pika
from pika.adapters.blocking_connection import BlockingChannel


# 导入routing key
from my_routing_key import RoutingKey


# 连接RabbitMQ
def conn_rabbitmq() -> BlockingChannel:

    host = "192.168.108.200"
    username = "rabbitmq"
    password = "123456"
    port = 5672

    # 配置rabbitmq连接
    crenditials = pika.PlainCredentials(username=username, password=password)
    conn_parameter = pika.ConnectionParameters(host=host, port=port, credentials=crenditials)

    # 连接rabbitmq
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(conn_parameter)

    # Generate the channel
    return connection.channel()


# 连接channel
channel = conn_rabbitmq()


# 声明 routing key
def declare_routing_key():
    channel.queue_declare(RoutingKey.my_routing_key)


declare_routing_key()


# 自定义装饰器
def queue(queue_name):
    """
    监听rabbitmq消息
    :param queue_name: rabbitmq的消息名称
    :return: 装饰器方法
    """
    def decorator(func):
        channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, auto_ack=True, on_message_callback=func)
    return decorator

3.5 my_rabbitmq.py


# 使用装饰器监听rabbitmq
from my_decorator import queue


# 导入routing key
from my_routing_key import RoutingKey


def init_queue():
    print("初始化QueueMessage")
    pass


@queue(RoutingKey.my_routing_key)
def get_message(ch, method, properties, body):
    print("2 接收RabbitMQ")
    print(body)

    pass

3.6 my_routing_key.py

# 设置RoutingKey

class RoutingKey():
    my_routing_key = "my_routing_key"

3.7 my_send_message.py


from my_decorator import channel


# 导入routing key
from my_routing_key import RoutingKey


def send_data():
    print("1 发送RabbitMQ")
    body = "Hello my data"
    channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key=RoutingKey.my_routing_key, body=body)


send_data()

3.8 截图

  1. 运行main.py，实时接收信息;
  2. 运行my_send_message.py发送消息；

在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述


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