python基础知识（四）——发送请求、接口关联

一、requests库

1. python发送http的接口请求，需要使用requests库
2. 客户端–>服务器发送请求需要：请求地址、请求方法、请求头、请求体
3. 服务器–>客户端作出响应：http响应状态码，响应头，响应体

注：详细介绍请看
接口测试（一）基础

二、注册（示例仅供参考）

# 请求url
urlRegister = "http://47.115.15.198:7001/smarthome/user/register"   

# 请求头
headerRegister = {"X-Lemonban-Media-Type":"lemonban.v2",
"Content-Type":"application/json"}                                  

#请求体
dataRegister = {
  "phone": "15219081994",
  "pwd": "1234567a",
  "rePwd": "1234567a",
  "userName": "ding94",
  "verificationCode": msgCode
}

1. 情景一：响应结果只有状态码
注：若请求体是json格式，首选json传参，即 requests.post( json = xxx ）

#请求方法-post
responseRegister = requests.post(url=urlRegister, headers=headerRegister, json=dataRegister)
print(responseRegister)

2. 情景二：响应结果json格式、响应头、响应状态码

#请求方法-post
responseRegister = requests.post(url=urlRegister, headers=headerRegister, json=dataRegister).json()
print(responseRegister)

#获取响应头
responseHeaderRegister = requests.post(url=urlRegister,headers=headerRegister,json=dataRegister).headers
print(responseHeaderRegister)

#获取响应状态码
responseCodeRegister = requests.post(url=urlRegister,headers=headerRegister,json=dataRegister).status_code
print(responseCodeRegister)

三、接口关联

示例：根据响应结果，取token、id值

{
    'code': '0', 
    'msg': '操作成功', 
    'data': {
        'token_info': {
            'token_type': 'Bearer', 
            'expires_in': '2023-01-04 21:25:56', 
            'token': 'eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoiOTQ3NzgiLCJleHAiOjE2NzI4MzkxMDN9.GZsxqxw64VSWuQvWr1PEPv2GIMVOGzE-0TFjz4vzyrLhP4VJ0b81CW3K4afl9k-xqdV4RPG0h3uJRG9GWS2m4g'
            }, 
        'phone': '15219081993', 
        'user_name': 'ding93', 
        'id': 94778, 
        'type': False
    }
}

responseLogin = requests.post(url=urlLogin,headers=headerLogin,json=dataLogin).json()

1. 方式一：通过字典嵌套取值

# 从登录响应体中取到token值内容，再赋值给token变量
token = responseLogin['data']['token_info']['token']

#从登录响应体中取到id值内容，再赋值给userId变量
userId = responseLogin['data']['id']    

2. 方式二：jsonpath表达式

token = jsonpath.jsonpath(responseLogin,"$.data.token_info.token")[0]
print(token)

userId = jsonpath.jsonpath(responseLogin,"$.data.id")[0]
print(userId)

3. token、id值的关联使用

urlCom = "http://47.115.15.198:7001/smarthome/merchant/complete"

headerCom = {
    "X-Lemonban-Media-Type":"lemonban.v2",
    "Content-Type":"application/json",
    "Authorization":"Bearer " + token
}

dataCom = {
  "address": "湖南省长沙市岳麓区xx街道",
  "establishDate": "2021-04-02",
  "legalPerson": "韩信",
  "licenseCode": "xh430646464sdfa",
  "licenseUrl": "http://127.0.0.1/smarthome/aaa.jpg",
  "merchantName": "青海文梅科技有限公司",
  "merchantType": 2,
  "registerAuthority": "城中区派出所",
  "tel": "18888888888",
  "userId": userId,
  "validityDate": "2033-05-02"
}

#获取响应结果
responseCom = requests.put(url=urlCom,headers=headerCom,json=dataCom).json()

四、get请求

1. get请求，请求数据为query类型，应使用param进行传参

urlMsgCode = "http://47.115.15.198:7001/smarthome/verificationCode/message"
dataMsgCode = {"phone":"15219081994"}
headerMsgCode = {"X-Lemonban-Media-Type":"lemonban.v2"}

responseMsgCode = requests.get(url=urlMsgCode,params=dataMsgCode,headers=headerMsgCode).json()
print(responseMsgCode)

运行结果示例：

{
    'code': '0', 
    'msg': '操作成功', 
    'data': '631812'
}