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Spring：DI依赖注入的方式

article 2024/11/17 15:39:07

Spring为我们提供了两种注入方式，分别是:

setter注入
- 简单类型
- 引用类型
构造器注入
- 简单类型
- 引用类型

setter注入

在bean中定义引用类型属性，并提供可访问的set方法
配置中使用property标签ref属性注入引用类型对象

(1)项目中添加BookDao、BookDaoImpl、UserDao、UserDaoImpl、BookService和BookServiceImpl类

public interface BookDao {
    public void save();
}

// 有基本类型变量 setter方法
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {

    private String databaseName;
    private int connectionNum;

    public void setConnectionNum(int connectionNum) {
        this.connectionNum = connectionNum;
    }

    public void setDatabaseName(String databaseName) {
        this.databaseName = databaseName;
    }

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book dao save ..."+databaseName+","+connectionNum);
    }
}
public interface UserDao {
    public void save();
}
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("user dao save ...");
    }
}

public interface BookService {
    public void save();
}

// 有引用类型setter方法
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{
    private BookDao bookDao;
    private UserDao userDao;
    
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
    public void setBookDao(BookDao bookDao) {
        this.bookDao = bookDao;
    }

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book service save ...");
        bookDao.save();
        userDao.save();
    }
}

(2)resources下提供spring的配置文件
在applicationContext.xml配置文件中使用property标签注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
        <property name="databaseName" value="mysql"/>
     	<property name="connectionNum" value="10"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
    <bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

说明:

对于引用数据类型使用的是<property name="" ref=""/>
对于简单数据类型使用的是<property name="" value=""/>
value:后面跟的是简单数据类型，对于参数类型，Spring在注入的时候会自动转换

（3）编写AppForDISet运行类，加载Spring的IOC容器，并从中获取对应的bean对象

public class AppForDISet {
    public static void main( String[] args ) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        BookService bookService = (BookService) ctx.getBean("bookService");
        bookService.save();
    }
}

运行结果：
在这里插入图片描述

构造器注入

构造器注入也就是构造方法注入
(1)项目中添加BookDao、BookDaoImpl、UserDao、UserDaoImpl、BookService和BookServiceImpl类

public interface BookDao {
    public void save();
}
// 添加多个简单属性并提供构造方法
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
    private String databaseName;
    private int connectionNum;

    public BookDaoImpl(String databaseName, int connectionNum) {
        this.databaseName = databaseName;
        this.connectionNum = connectionNum;
    }

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book dao save ..."+databaseName+","+connectionNum);
    }
}
public interface UserDao {
    public void save();
}
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("user dao save ...");
    }
}

public interface BookService {
    public void save();
}

// 在BookServiceImpl声明userDao并提供多个参数的构造函数
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{
    private BookDao bookDao;
    private UserDao userDao;

    public BookServiceImpl(BookDao bookDao,UserDao userDao) {
        this.bookDao = bookDao;
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book service save ...");
        bookDao.save();
        userDao.save();
    }
}

(2)resources下提供spring的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
        <constructor-arg name="databaseName" value="mysql"/>
        <constructor-arg name="connectionNum" value="666"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
    <bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
        <constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
        <constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

(3)编写AppForDIConstructor运行类，加载Spring的IOC容器，并从中获取对应的bean对象

public class AppForDIConstructor {
    public static void main( String[] args ) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        BookService bookService = (BookService) ctx.getBean("bookService");
        bookService.save();
    }
}