当前位置：首页 > article >正文

41 基于单片机的小车行走加温湿度检测系统

article 2025/2/24 16:29:46

一、主要功能

二、硬件资源

三、程序编程

四、实现现象

一、主要功能

基于51单片机，采样DHT11温湿度传感器检测温湿度，滑动变阻器连接数码转换器模拟电量采集传感器，
电机采样L298N驱动，各项参数通过LCD1602显示，如果电量低于阈值，电机停止转动，小车停止前进；
如果电流高于阈值，则电机转动，这个电机采样两个电机，一个负责纵向，一个负责横向，纵向横向来回
转换；
如果温度/湿度高于程序里设置好得阈值湿度阈值70，则蜂鸣器发出警报；

二、硬件资源

基于KEIL5编写C++代码，PROTEUS8.15进行仿真，全部资源在页尾，提供安装包。

编辑

三、程序编程

#include <REGX52.H>#include<intrins.h>#include<stdio.h>#include "Delay.h"#include "LCD1602.h"#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned  int
	sbit CS=P1^0;                 //adc0832引脚sbit CLK=P1^1;
sbit DIO=P1^2;
sbit beep=P3^4;
sbit out1 = P3^6;
sbit out2 = P3^7;
sbit out3 = P3^0;
sbit out4 = P3^1;
sbit Temp\_data=P2^6;  //DHT11unsigned char rec\_dat\_lcd0\[6\];unsigned char rec\_dat\_lcd1\[6\];unsigned char rec\_dat\_lcd2\[6\];unsigned char rec\_dat\_lcd3\[6\];unsigned int rec\_dat\[4\];static double u,U;static uchar wd,sd;static int num,num1,flag,flag1=0;static int wdyz=40,sdyz=70,dlyz=30;void DHT11\_delay\_us(unsigned char n);void DHT11\_delay\_ms(unsigned int z);void DHT11\_start();unsigned char DHT11\_rec\_byte();void DHT11\_receive();void beep\_warning();void cshq();void xspxs();void motorzx();void motorhx();//延时msvoid DHT11\_delay_ms(unsigned int z){    unsigned int i,j;    for(i=z; i>0; i--)        for(j=110; j>0; j--);
}//延时us   --2*n+5usvoid DHT11\_delay\_us(unsigned char n){    while(--n);
}//DHT11起始信号void DHT11_start(){
    Temp\_data=1;    DHT11\_delay_us(10);

    Temp\_data=0;    DHT11\_delay_ms(50);//这个延时不能过短,18ms以上,实际在仿真当中要想读到数据延时要在延时参数要在40以上才能出数据

    Temp\_data=1;    DHT11\_delay\_us(30);//这个延时不能过短}//接收一个字节unsigned char DHT11\_rec_byte(){    unsigned char i,dat=0;    for(i=0; i<8; i++)
    {        while(!Temp\_data);        DHT11\_delay_us(8);
        dat <<=1;        if(Temp_data==1)
        {
            dat +=1;
        }        while(Temp_data);
    }    return dat;
}//接收温湿度数据void DHT11\_receive(){    unsigned int R\_H,R\_L,T\_H,T\_L;    unsigned char RH,RL,TH,TL,revise;    DHT11\_start();
    Temp\_data=1;    if(Temp\_data==0)
    {        while(Temp_data==0);   //等待拉高
        DHT11\_delay\_us(40);  //拉高后延时80us

        R\_H=DHT11\_rec_byte();    //接收湿度高八位
        R\_L=DHT11\_rec_byte();    //接收湿度低八位
        T\_H=DHT11\_rec_byte();    //接收温度高八位
        T\_L=DHT11\_rec_byte();    //接收温度低八位
        revise=DHT11\_rec\_byte(); //接收校正位

        DHT11\_delay\_us(25);    //结束

        if((R\_H+R\_L+T\_H+T\_L)==revise)      //校正
        {
            RH=R_H;
            RL=R_L;
            TH=T_H;
            TL=T_L;

        }        /*数据处理，方便显示*/
        rec_dat\[0\]=RH;
        rec_dat\[1\]=RL;
        rec_dat\[2\]=TH;
        rec_dat\[3\]=TL;

    }

}void dht11(){
	      TR1 = 0;//	      DHT11\_delay\_ms(150);
        DHT11\_receive();	      sprintf(rec\_dat\_lcd0,"%d",rec\_dat\[0\]);        sprintf(rec\_dat\_lcd1,"%d",rec\_dat\[1\]);        sprintf(rec\_dat\_lcd2,"%d",rec\_dat\[2\]);        sprintf(rec\_dat\_lcd3,"%d",rec\_dat\[3\]);        DHT11\_delay_ms(100);
	      wd = rec\_dat\[3\]*10 + rec\_dat\[2\];
				sd = rec\_dat\[1\]*10 + rec\_dat\[0\];
	      TR1 = 1;

}void Time1Init()	//定时器1{
	TMOD |= 0x10;
	TH1   = (65536-57567)/256;
	TL1   = (65536-57567)%256;
	EA    = 1;
	ET1   = 1;
	TR1   = 1;
}void Time1Start() interrupt 3	  //定时器1中断{
	TH1   = (65536-57567)/256;
	TL1   = (65536-57567)%256;
	num++;	if(num == 2)//达到1s
	{		dht11(); //温湿度获取
		cshq();  //参数获取
		xspxs();  //显示屏显示
		beep_warning(); //状态判断
		num = 0; 
	}
	num1++;	if(num1 == 2)
	{		if(flag1 == 0)
		{		motorzx();//纵向行走
		Delay(200); 
		motorhx();  //横向行走
		Delay(200); 
		}		else
		{
			out1=0;
			out2=0;
			out3=0;
			out4=0;
		}
		num1 = 0;
	}
}uchar get\_AD\_Res()            //ADC0832启动读取函数{
	uchar i, data1=0, data2=0;
	CS=0;
	
	CLK=0;DIO=1;\_nop\_();
	CLK=1;\_nop\_();
	
	CLK=0;DIO=1;\_nop\_(); 
	CLK=1;\_nop\_();
	
	CLK=0;DIO=0;\_nop\_();
	CLK=1;\_nop\_();
	
	CLK=0;DIO=1;\_nop\_(); 
	
	for(i=0; i<8; i++)
	{
		CLK=1;\_nop\_();
		CLK=0;\_nop\_();
		data1=(data1<<1)|(uchar)DIO; 
	}	
	for(i=0; i<8; i++)
	{
		data2=data2|(uchar)DIO<<i;
		CLK=1;\_nop\_();
		CLK=0;\_nop\_();
	}
	CS=1;	
	return(data1 == data2)?data1:0;
}void beep_warning()//蜂鸣器警报并且电机转动{	if(wd>wdyz || sd>sdyz || U < dlyz)
	{
		flag = 1;
	}	else
	{
		flag = 0;
	}	
	if(U<dlyz)
	{
		flag1 = 1;
	}	else
	{
		flag1 = 0;
	}	if(flag == 1)
	{
		beep = 1;
	}	else
	{
		beep = 0;
	}
}void main()					  //主函数{	
	LCD_Init();         //显示屏初始化	
	Time1Init();    //定时器
	beep = 0;	while(1)
	{	
	} 
}void motorzx()  //纵向{
	out1 = 1;
	out2 = 0;
	out3 = 0;
	out4 = 0;
}void motorhx()  //横向{
	out1 = 0;
	out2 = 0;
	out3 = 1;
	out4 = 0;
}void xspxs()  //显示屏显示{	  LCD_ShowString(1,1,"wd:");	
		LCD_ShowNum(1,4,wd,2); //温度
	
	  LCD_ShowString(1,6,"sd:");	
		LCD_ShowNum(1,9,sd,2); //湿度
	  
	  LCD_ShowString(1,11,"dl:");	
		LCD_ShowNum(1,14,U,2); //电量
	
	   LCD_ShowString(2,1,"wd:");	
		LCD_ShowNum(2,4,wdyz,2); //温度
	
	  LCD_ShowString(2,6,"sd:");	
		LCD_ShowNum(2,9,sdyz,2); //湿度
	  
	  LCD_ShowString(2,11,"dl:");	
		LCD_ShowNum(2,14,dlyz,2); //电量
	}void cshq()  //参数获取{
	  u=get\_AD\_Res();
		U=(u/255)*99;
}