已有 containerd 的情况下部署二进制 docker 共存

文章目录

• • @[toc]
  • 学习目的
  • 开始学习
  • • dockerd
    • 启动 containerd
    • • 准备配置文件
      • 启动 containerd
    • 启动 docker
    • • 准备配置文件
      • 启动 docker
    • 环境验证
    • 停止 docker 和 containerd

学习目的

使用容器的方式做一些部署的交付，相对方便很多，不需要担心别人的环境缺少需要的依赖（比如 python 库，ansible 模块等），在 k8s 普及的情况下，也要想办法不污染本地的环境

开始学习

• 阿里云 docker-ce-linux-x86 二进制文件下载地址

dockerd

• dockerd 是管理容器的持久进程
• Docker 对守护程序和客户端使用不同的二进制文件
• dockerd 支持命令行，配置文件和环境变量的方式来配置启动参数
  • 命令行和配置文件选项优先于环境变量
  • 配置文件存在的参数不能和命令行的参数一样

• Linux 上允许的配置选项的完整示例，具体参数作用，可以看 dockerd 官方文档

{
  "allow-nondistributable-artifacts": [],
  "api-cors-header": "",
  "authorization-plugins": [],
  "bip": "",
  "bridge": "",
  "builder": {
    "gc": {
      "enabled": true,
      "defaultKeepStorage": "10GB",
      "policy": [
        { "keepStorage": "10GB", "filter": ["unused-for=2200h"] },
        { "keepStorage": "50GB", "filter": ["unused-for=3300h"] },
        { "keepStorage": "100GB", "all": true }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cgroup-parent": "",
  "containerd": "/run/containerd/containerd.sock",
  "containerd-namespace": "docker",
  "containerd-plugins-namespace": "docker-plugins",
  "data-root": "",
  "debug": true,
  "default-address-pools": [
    {
      "base": "172.30.0.0/16",
      "size": 24
    },
    {
      "base": "172.31.0.0/16",
      "size": 24
    }
  ],
  "default-cgroupns-mode": "private",
  "default-gateway": "",
  "default-gateway-v6": "",
  "default-network-opts": {},
  "default-runtime": "runc",
  "default-shm-size": "64M",
  "default-ulimits": {
    "nofile": {
      "Hard": 64000,
      "Name": "nofile",
      "Soft": 64000
    }
  },
  "dns": [],
  "dns-opts": [],
  "dns-search": [],
  "exec-opts": [],
  "exec-root": "",
  "experimental": false,
  "features": {
    "cdi": true,
    "containerd-snapshotter": true
  },
  "fixed-cidr": "",
  "fixed-cidr-v6": "",
  "group": "",
  "host-gateway-ip": "",
  "hosts": [],
  "proxies": {
    "http-proxy": "http://proxy.example.com:80",
    "https-proxy": "https://proxy.example.com:443",
    "no-proxy": "*.test.example.com,.example.org"
  },
  "icc": false,
  "init": false,
  "init-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-init",
  "insecure-registries": [],
  "ip": "0.0.0.0",
  "ip-forward": false,
  "ip-masq": false,
  "iptables": false,
  "ip6tables": false,
  "ipv6": false,
  "labels": [],
  "live-restore": true,
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-format": "text",
  "log-level": "",
  "log-opts": {
    "cache-disabled": "false",
    "cache-max-file": "5",
    "cache-max-size": "20m",
    "cache-compress": "true",
    "env": "os,customer",
    "labels": "somelabel",
    "max-file": "5",
    "max-size": "10m"
  },
  "max-concurrent-downloads": 3,
  "max-concurrent-uploads": 5,
  "max-download-attempts": 5,
  "mtu": 0,
  "no-new-privileges": false,
  "node-generic-resources": [
    "NVIDIA-GPU=UUID1",
    "NVIDIA-GPU=UUID2"
  ],
  "oom-score-adjust": 0,
  "pidfile": "",
  "raw-logs": false,
  "registry-mirrors": [],
  "runtimes": {
    "cc-runtime": {
      "path": "/usr/bin/cc-runtime"
    },
    "custom": {
      "path": "/usr/local/bin/my-runc-replacement",
      "runtimeArgs": [
        "--debug"
      ]
    }
  },
  "seccomp-profile": "",
  "selinux-enabled": false,
  "shutdown-timeout": 15,
  "storage-driver": "",
  "storage-opts": [],
  "swarm-default-advertise-addr": "",
  "tls": true,
  "tlscacert": "",
  "tlscert": "",
  "tlskey": "",
  "tlsverify": true,
  "userland-proxy": false,
  "userland-proxy-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-proxy",
  "userns-remap": ""
}

启动 containerd

这里用 docker 二进制文件里面的 containerd 命令启动

准备配置文件

disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data"
state = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-state"
temp = ""
version = 2

[cgroup]
  path = ""

[debug]
  address = ""
  format = ""
  gid = 0
  level = ""
  uid = 0

[grpc]
  address = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data/containerd.sock"
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216
  tcp_address = ""
  tcp_tls_ca = ""
  tcp_tls_cert = ""
  tcp_tls_key = ""
  uid = 0

[metrics]
  address = ""
  grpc_histogram = false

[plugins]

  [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    schedule_delay = "0s"
    startup_delay = "100ms"

  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
    device_ownership_from_security_context = false
    disable_apparmor = false
    disable_cgroup = false
    disable_hugetlb_controller = true
    disable_proc_mount = false
    disable_tcp_service = true
    drain_exec_sync_io_timeout = "0s"
    enable_selinux = false
    enable_tls_streaming = false
    enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
    enable_unprivileged_ports = false
    ignore_deprecation_warnings = []
    ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
    restrict_oom_score_adj = false
    sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"
    selinux_category_range = 1024
    stats_collect_period = 10
    stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
    stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
    stream_server_port = "0"
    systemd_cgroup = false
    tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
    unset_seccomp_profile = ""

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
      bin_dir = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin"
      conf_dir = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data/cni"
      conf_template = ""
      ip_pref = ""
      max_conf_num = 1

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
      default_runtime_name = "runc"
      disable_snapshot_annotations = true
      discard_unpacked_layers = false
      ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
      no_pivot = false
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
            BinaryName = ""
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = true

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
      key_model = "node"

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
      config_path = ""

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ""
      tls_key_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
    path = "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
    interval = "10s"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
    content_sharing_policy = "shared"

  [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
    no_prometheus = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
    no_shim = false
    runtime = "runc"
    runtime_root = ""
    shim = "containerd-shim"
    shim_debug = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
    platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
    sched_core = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
    default = ["walking"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
    rdt_config_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
    async_remove = false
    base_image_size = ""
    discard_blocks = false
    fs_options = ""
    fs_type = ""
    pool_name = ""
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
    mount_options = []
    root_path = ""
    sync_remove = false
    upperdir_label = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]

[proxy_plugins]

[stream_processors]

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"

[timeouts]
  "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"

[ttrpc]
  address = ""
  gid = 0
  uid = 0

启动 containerd

nohup /approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/containerd --config config/containerd.toml &> /approot/docker-27.2.0/logs/containerd.log &
echo $! > /approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd.pid

启动 docker

准备配置文件

{
  "data-root": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data",
  "containerd": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data/containerd.sock",
  "default-address-pools": [
    {
      "base": "172.20.0.0/16",
      "size": 24
    }
  ],
  "hosts": [
    {
      "unix": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.sock"
    }
  ],
  "experimental": true,
  "init-path": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/docker-init",
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-format": "json",
  "log-level": "",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-file": "5",
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "pidfile": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.pid",
  "runtimes": {
    "runc": {
      "path": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/runc"
    }
  },
  "userland-proxy-path": "/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/docker-proxy"
}

启动 docker

nohup /approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/dockerd --config-file /approot/docker-27.2.0/config/daemon.json &> /approot/docker-27.2.0/logs/docker.log &

环境验证

首先用系统自带的 containerd 来拉取镜像

ctr image pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9

查看拉取的镜像信息

ctr image ls

正常情况下，会有类似如下的返回

REF                                                           TYPE                                                      DIGEST                                                                  SIZE      PLATFORMS                                                                    LABELS 
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9 application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json sha256:7031c1b283388d2c2e09b57badb803c05ebed362dc88d84b480cc47f72a21097 314.0 KiB linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x,windows/amd64 -

查看独立安装的 containerd 是否能看到镜像

• 通过 --address 来指定 sock 文件，正常情况下是看不到有镜像的

ctr --address /approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd-data/containerd.sock image ls

使用 docker 命令来查看，正常情况下，也是看不到有镜像的

/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/docker --host unix:///approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.sock image ls

使用 docker 命令尝试镜像构建，下面简单准备一个 dockerfile

FROM docker.m.daocloud.io/alpine:3.20

ENV LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
ENV LANGUAGE="en_US:en"
ENV LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"

RUN echo "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/alpine/v3.20/main" > /etc/apk/repositories && \
    echo "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/alpine/v3.20/community" >> /etc/apk/repositories && \
    apk add --no-cache --update --verbose vim jq net-tools && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/apk /tmp /sbin/halt /sbin/poweroff /sbin/reboot

构建镜像

/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/docker --host unix:///approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.sock build -t base-image-1.0:alpine-3.20 .

启动 docker 容器验证，一切都正常

/approot/docker-27.2.0/bin/docker --host unix:///approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.sock run -d  -p 8080:80 docker.m.daocloud.io/openresty/openresty:latest

停止 docker 和 containerd

docker

kill $(cat /approot/docker-27.2.0/docker-data/docker.pid)
kill $(cat /approot/docker-27.2.0/containerd.pid)