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【原生js案例】ajax的简易封装实现后端数据交互

article 2024/12/22 21:48:51

ajax是前端与后端数据库进行交互的最基础的工具，第三方的工具库比如jquery,axios都有对ajax进行第二次的封装，fecth是浏览器原生自带的功能，但是它与ajax还是有区别的，总结如下：

ajax与fetch对比

实现效果

请添加图片描述

代码实现

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Document</title>
  <script src="./js/ajax.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="" method="POST">
        <input type="text" name="" id="userInput" /> <br>
        <input type="text" name="" id="pwdInput" /> <br>
        <input type="button" value="提交" id="btn">
    </form>
    <div id="box"></div>
    <script>
       window.onload = function(){
          const oBtn = document.querySelector('#btn');
          const oInput = document.querySelector('#userInput');
          const oPwd = document.querySelector('#pwdInput');
          const oBox = document.querySelector('#box');
          oBtn.onclick = function(){
              if(oInput.value == ''){
                  alert('请输入内容');
              }else{
                http(`http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/user/form`,{name:oInput.value,pwd:oPwd.value},function(data){
                    oBox.innerHTML = `Hello ${data.data.name},欢迎你 ${data.data.pwd}`;
                },"POST")
              }
          }
       }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

ajax封装

function http(url, data, cb, method = "GET") {
  const xhr = getXHR();
  console.log("🚀 ~ http ~ xhr:", xhr);
  xhr.open(method, url, true); // true为异步请求,false为同步请求
  xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
    // 状态改变后执行此方法
    if (xhr.readyState === 4 && xhr.status === 200) {
      cb(JSON.parse(xhr.responseText)); // 字符创转成json
    }
  };
  xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
  xhr.responseType = "application/json";
  xhr.send(method === "GET" ? null : JSON.stringify(data)); // 发送请求数据,GET方法不需要传递数据
}

//兼容处理
function getXHR() {
  let xhr = null;
  if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
    xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  } else {
    xhr = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  }
  return xhr;
}

node实现的数据接口

配置了跨域及解析前端请求数据的中间件

const express = require("express");
const userRouter = require("./routes/user");
const bodyParser = require("body-parser");
const cors = require("cors");
const app = express();

// 允许跨域
app.use(cors());

// parse application/x-www-form-urlencoded
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));

// parse application/json
app.use(bodyParser.json());

app.use("/api/user", userRouter);

app.listen(8080, () => {
  console.log("Server is running on port 8080");
});

接口数据处理

const express = require("express");

const router = express.Router();
// 模拟数据库，也可以介入mysql或者mongodb
const names = ["张三", "李四", "王五", "赵六"];

router.get("/", (req, res) => {
  res.send("Hello World!");
});

router.post("/form", (req, res) => {
  console.log("🚀 ~ router.post ~ req:", req.body);
  const { name, pwd } = req.body;
  if (names.includes(name)) {
    return res.json({
      code: 1,
      data: {
        name: "该用户名已经注册啦",
        pwd: "",
      },
    });
  } else {
    return res.json({
      code: 0,
      data: {
        name: `我是服务端返回的数据` + name,
        pwd: `我是服务端返回的数据` + pwd,
      },
    });
  }
});

module.exports = router;