Restaurants WebAPI（四)——Identity

项目地址

• 教程作者：
• 教程地址：

• 代码仓库地址：

• 所用到的框架和插件：

dbt 
airflow

一、Authentication（身份认证）

回答“你是谁”的问题

1.1 配置环境(解决类库包无法引用)

1. Restaurants.Domain层安装

 <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="8.0.11" />

2. 在Restaurants.Domain层的Entities文件夹下创建User实体

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace Restaurants.Domain.Entities
{
    public class User:IdentityUser
    {
    }
}

3. 在Restaurants.Infrastructure层的Persistence文件夹里 将DbContext继承改为 IdentityDbContext<User>

4. 在Extensions里进行注册

 services.AddIdentityApiEndpoints<User>()
     .AddEntityFrameworkStores<RestaurantsDbContext>();

5. 在引入AddIdentityApiEndpoints时，一直无法引入，原因是：在类库项目中不能直接引用WebApplicationBuilder、ApplicationBuilder等类，这些类位于Microsoft.ASPNetCore程序集中，但是无法通过Nuget包引用

6. 在程序入口注册服务

app.MapGroup("api/identity").MapIdentityApi<User>();

7. EF将User表写入数据库在类库Restaurants.Infrastructure下

add-migration IdentityAdded
update-database

8. 迁移成功后，数据库里就有了权限表
   
9. 发送一个post请求，注册一个用户

1.2 使用Authentication控制Controller的访问

1. 在Restaurants.API层的Extensions文件夹 里注册服务

2. 在需要添加验证的Controller类上面添加[Authorize]，如果类里有不需要验证就可以访问的api，在该controller上添加[AllowAnonymous]

3. 设置成功后，当访问https://localhost:7044/api/restaurants/1报错401Unauthorized; 但是访问https://localhost:7044/api/restaurants可以获取所有restaurants的列表

1.3 获取User的Context

1.3.1 在Application下创建User文件夹

• 创建User文件用来管理和获取权限中的User信息
  

1. 创建User.cs record类封装角色信息

• 将用户的Id, Email , Roles，封装到CurrentUser类里，并且通过IsInRole方法，检查用户的角色集合中是否包含指定的角色。返回true 或者 false

namespace Restaurants.Application.User
{
    public record CurrentUser(string Id, string Email, IEnumerable<string> Roles)
    {
        public bool IsInRole(string role) => Roles.Contains(role);
    }
}

2. 创建UserContext.cs提供接口给程序使用

• 从当前 HTTP 请求的上下文中获取用户的身份信息（CurrentUser），并提供一个接口 IUserContext 供应用程序使用。
• 主要逻辑：
  1. 获取IHttpContextAccessor服务httpContextAccessor；
  2. 通过httpContextAccessor服务获取到HttpContext的User信息；
  3. 判断user信息，然后获取我们需要的内容；
  4. 将需要内容 new一个CurrentUser类；
  5. 创建一个IUserContext接口，该接口的功能，作用时注册到服务里，这样程序的任何地方只需要获取服务就可以获得CurrentUser的信息；

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using System.Security.Claims;
namespace Restaurants.Application.User
{
    public interface IUserContext
    {
        CurrentUser? GetCurrentUser();
    }

    public class UserContext : IUserContext
    {
        private readonly IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor;

        public UserContext(IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
        {
            this.httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
        }

        public CurrentUser? GetCurrentUser()
        {
            var user = httpContextAccessor?.HttpContext?.User;
            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("User context is not present");
            }
            if (user.Identity == null || !user.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                return null;
            }
            var userId = user.FindFirst(c => c.Type == ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier)!.Value;
            var email = user.FindFirst(c => c.Type == ClaimTypes.Email)!.Value;
            var roles = user.Claims.Where(c => c.Type == ClaimTypes.Role)!.Select(c => c.Value);
            return new CurrentUser(userId, email, roles);
        }
    }
}

3. 注册IUserContext接口到服务里

• 在Application的Extensions文件里注册 IUserContext的接口

1.4 添加自己属性在User里

1.4.1 给dbo.AspNetUsers添加字段

• 现在我们的User使用的Identity自己定义，如果我们需要给User添加例如生日，国籍，等其他信息，就需要扩展

1. Domian的Entities(Model)层里创建User.cs，表示自定义的User，继承IdentityUser的接口

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace Restaurants.Domain.Entities
{
    public class User:IdentityUser
    {
        public DateOnly? DateOfBirth { get; set; }
        public string? Nationality { get; set; }
    }
}

2. 在Infrustructure层执行迁移，添加的字段加入到表里

1.4.2 添加IdentityController

• 创建IdentitiesController.cs控制器，用来处理IdentityUser的增删改查

using MediatR;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Restaurants.Application.Users.Commands.UpdateUserDetials;

namespace Restaurants.API.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("api/identity")]
    public class IdentitiesController: ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly IMediator mediator;

        public IdentitiesController(IMediator mediator)
        {
            this.mediator = mediator;
        }

        [HttpPatch("user")]
        [Authorize]
        public async Task<ActionResult> UpdateUserDetails(UpdateUserDetailsCommand command)
        {
            await mediator.Send(command);
            return NoContent();
        }
    }
}

1.4.3 添加Command和Handler

1. Command

• 添加UpdateUserDetailsCommand.cs文件，表示需要更新需要传递的属性

using MediatR;

namespace Restaurants.Application.Users.Commands.UpdateUserDetials
{
    public class UpdateUserDetailsCommand : IRequest
    {
        public DateOnly? DateOfBirth { get; set; }
        public string? Nationality { get; set; }
        public UpdateUserDetailsCommand(DateOnly dateOfBirth, string nationality)
        {
            DateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
            Nationality = nationality;
        }
    }
}

2. handler

• 创建UpdateUserDetailsCommandHandler.cs 需要注意的是：
  1. 获取的是private readonly IUserStore<User> userStore;服务；
  2. 从IUserStore<User> userStore里获取当前登录的用户信息；

using MediatR;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Restaurants.Domain.Entities;
using Restaurants.Domain.Exceptions;

namespace Restaurants.Application.Users.Commands.UpdateUserDetials
{
    public class UpdateUserDetailsCommandHandler : IRequestHandler<UpdateUserDetailsCommand>
    {
        private readonly ILogger<UpdateUserDetailsCommandHandler> logger;
        private readonly IUserContext userContext;
        //是 ASP.NET Core Identity 提供的一个接口，定义了用于管理用户实体的基础存储操作。它是实现用户数据存储和管理的核心接口之一
        private readonly IUserStore<User> userStore;

        public UpdateUserDetailsCommandHandler
        (
            ILogger<UpdateUserDetailsCommandHandler> logger,
            IUserContext userContext,
            IUserStore<User> userStore
        )
        {
            this.logger = logger;
            this.userContext = userContext;
            this.userStore = userStore;
        }

        public async Task Handle(UpdateUserDetailsCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            logger.LogInformation("Update user details command handler");
            //1.获取当前用户
            var user = userContext.GetCurrentUser();
            //2.根据用户Id查找用户
            var dbUser = await userStore.FindByIdAsync(user!.Id, cancellationToken);

            if (dbUser == null)
            {
                throw new NotFoundException("User not found");
            }
            //3.更新用户信息
            dbUser.DateOfBirth = request.DateOfBirth;
            dbUser.Nationality = request.Nationality;

            //4.更新数据库
            await userStore.UpdateAsync(dbUser, cancellationToken);
        }
    }
}

二、Authorization（授权）

回答“回答的是“你能做什么”的问题”

2.1 添加角色

1. 在餐厅系统里，我们需要添加三个不同的角色：用户，餐厅老板，以及管理员

• 在Domain里创建Constants文件夹存放常量

2. 将三个角色通过Seed添加到dbo.AspNetRoles表里

3. 添加成功后，

4. 通过注册接口，将三个角色注册https://localhost:7044/api/identity/register

{
    "email":"user1@test.com",
    "password":"Password1!"
}

5. 给每个用户分配权限在AspNetUserRoles表，手动插入

  insert into AspNetUserRoles
  (UserId,RoleId)
  VALUES
  ('aa18d542-ec4c-4d53-a709-f087a0218ee9','23fa674e-405b-4c5d-928f-d2aa3bfdd9f6'),
    ('30ad7ebe-6fb6-45fc-9ca4-d09c83df78e8','f7df975a-48dc-44b9-b047-619528fea585'),
      ('6cd69086-109f-4071-bc10-b528056a76f0','7bc860f9-b469-4df1-bc3f-ac7e1a459681')

2.2 根据角色分配功能

2.1.1 简单的授权

1. 创建CreateRestaurant控制器上分配，只有Owner权限的人才可以访问该Api

2. 登录之后，创建一个restaurants，发送请求

{
      "Name": "Tasty Tests3",
      "Description": "A cozy restaurant serving a variety of delicious dishes.",
      "Category": "Indian",
      "HasDelivery": true,
      "ContactEmail": "info@test.com",
      "ContactNumber": "555-1234",
      "City": "New York",
      "Street": "123 Main Street",
      "PostalCode": "10-010"
}

3. 此时，还是403，因为我们没有给服务添加Roles的给功能，在Infrastructure/Extensions/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs里，注册服务
   

2.3 添加权限用户的api

2.3.1 添加管理用户的controller

``

    [HttpPost("userRole")]
    [Authorize(Roles = UserRoles.Admin)]
    public async Task<IActionResult> AssignUserRole(AssignUserRoleCommand command)
    {
        await mediator.Send(command);
        return NoContent();
    }

2.3.2 添加Command 和Handler

1. Command

AssignUserRoleCommand.cs

using MediatR;
namespace Restaurants.Application.Users.Commands.AssignUserRole;
public class AssignUserRoleCommand : IRequest
{
    public string UserEmail { get; set; } = default!;
    public string RoleName { get; set; } = default!;
}

2.Handler

AssignUserRoleCommandHandler.cs

using MediatR;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Restaurants.Domain.Entities;
using Restaurants.Domain.Exceptions;
namespace Restaurants.Application.Users.Commands.AssignUserRole;
public class AssignUserRoleCommandHandler(ILogger<AssignUserRoleCommandHandler> logger,
    UserManager<User> userManager,
    RoleManager<IdentityRole> roleManager) : IRequestHandler<AssignUserRoleCommand>
{
    public async Task Handle(AssignUserRoleCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        logger.LogInformation("Assigning user role: {@Request}", request);
        var user = await userManager.FindByEmailAsync(request.UserEmail)
            ?? throw new NotFoundException(nameof(User), request.UserEmail);
        var role = await roleManager.FindByNameAsync(request.RoleName)
            ?? throw new NotFoundException(nameof(IdentityRole), request.RoleName);
        await userManager.AddToRoleAsync(user, role.Name!);
    }
}

2.4 删除权限

2.4.1 删除权限的Controller

• Restaurants.API/Controllers/IdentityController.cs

    [HttpDelete("userRole")]
    [Authorize(Roles = UserRoles.Admin)]
    public async Task<IActionResult> UnassignUserRole(UnassignUserRoleCommand command)
    {
        await mediator.Send(command);
        return NoContent();
    }

2.4.2 Command和Handler

1. Command

• Restaurants.Application/Users/Commands/UnassignUserRole/UnassignUserRoleCommand.cs

using MediatR;
namespace Restaurants.Application.Users.Commands.UnassignUserRole;
public class UnassignUserRoleCommand : IRequest
{
    public string UserEmail { get; set; } = default!;
    public string RoleName { get; set; } = default!;
}

2. Handler

• Restaurants.Application/Users/Commands/UnassignUserRole/UnassignUserRoleCommandHandler.cs

using MediatR;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Restaurants.Application.Users.Commands.AssignUserRole;
using Restaurants.Domain.Entities;
using Restaurants.Domain.Exceptions;
namespace Restaurants.Application.Users.Commands.UnassignUserRole;
public class UnassignUserRoleCommandHandler(ILogger<UnassignUserRoleCommandHandler> logger,
    UserManager<User> userManager,
    RoleManager<IdentityRole> roleManager) : IRequestHandler<UnassignUserRoleCommand>
{
    public async Task Handle(UnassignUserRoleCommand request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        logger.LogInformation("Unassigning user role: {@Request}", request);
        var user = await userManager.FindByEmailAsync(request.UserEmail)
            ?? throw new NotFoundException(nameof(User), request.UserEmail);
        var role = await roleManager.FindByNameAsync(request.RoleName)
            ?? throw new NotFoundException(nameof(IdentityRole), request.RoleName);
        await userManager.RemoveFromRoleAsync(user, role.Name!);
    }
}