Selenium 浏览器驱动代理 - 无需下载本地浏览器驱动镜像！（Python 版本！）

概述

传统频繁下载对应浏览器驱动镜像的烦恼

当我们使用selenium 浏览器驱动的时候，我们常用做法就是，针对不同的浏览器下载不同的镜像版本，然后再安装到 python 安装目录下，然后再进行浏览器访问；这样做的缺点在于：

当浏览器更新版本时候，你需要同步更新对应的浏览器驱动镜像，频繁维护
浏览器镜像源地址不稳定，有时候找不到对应的浏览器驱动镜像源头，下载缓慢

那么有没有一种方法，我不用频繁的安装对应的驱动，找镜像源，让第三方代理，我只需要写少量的代码即可，让它自动的去下载我对应的浏览器版本的驱动？

有的！ 就是 webdriver_manager 这个第三方库！

webdriver_manager 驱动代理

当涉及到自动更新浏览器驱动时，Python提供了一些库来帮助实现这个功能。其中一个流行的库是webdriver_manager，它可以自动下载和更新浏览器驱动。

地址：驱动代理下载官网地址

For now support:

• ChromeDriver
• GeckoDriver
• IEDriver
• OperaDriver
• EdgeChromiumDriver

Compatible with Selenium 4.x and below.

Before: You need to download the chromedriver binary, unzip it somewhere on your PC and set the path to this driver like this:

from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/home/user/drivers/chromedriver')

It’s boring!!! Moreover, every time a new version of the driver is released, you need to repeat all these steps again and again.

With webdriver manager, you just need to do two simple steps:

安装方式

pip install webdriver-manager

具体使用方法

Use with Chrome

# selenium 3
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())

# selenium 4
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install()))

Use with Chromium

# selenium 3
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from webdriver_manager.core.os_manager import ChromeType

driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager(chrome_type=ChromeType.CHROMIUM).install())

# selenium 4
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromiumService
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from webdriver_manager.core.os_manager import ChromeType

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromiumService(ChromeDriverManager(chrome_type=ChromeType.CHROMIUM).install()))

Use with Brave

# selenium 3
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from webdriver_manager.core.os_manager import ChromeType

driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager(chrome_type=ChromeType.BRAVE).install())

# selenium 4
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as BraveService
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from webdriver_manager.core.os_manager import ChromeType

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=BraveService(ChromeDriverManager(chrome_type=ChromeType.BRAVE).install()))

Use with Edge

# selenium 3
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.microsoft import EdgeChromiumDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Edge(EdgeChromiumDriverManager().install())

# selenium 4
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.edge.service import Service as EdgeService
from webdriver_manager.microsoft import EdgeChromiumDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Edge(service=EdgeService(EdgeChromiumDriverManager().install()))

Use with Firefox

# selenium 3
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=GeckoDriverManager().install())

# selenium 4
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service as FirefoxService
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=FirefoxService(GeckoDriverManager().install()))

Use with IE

# selenium 3
from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.microsoft import IEDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Ie(IEDriverManager().install())

# selenium 4
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.ie.service import Service as IEService
from webdriver_manager.microsoft import IEDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Ie(service=IEService(IEDriverManager().install()))

Use with Opera

# selenium 3
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome import service
from webdriver_manager.opera import OperaDriverManager

webdriver_service = service.Service(OperaDriverManager().install())
webdriver_service.start()

driver = webdriver.Remote(webdriver_service.service_url, webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.OPERA)

# selenium 4
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome import service
from webdriver_manager.opera import OperaDriverManager

webdriver_service = service.Service(OperaDriverManager().install())
webdriver_service.start()

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option('w3c', True)

driver = webdriver.Remote(webdriver_service.service_url, options=options)

If the Opera browser is installed in a location other than C:/Program Files or C:/Program Files (x86) on Windows and /usr/bin/opera for all unix variants and mac, then use the below code,

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.binary_location = "path/to/opera.exe"
driver = webdriver.Remote(webdriver_service.service_url, options=options)

最佳实践方式

假设我们创建了一个 WebDriverUtil工具类，使用浏览器为谷歌浏览器，那么你就可以在你的WebDriverUtil中如下写法：

import logging
import os

import emoji
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from api import SYSTEM_URL



class WebDriverUtil:

    _driver = None

    """
    This is a method about get WebDriver.

    """

    @classmethod
    def get_driver(cls):
        if cls._driver is None:
            logging.info(emoji.emojize(":gear:  启动自动化测试", language="alias"))
            logging.info(emoji.emojize(":hourglass:  正在初始化驱动环境...", language="alias"))
            # 在这里使用 浏览器驱动对象代理
            cls._driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install()))
            logging.info(emoji.emojize(":sparkles: :sparkles: :sparkles: :sparkles: :sparkles:  浏览器驱动加载完成!", language="alias"))
            logging.info(emoji.emojize(":hourglass:  开始访问目标链接...", language="alias"))
            cls._driver.maximize_window()
            # Get access path
            cls._driver.get(SYSTEM_URL)
        return cls._driver

    """
    This is a method about quit WebDriver.
    """

    @classmethod
    def quit_driver(cls):
        if cls._driver is not None:
            cls.get_driver().quit()
            cls._driver = None