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Delphi+SQL Server实现的（GUI）户籍管理系统

article 2025/1/11 4:19:30

1.项目简介

  本项目是一个户籍管理系统，用于记录住户身份信息，提供新户登记（增加）、户籍变更（修改）、户籍注销（删除）、户籍查询、曾用名查询、迁户记录查询以及创建备份、删除备份共8个功能。

1.1. 软件环境与开发工具

  • 操作系统：Windows 10 Home China 1809 17763
  • 数据库：SQL Server Express 2017
  • 集成开发环境：Embarcadero Delphi Architect 10.3

2. 数据库设计

2.1. 概要结构设计

  数据库Manager共包括以下3张表：

表名

说明

People

存储用户信息，是程序的核心表

Rename

存储用户改名记录，作为曾用名表

Move

存储用户的住址变更记录，作为户籍变更历史

Controller

存储系统管理员账户信息

2.2. 数据表结构分析

  4张数据表的字段分别列举如下：

字段名

含义

类型

Name

姓名

NVARCHAR(10)

Sex

性别

NCHAR(2)

ID_Num

身份证号（主键）

CHAR(18)

Address

户籍地址

NVARCHAR(100)

Tel_No

联系方式

NUMERIC(12, 0)

Date

更新时间

DATETIME

字段名

含义

类型

ID_Num

身份证号（主键）

CHAR(18)

Old_Name

曾用名

CHAR(10)

Date

改名时间（升序索引）

DATETIME

字段名

含义

类型

ID_Num

身份证号（主键）

CHAR(18)

Address

曾用户籍地

NVARCHAR(100)

Date

迁户时间（升序索引）

DATETIME

字段名

含义

类型

Username

用户名（主键）

NCHAR(10)

Alias

别名

NCHAR(10)

Password

密码

VARBINARY(128)

2.3建表语句

USE [Manager]
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Rename', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'FK_Rename_People'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'CK_Tel_Limit'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'CK_Sex_Limit'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'CK_ID_Limit'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Date'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Tel_No'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Address'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ID_Num'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Sex'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Name'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Move', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'FK_Move_People'
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People] DROP CONSTRAINT [CK_Tel_Limit]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People] DROP CONSTRAINT [CK_Sex_Limit]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People] DROP CONSTRAINT [CK_ID_Limit]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Rename] DROP CONSTRAINT [FK_Rename_People]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People] DROP CONSTRAINT [FK_People_People]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Move] DROP CONSTRAINT [FK_Move_People]
GO
/****** Object:  Index [IX_Rename_1]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
DROP INDEX [IX_Rename_1] ON [dbo].[Rename]
GO
/****** Object:  Index [IX_Rename]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
DROP INDEX [IX_Rename] ON [dbo].[Rename]
GO
/****** Object:  Index [IX_Move_1]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
DROP INDEX [IX_Move_1] ON [dbo].[Move]
GO
/****** Object:  Index [IX_Move]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
DROP INDEX [IX_Move] ON [dbo].[Move]
GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Rename]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
DROP TABLE [dbo].[Rename]
GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[People]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
DROP TABLE [dbo].[People]
GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Move]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
DROP TABLE [dbo].[Move]
GO
USE [master]
GO
/****** Object:  Database [Manager]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
DROP DATABASE [Manager]
GO
/****** Object:  Database [Manager]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
CREATE DATABASE [Manager] ON  PRIMARY 
( NAME = N'Citizens', FILENAME = N'D:\Program_Files_(x64)\Microsoft\SQL_Server_2017\Instances\MSSQL14.EXPRESS17\MSSQL\UserData\Citizens.mdf' , SIZE = 8192KB , MAXSIZE = 1048576KB , FILEGROWTH = 1%)
 LOG ON 
( NAME = N'Citizens_log', FILENAME = N'D:\Program_Files_(x64)\Microsoft\SQL_Server_2017\Instances\MSSQL14.EXPRESS17\MSSQL\UserData\Citizens_log.ldf' , SIZE = 8192KB , MAXSIZE = 1048576KB , FILEGROWTH = 1%)
GO
IF (1 = FULLTEXTSERVICEPROPERTY('IsFullTextInstalled'))
begin
EXEC [Manager].[dbo].[sp_fulltext_database] @action = 'enable'
end
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET ANSI_NULL_DEFAULT OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET ANSI_NULLS OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET ANSI_PADDING OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET ANSI_WARNINGS OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET ARITHABORT OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET AUTO_CLOSE ON 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET AUTO_SHRINK OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS ON 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET CURSOR_CLOSE_ON_COMMIT OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET CURSOR_DEFAULT  GLOBAL 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET  DISABLE_BROKER 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS_ASYNC OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET DATE_CORRELATION_OPTIMIZATION OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET TRUSTWORTHY OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET PARAMETERIZATION SIMPLE 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET HONOR_BROKER_PRIORITY OFF 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET RECOVERY SIMPLE 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET  MULTI_USER 
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET PAGE_VERIFY CHECKSUM  
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET DB_CHAINING OFF 
GO
USE [Manager]
GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Move]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Move](
	[ID_Num] [char](18) NOT NULL,
	[Address] [nvarchar](100) NOT NULL,
	[Date] [datetime] NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[People]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[People](
	[Name] [nvarchar](10) NOT NULL,
	[Sex] [nchar](2) NOT NULL,
	[ID_Num] [char](18) NOT NULL,
	[Address] [nvarchar](100) NOT NULL,
	[Tel_No] [numeric](12, 0) NOT NULL,
	[Date] [datetime] NOT NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_People] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
	[ID_Num] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Rename]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Rename](
	[ID_Num] [char](18) NOT NULL,
	[Old_Name] [char](10) NOT NULL,
	[Date] [datetime] NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
INSERT [dbo].[Move] ([ID_Num], [Address], [Date]) VALUES (N'440101200101010101', N'北京市', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:14:47.990' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Move] ([ID_Num], [Address], [Date]) VALUES (N'440111201111111111', N'上海', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:34:22.500' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Move] ([ID_Num], [Address], [Date]) VALUES (N'440111201111111111', N'杭州', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:35:12.933' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Move] ([ID_Num], [Address], [Date]) VALUES (N'440111201111111111', N'杭州', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:35:44.370' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[People] ([Name], [Sex], [ID_Num], [Address], [Tel_No], [Date]) VALUES (N'John', N'男 ', N'440101200101010101', N'北京市', CAST(13333333333 AS Numeric(12, 0)), CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:23:28.633' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[People] ([Name], [Sex], [ID_Num], [Address], [Tel_No], [Date]) VALUES (N'Ben', N'男 ', N'440111201111111111', N'杭州', CAST(13333333333 AS Numeric(12, 0)), CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:35:44.367' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Rename] ([ID_Num], [Old_Name], [Date]) VALUES (N'440101200101010101', N'Alice     ', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:08:35.767' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Rename] ([ID_Num], [Old_Name], [Date]) VALUES (N'440101200101010101', N'Alice     ', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:14:47.987' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Rename] ([ID_Num], [Old_Name], [Date]) VALUES (N'440101200101010101', N'Cindarela ', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:15:07.933' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Rename] ([ID_Num], [Old_Name], [Date]) VALUES (N'440101200101010101', N'Alice     ', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:18:24.390' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Rename] ([ID_Num], [Old_Name], [Date]) VALUES (N'440101200101010101', N'Bob       ', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:19:22.057' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Rename] ([ID_Num], [Old_Name], [Date]) VALUES (N'440101200101010101', N'Ben       ', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:20:54.577' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Rename] ([ID_Num], [Old_Name], [Date]) VALUES (N'440101200101010101', N'John      ', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:23:28.633' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Rename] ([ID_Num], [Old_Name], [Date]) VALUES (N'440111201111111111', N'Alice     ', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:34:22.500' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Rename] ([ID_Num], [Old_Name], [Date]) VALUES (N'440111201111111111', N'Ben       ', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:35:12.930' AS DateTime))
INSERT [dbo].[Rename] ([ID_Num], [Old_Name], [Date]) VALUES (N'440111201111111111', N'Ben       ', CAST(N'2019-05-27T00:35:44.370' AS DateTime))
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
/****** Object:  Index [IX_Move]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_Move] ON [dbo].[Move]
(
	[ID_Num] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, DROP_EXISTING = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
/****** Object:  Index [IX_Move_1]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_Move_1] ON [dbo].[Move]
(
	[Date] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, DROP_EXISTING = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
/****** Object:  Index [IX_Rename]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_Rename] ON [dbo].[Rename]
(
	[ID_Num] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, DROP_EXISTING = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
/****** Object:  Index [IX_Rename_1]    Script Date: 2019/5/27 1:20:03 ******/
CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_Rename_1] ON [dbo].[Rename]
(
	[Date] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ON, DROP_EXISTING = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Move]  WITH CHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [FK_Move_People] FOREIGN KEY([ID_Num])
REFERENCES [dbo].[People] ([ID_Num])
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Move] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Move_People]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People]  WITH CHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [FK_People_People] FOREIGN KEY([ID_Num])
REFERENCES [dbo].[People] ([ID_Num])
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_People_People]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Rename]  WITH CHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [FK_Rename_People] FOREIGN KEY([ID_Num])
REFERENCES [dbo].[People] ([ID_Num])
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Rename] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Rename_People]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People]  WITH CHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [CK_ID_Limit] CHECK  ((len([ID_Num])=(15) OR len([ID_Num])=(18)))
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People] CHECK CONSTRAINT [CK_ID_Limit]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People]  WITH CHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [CK_Sex_Limit] CHECK  (([Sex]='男' OR [Sex]='女'))
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People] CHECK CONSTRAINT [CK_Sex_Limit]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People]  WITH CHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [CK_Tel_Limit] CHECK  ((len([Tel_No])>=(10) AND len([Tel_No])<=(12)))
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[People] CHECK CONSTRAINT [CK_Tel_Limit]
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'身份证绑定' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Move', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'FK_Move_People'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'姓名' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Name'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'性别' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Sex'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'身份证号' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ID_Num'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'家庭住址' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Address'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'联系方式' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Tel_No'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'户籍变更时间' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Date'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'限制身份证长度' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'CK_ID_Limit'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'限制性别取值' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'CK_Sex_Limit'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'限制号码长度' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'People', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'CK_Tel_Limit'
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'身份证号关联' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'Rename', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'FK_Rename_People'
GO
USE [master]
GO
ALTER DATABASE [Manager] SET  READ_WRITE 
GO

3.系统实现

3.1登录业务

object Form1: TForm1
  Left = 0
  Top = 0
  BorderStyle = bsDialog
  Caption = #30331#24405#35748#35777
  ClientHeight = 329
  ClientWidth = 457
  Color = clBtnFace
  Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
  Font.Color = clWindowText
  Font.Height = -11
  Font.Name = 'Tahoma'
  Font.Style = []
  OldCreateOrder = False
  Position = poScreenCenter
  Visible = True
  PixelsPerInch = 96
  TextHeight = 13
  object GridPanel1: TGridPanel
    Left = 100
    Top = 135
    Width = 257
    Height = 59
    Align = alClient
    BevelOuter = bvNone
    Caption = 'GridPanel1'
    ColumnCollection = <
      item
        Value = 29.999999999999990000
      end
      item
        Value = 70.000000000000010000
      end>
    ControlCollection = <
      item
        Column = 0
        Control = Label1
        Row = 0
      end
      item
        Column = 1
        Control = Edit1
        Row = 0
      end
      item
        Column = 0
        Control = Label2
        Row = 1
      end
      item
        Column = 1
        Control = Edit2
        Row = 1
      end>
    RowCollection = <
      item
        Value = 49.999999999999990000
      end
      item
        Value = 50.000000000000020000
      end>
    ShowCaption = False
    TabOrder = 0
    ExplicitWidth = 254
    object Label1: TLabel
      Left = 0
      Top = 0
      Width = 77
      Height = 29
      Align = alClient
      Caption = #29992#25143#21517#65306
      Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
      Font.Color = clWindowText
      Font.Height = -19
      Font.Name = #23435#20307
      Font.Style = []
      ParentFont = False
      ExplicitLeft = 51
      ExplicitTop = 1
      ExplicitWidth = 76
      ExplicitHeight = 19
    end
    object Edit1: TEdit
      Left = 77
      Top = 0
      Width = 180
      Height = 29
      Align = alClient
      Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
      Font.Color = clWindowText
      Font.Height = -19
      Font.Name = #23435#20307
      Font.Style = []
      ParentFont = False
      TabOrder = 0
      ExplicitLeft = 127
      ExplicitTop = 1
      ExplicitWidth = 126
      ExplicitHeight = 27
    end
    object Label2: TLabel
      Left = 0
      Top = 29
      Width = 77
      Height = 30
      Align = alClient
      Caption = #23494#30721#65306
      Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
      Font.Color = clWindowText
      Font.Height = -19
      Font.Name = #23435#20307
      Font.Style = []
      ParentFont = False
      ExplicitLeft = 70
      ExplicitWidth = 57
      ExplicitHeight = 19
    end
    object Edit2: TEdit
      Left = 77
      Top = 29
      Width = 180
      Height = 30
      Align = alClient
      Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
      Font.Color = clWindowText
      Font.Height = -19
      Font.Name = #23435#20307
      Font.Style = []
      ParentFont = False
      PasswordChar = '*'
      TabOrder = 1
      ExplicitLeft = 127
      ExplicitWidth = 126
      ExplicitHeight = 27
    end
  end
  object Panel1: TPanel
    Left = 0
    Top = 0
    Width = 457
    Height = 135
    Align = alTop
    BevelOuter = bvNone
    Caption = 'Panel1'
    ShowCaption = False
    TabOrder = 1
    ExplicitWidth = 454
    object Label3: TLabel
      Left = 0
      Top = 50
      Width = 457
      Height = 35
      Align = alClient
      Alignment = taCenter
      Caption = #36890#29992#25143#31821#31649#29702#31995#32479
      Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
      Font.Color = clWindowText
      Font.Height = -27
      Font.Name = #38582#20070
      Font.Style = []
      ParentFont = False
      ExplicitWidth = 224
      ExplicitHeight = 27
    end
    object Panel5: TPanel
      Left = 0
      Top = 0
      Width = 457
      Height = 50
      Align = alTop
      BevelOuter = bvNone
      Caption = 'Panel5'
      ShowCaption = False
      TabOrder = 0
      ExplicitWidth = 454
    end
    object Panel7: TPanel
      Left = 0
      Top = 85
      Width = 457
      Height = 50
      Align = alBottom
      BevelOuter = bvNone
      Caption = 'Panel7'
      ShowCaption = False
      TabOrder = 1
      ExplicitTop = 91
    end
  end
  object Panel2: TPanel
    Left = 0
    Top = 194
    Width = 457
    Height = 135
    Align = alBottom
    BevelEdges = []
    BevelOuter = bvNone
    Caption = 'Panel2'
    ShowCaption = False
    TabOrder = 2
    ExplicitTop = 199
    ExplicitWidth = 454
    object Panel6: TPanel
      Left = 0
      Top = 0
      Width = 150
      Height = 25
      Align = alLeft
      BevelOuter = bvNone
      Caption = 'Panel6'
      ShowCaption = False
      TabOrder = 0
      ExplicitHeight = 40
    end
    object Panel8: TPanel
      Left = 307
      Top = 0
      Width = 150
      Height = 25
      Align = alRight
      BevelOuter = bvNone
      Caption = 'Panel8'
      ShowCaption = False
      TabOrder = 1
      ExplicitLeft = 322
      ExplicitHeight = 40
    end
    object Panel9: TPanel
      Left = 0
      Top = 25
      Width = 457
      Height = 110
      Align = alBottom
      BevelOuter = bvNone
      Caption = 'Panel9'
      ShowCaption = False
      TabOrder = 2
      ExplicitTop = 30
    end
    object GridPanel2: TGridPanel
      Left = 150
      Top = 0
      Width = 157
      Height = 25
      Align = alClient
      BevelOuter = bvNone
      Caption = 'GridPanel2'
      ColumnCollection = <
        item
          Value = 50.000000000000000000
        end
        item
          Value = 50.000000000000000000
        end>
      ControlCollection = <
        item
          Column = 0
          Control = Button1
          Row = 0
        end
        item
          Column = 1
          Control = Button2
          Row = 0
        end>
      RowCollection = <
        item
          Value = 100.000000000000000000
        end>
      ShowCaption = False
      TabOrder = 3
      ExplicitLeft = 136
      ExplicitTop = 48
      ExplicitWidth = 185
      ExplicitHeight = 41
      DesignSize = (
        157
        25)
      object Button1: TButton
        Left = 0
        Top = 0
        Width = 78
        Height = 25
        Align = alClient
        Caption = #30331#24405
        Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
        Font.Color = clWindowText
        Font.Height = -19
        Font.Name = #23435#20307
        Font.Style = []
        ParentFont = False
        TabOrder = 0
        OnClick = Button1Click
        ExplicitLeft = 40
        ExplicitWidth = 75
      end
      object Button2: TButton
        Left = 80
        Top = 0
        Width = 75
        Height = 25
        Anchors = []
        Caption = #21462#28040
        Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
        Font.Color = clWindowText
        Font.Height = -19
        Font.Name = #23435#20307
        Font.Style = []
        ParentFont = False
        TabOrder = 1
        OnClick = Button2Click
        ExplicitLeft = 40
      end
    end
  end
  object Panel3: TPanel
    Left = 0
    Top = 135
    Width = 100
    Height = 59
    Align = alLeft
    BevelEdges = []
    BevelOuter = bvNone
    Caption = 'Panel3'
    ShowCaption = False
    TabOrder = 3
  end
  object Panel4: TPanel
    Left = 357
    Top = 135
    Width = 100
    Height = 59
    Align = alRight
    BevelOuter = bvNone
    Caption = 'Panel4'
    ShowCaption = False
    TabOrder = 4
    ExplicitLeft = 354
  end
  object ADOQuery1: TADOQuery
    Connection = DataModule1.ADOConnection1
    Parameters = <>
    Left = 24
    Top = 264
  end
end
unit Login;

interface

uses
  Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
  Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls, Vcl.ExtCtrls, Data.DB,
  Data.Win.ADODB;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    GridPanel1: TGridPanel;
    Label1: TLabel;
    Panel1: TPanel;
    Panel2: TPanel;
    Edit1: TEdit;
    Panel3: TPanel;
    Panel4: TPanel;
    Label2: TLabel;
    Edit2: TEdit;
    Panel5: TPanel;
    Panel7: TPanel;
    Label3: TLabel;
    Panel6: TPanel;
    Panel8: TPanel;
    Panel9: TPanel;
    GridPanel2: TGridPanel;
    Button1: TButton;
    Button2: TButton;
    ADOQuery1: TADOQuery;
    procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation
  uses Main, Connect;

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  // 判断用户名或密码为空
  if (Edit1.Text = '') then
  begin
    showMessage('错误：用户名不能为空！');
    Edit1.SetFocus;
  end
  else
  begin
    ADOQuery1.Close;
    ADOQuery1.SQL.Clear;
    // 尝试登录
    ADOQuery1.SQL.Add(
      'SELECT ''TRUE'' AS [Authorized], [Alias], [Username] FROM [Controller] WHERE [Username] = '
      + '''' + Edit1.Text + ''' AND [Password] = HASHBYTES(''MD5'', ''' +
      Edit2.Text + ''')'
    );
    ADOQuery1.Open;
    // 如果登陆成功
    if (ADOQuery1.FieldByName('Authorized').AsString = 'TRUE') then
    begin
      // 用户是否有别名？
      if (ADOQuery1.FieldByName('Alias').AsString <> '') then
      begin
        Form2.Label1.Caption := '欢迎您，' + trim(ADOQuery1.FieldByName('Alias').AsString)
          + '！';
      end
      // 否则，显示用户名
      else
      begin
        Form2.Label1.Caption := '欢迎您，' + trim(ADOQuery1.FieldByName('Username').AsString)
          + '！';
      end;
      Form1.Hide;
      Form2.Show;
    end
    else
    begin
      showMessage('错误：用户名或密码错误！');
    end;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Edit1.Text := '';
  Edit2.Text := '';
end;

end.

3.2主启动类

unit Main;

interface

uses
  Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
  Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.Menus, Vcl.StdCtrls,
  Vcl.Imaging.jpeg, Vcl.ExtCtrls;

type
  TForm2 = class(TForm)
    MainMenu1: TMainMenu;
    F1: TMenuItem;
    Q1: TMenuItem;
    M1: TMenuItem;
    A1: TMenuItem;
    G1: TMenuItem;
    N1: TMenuItem;
    M2: TMenuItem;
    Image1: TImage;
    Label1: TLabel;
    N2: TMenuItem;
    N3: TMenuItem;
    B1: TMenuItem;
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
    procedure Q1Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
    procedure G1Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure A1Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure N1Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure M2Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure N3Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure N5Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure B1Click(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form2: TForm2;

implementation
  uses Login, Edit, Rename, Move, About, Backup, Connect;

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm2.A1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Form4.Show;
end;

procedure TForm2.B1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Form7.Show;
  Form7.FileListBox1.Directory := 'D:\Program_Files_(x64)\Git\Repos\Delphi_Design\bak';
  Form7.FileListBox1.Update;
end;

procedure TForm2.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
begin
  Form1.Close;
end;

procedure TForm2.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Form2.Visible := False;
end;

procedure TForm2.G1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Form3.Show;
end;

procedure TForm2.M2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Form6.Show;
  Form6.ADOTable1.Close;
  Form6.ADOTable1.Open;
end;

procedure TForm2.N1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Form5.Show;
  Form5.ADOTable1.Close;
  Form5.ADOTable1.Open;
end;

procedure TForm2.N3Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Form2.Hide;
  Label1.Caption := '';
  Form1.Show;
  Form1.SetFocus;
end;

procedure TForm2.N5Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Form7.Show;
  DataModule1.ADOConnection1.Close;
  Form7.FileListBox1.Directory := 'D:\Program_Files_(x64)\Git\Repos\Delphi_Design\bak';
  Form7.FileListBox1.Update;
end;

procedure TForm2.Q1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Form1.Close;
end;

end.

3.3部分代码

unit Rename;

interface

uses
  Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
  Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Data.DB, Data.Win.ADODB, Vcl.Grids,
  Vcl.DBGrids;

type
  TForm5 = class(TForm)
    ADOTable1: TADOTable;
    DBGrid1: TDBGrid;
    DataSource1: TDataSource;
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form5: TForm5;

implementation
  uses Connect;

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm5.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
  ADOTable1.Active := True;
end;

end.

4. 系统设计与实现

5. 结论与尚存在的问题

  以下是本项目仍然存在的问题：

  1. 用户查询功能存在缺陷，无法在DBGrid中显示ADOQuery的查询结果；
  2. 数据库无法从*.bak文件中恢复。

6. 个人总结

  项目由可视化集成开发环境（快速应用程序开发工具）制作而成，对比于C/C++ MFC/QT、Java Swing/SWT、Python TKinter，Delphi具有方便、快捷的优势，在界面布局方面节省了大量的时间。但在另一方面，仍有个别功能只能通过编写代码实现，大量由Delphi自动生成的Object-Pascal代码使得项目维护难度提高。

  本次开发工作存在较大的失误，项目分工错误让我基本承担所有工作。此外项目的开工时间极度延后，导致工期不足，甚至无法完成基本功能。

  通过此次开发的教训，在后续课程设计乃至今后的生产环境开发都要提前估计工作量与工期，合理安排开发进度，杜绝临时赶工的行为。

7. 项目用法

  由于项目需要连接数据库程序，而不同设备的数据库配置可能存在差异，有别于直接连接到库文件的Microsoft Office Access、SQLite。由我使用Windows-32bit Release模式编译发布的可执行程序并不通用，所以请根据以下步骤编译运行：

  1. 项目提供了Citizens_log.ldf数据库日志文件和Citizens.mdf数据库主文件，这2个文件仅支持Microsoft SQL Server 2017及以上版本数据库的附加。对于之前的版本，项目额外提供了script.sql以实现数据库导入工作，此脚本最低兼容SQL Server 2008。脚本仅涉及架构，没有任何数据。如有测试需要，请在运行此脚本生成数据库后自行添加备用数据。
  2. 使用Delphi打开代码库中的Manager.dproj，定位至Connect.pas文件的窗体设计视图。
  3. 修改ADOConnection1控件的ConnectionString属性，点击Build选项，在数据库连接向导切换为您设备的配置（包括驱动程序、服务器名、登陆账号及密码、数据库名）。
  4. 定位至Backup.pas文件的窗体设计视图，同样地修改ADOQuery1控件的ConnectionString属性。
  5. 定位至Edit.pas、Move.pas、Rename.pas，重新激活各个页面的ADOTable1，确认DBGrid能够正常显示数据库的内容。
  6. 以上，即可正常编译运行。

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