java实现Http请求方式的几种常见方式
背景
在实际开发过程中，我们经常需要调用对方提供的接口或测试自己写的接口是否合适。很多项目都会封装规定好本身项目的接口规范，所以大多数需要去调用对方提供的接口或第三方接口（短信、天气等）。若是普通java工程推荐使用OkHttpClient，若是spring工程推荐使用RestTemplate。，若是springcloud微服务可以用openFeign或Dubbo
在Java项目中调用第三方接口的方式有：
1、通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection；
2、通过common封装好的HttpClient；
3、通过Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient；
4、通过SpringBoot-RestTemplate；
5、通过Feign服务调用
一、Java调用第三方http接口几种方式总结
1. 通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection
比较原始的一种调用做法，这里把get请求和post请求都统一放在一个方法里面。
实现过程：
GET:
1、创建远程连接
2、设置连接方式（get、post、put。。。）
3、设置连接超时时间
4、设置响应读取时间
5、发起请求
6、获取请求数据
7、关闭连接
POST:
1、创建远程连接
2、设置连接方式（get、post、put。。。）
3、设置连接超时时间
4、设置响应读取时间
5、当向远程服务器传送数据/写数据时，需要设置为true（setDoOutput）
6、当前向远程服务读取数据时，设置为true，该参数可有可无（setDoInput）
7、设置传入参数的格式:（setRequestProperty）
8、设置鉴权信息：Authorization:（setRequestProperty）
9、设置参数
10、发起请求
11、获取请求数据
12、关闭连接
直接上代码：
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class HttpURLConnectionUtil {
/**
* Http get请求
* @param httpUrl 连接
* @return 响应数据
*/
public static String doGet(String httpUrl){
//链接
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
InputStream is = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
try {
//创建连接
URL url = new URL(httpUrl);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//设置请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
//设置连接超时时间
connection.setReadTimeout(15000);
//开始连接
connection.connect();
//获取响应数据
if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
//获取返回的数据
is = connection.getInputStream();
if (null != is) {
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
String temp = null;
while (null != (temp = br.readLine())) {
result.append(temp);
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != br) {
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != is) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭远程连接
connection.disconnect();
}
return result.toString();
}
/**
* Http post请求
* @param httpUrl 连接
* @param param 参数
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String httpUrl, @Nullable String param) {
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
//连接
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
OutputStream os = null;
InputStream is = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
try {
//创建连接对象
URL url = new URL(httpUrl);
//创建连接
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//设置请求方法
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
//设置连接超时时间
connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
//设置读取超时时间
connection.setReadTimeout(15000);
//DoOutput设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，DoInput设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，此外发送post请求必须设置这两个
//设置是否可读取
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setDoInput(true);
//设置通用的请求属性
connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
//拼装参数
if (null != param && param.equals("")) {
//设置参数
os = connection.getOutputStream();
//拼装参数
os.write(param.getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
//设置权限
//设置请求头等
//开启连接
//connection.connect();
//读取响应
if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
is = connection.getInputStream();
if (null != is) {
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "GBK"));
String temp = null;
while (null != (temp = br.readLine())) {
result.append(temp);
result.append("\r\n");
}
}
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭连接
if(br!=null){
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭连接
connection.disconnect();
}
return result.toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String message = doPost("https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "");
System.out.println(message);
}
}运行结果：
2. 通过apache common封装好的HttpClient
httpClient的get或post请求方式步骤：
1.生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数；
2.生成一个GetMethod对象或PostMethod并设置响应的参数；
3.用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法；
4.处理响应状态码；
5.若响应正常，处理HTTP响应内容；
6.释放连接。
<!--HttpClient-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--fastjson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.32</version>
</dependency>import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @Author allen
* @Description TODO
* @Date 2023-10-18 18:25
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class HttpClientUtil {
/**
* httpClient的get请求方式
* 使用GetMethod来访问一个URL对应的网页实现步骤：
* 1.生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数；
* 2.生成一个GetMethod对象并设置响应的参数；
* 3.用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法；
* 4.处理响应状态码；
* 5.若响应正常，处理HTTP响应内容；
* 6.释放连接。
*
* @param url
* @param charset
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, String charset) {
//1.生成HttpClient对象并设置参数
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
//设置Http连接超时为5秒
httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);
//2.生成GetMethod对象并设置参数
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
//设置get请求超时为5秒
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);
//设置请求重试处理，用的是默认的重试处理：请求三次
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());
String response = "";
//3.执行HTTP GET 请求
try {
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
//4.判断访问的状态码
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
System.err.println("请求出错：" + getMethod.getStatusLine());
}
//5.处理HTTP响应内容
//HTTP响应头部信息，这里简单打印
Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();
for (Header h : headers) {
System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue());
}
//读取HTTP响应内容，这里简单打印网页内容
//读取为字节数组
byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
response = new String(responseBody, charset);
System.out.println("-----------response:" + response);
//读取为InputStream，在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用
//InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
} catch (HttpException e) {
//发生致命的异常，可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题
System.out.println("请检查输入的URL!");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
//发生网络异常
System.out.println("发生网络异常!");
} finally {
//6.释放连接
getMethod.releaseConnection();
}
return response;
}
/**
* post请求
*
* @param url
* @param json
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json) {
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");
postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive");
//设置json格式传送
postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=GBK");
//必须设置下面这个Header
postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
//添加请求参数
postMethod.addParameter("commentId", json.getString("commentId"));
String res = "";
try {
int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
if (code == 200) {
res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
System.out.println(res);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return res;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(doGet("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "GBK"));
System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");
System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");
System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("commentId", "13026194071");
System.out.println(doPost("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", jsonObject));
}
}3. 通过Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient
CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的基础上修改更新而来的，这里还涉及到请求头token的设置（请求验证），利用fastjson转换请求或返回结果字符串为json格式，当然上面两种方式也是可以设置请求头token、json的，这里只在下面说明。
导入如下jar包：
<!--CloseableHttpClient-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--fastjson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.32</version>
</dependency>import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @Author allen
* @Description TODO
* @Date 2023-10-18 18:31
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class CloseableHttpClientUtil {
private static String tokenString = "";
private static String AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED = "AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED";
private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
/**
* 以get方式调用第三方接口
* @param url
* @param token
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, String token) {
//创建HttpClient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
if (null != tokenString && !tokenString.equals("")) {
tokenString = getToken();
}
//api_gateway_auth_token自定义header头，用于token验证使用
httpGet.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token",tokenString);
httpGet.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
try {
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
//返回json格式
String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
return res;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 以post方式调用第三方接口
* @param url
* @param json
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json) {
if (null == httpClient) {
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
}
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
if (null != tokenString && tokenString.equals("")) {
tokenString = getToken();
}
//api_gateway_auth_token自定义header头，用于token验证使用
httpPost.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString);
httpPost.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
try {
StringEntity se = new StringEntity(json.toString());
se.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
//发送json数据需要设置contentType
se.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
//设置请求参数
httpPost.setEntity(se);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
//返回json格式
String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
return res;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (httpClient != null){
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 获取第三方接口的token
*/
public static String getToken() {
String token = "";
JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
object.put("appid", "appid");
object.put("secretkey", "secretkey");
if (null == httpClient) {
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
}
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost/login");
httpPost.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
try {
StringEntity se = new StringEntity(object.toString());
se.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
//发送json数据需要设置contentType
se.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
//设置请求参数
httpPost.setEntity(se);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
//这里可以把返回的结果按照自定义的返回数据结果，把string转换成自定义类
//ResultTokenBO result = JSONObject.parseObject(response, ResultTokenBO.class);
//把response转为jsonObject
JSONObject result = (JSONObject) JSONObject.parseObject(String.valueOf(response));
if (result.containsKey("token")) {
token = result.getString("token");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return token;
}
/**
* 测试
*/
public static void test(String telephone) {
JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
object.put("telephone", telephone);
//首先获取token
tokenString = getToken();
String response = doPost("http://localhost/searchUrl", object);
//如果返回的结果是list形式的，需要使用JSONObject.parseArray转换
//List<Result> list = JSONObject.parseArray(response, Result.class);
System.out.println(response);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test("12345678910");
}
}4. 通过SpringBoot-RestTemplate
springBoot-RestTemple是上面三种方式的集大成者，代码编写更加简单，目前可以采用的调用第三方接口有：
delete() 在特定的URL上对资源执行HTTP DELETE操作
exchange() 在URL上执行特定的HTTP方法，返回包含对象的ResponseEntity，这个对象是从响应体中映射得到的
execute() 在URL上执行特定的HTTP方法，返回一个从响应体映射得到的对象
getForEntity() 发送一个HTTP GET请求，返回的ResponseEntity包含了响应体所映射成的对象
getForObject() 发送一个HTTP GET请求，返回的请求体将映射为一个对象
postForEntity() POST 数据到一个URL，返回包含一个对象的ResponseEntity，这个对象是从响应体中映射得到的
postForObject() POST 数据到一个URL，返回根据响应体匹配形成的对象
headForHeaders() 发送HTTP HEAD请求，返回包含特定资源URL的HTTP头
optionsForAllow() 发送HTTP OPTIONS请求，返回对特定URL的Allow头信息
postForLocation() POST 数据到一个URL，返回新创建资源的URL
put() PUT 资源到特定的URL
首先导入springboot的web包
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<!--CloseableHttpClient-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring restTemplate-->
<!-- @ConfigurationProperties annotation processing (metadata for IDEs)
生成spring-configuration-metadata.json类，需要引入此类-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>在启动类同包下创建RestTemplateConfig.java类
import java.io.IOException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.ResponseErrorHandler;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
/**
* @Author allen
* @Description TODO
* @Date 2023-10-18 18:41
* @Version 1.0
*/
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
// 设置 http 超时时间
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory httpRequestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
// 获取链接超时时间
httpRequestFactory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(6000);
// 链接超时时间 6S
httpRequestFactory.setConnectTimeout(6000);
// 读取超时 6S
httpRequestFactory.setReadTimeout(6000);
template.setRequestFactory(httpRequestFactory);
// template.getInterceptors().add((request,body,execution) -> {
// final RequestAttributes requestAttributes=RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
// if(requestAttributes!=null&&requestAttributes instanceof ServletRequestAttributes){
// final HttpServletRequest servletRequest = ((ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes).getRequest();
// request.getHeaders().add("token", servletRequest.getHeader("token"));
// request.getHeaders().add("location", servletRequest.getHeader("location"));
// request.getHeaders().add("appId", servletRequest.getHeader("appId"));
// }
// return execution.execute(request, body);
// });
template.setErrorHandler(new ResponseErrorHandler() {
@Override
public boolean hasError(ClientHttpResponse response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("RestTemplateConfig------------------hasError");
return response.getRawStatusCode() >= 400;
}
@Override
public void handleError(ClientHttpResponse response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("RestTemplateConfig----------handleError--------异常");
String result = objectMapper.readValue(response.getBody(), String.class);
throw new RuntimeException(result);
}
});
// template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return template;
}
}
然后在Service类（RestTemplateToInterface ）中注入使用
具体代码如下：
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.swordfall.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class RestTemplateToInterface {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
/**
* 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForEntity
* @param url
* @return
*/
public User doGetWith1(String url){
ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.class);
User user = responseEntity.getBody();
return user;
}
/**
* 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForObject
* 返回值返回的是响应体，省去了我们再去getBody()
* @param url
* @return
*/
public User doGetWith2(String url){
User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
return user;
}
/**
* 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity
* @param url
* @return
*/
public String doPostWith1(String url){
User user = new User("小白", 20);
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class);
String body = responseEntity.getBody();
return body;
}
/**
* 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity
* @param url
* @return
*/
public String doPostWith2(String url){
User user = new User("小白", 20);
String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class);
return body;
}
/**
* exchange
* @return
*/
public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){
//header参数
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
String token = "asdfaf2322";
headers.add("authorization", token);
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
//放入body中的json参数
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
obj.put("age", age);
obj.put("name", name);
//组装
HttpEntity<JSONObject> request = new HttpEntity<>(obj, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);
String body = responseEntity.getBody();
return body;
}
}5 通过okhttp
应大家的响应，okhttp 现在也是蛮流行的，基于手机端很火，这里分享一下OkHttpClient客户端，业务代码get、post请求直接调用就好哈。
pom文件引入依赖包
<dependency>
<groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
<artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
<version>3.10.0</version>
</dependency>@Slf4j
public class OkHttpClient {
private static final MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
private volatile static okhttp3.OkHttpClient client;
private static final int MAX_IDLE_CONNECTION = Integer
.parseInt(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.max_idle_connection"));
private static final long KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION = Long
.parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.keep_alive_duration"));
private static final long CONNECT_TIMEOUT = Long.parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.connectTimeout"));
private static final long READ_TIMEOUT = Long.parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient. "));
/**
* 单例模式(双重检查模式) 获取类实例
*
* @return client
*/
private static okhttp3.OkHttpClient getInstance() {
if (client == null) {
synchronized (okhttp3.OkHttpClient.class) {
if (client == null) {
client = new okhttp3.OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(CONNECT_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.readTimeout(READ_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(MAX_IDLE_CONNECTION, KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION,
TimeUnit.MINUTES))
.build();
}
}
}
return client;
}
public static String syncPost(String url, String json) throws IOException {
RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(JSON, json);
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(body)
.build();
try {
Response response = OkHttpClient.getInstance().newCall(request).execute();
if (response.isSuccessful()) {
String result = response.body().string();
log.info("syncPost response = {}, responseBody= {}", response, result);
return result;
}
String result = response.body().string();
log.info("syncPost response = {}, responseBody= {}", response, result);
throw new IOException("三方接口返回http状态码为" + response.code());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("syncPost() url:{} have a ecxeption {}", url, e);
throw new RuntimeException("syncPost() have a ecxeption {}" + e.getMessage());
}
}
public static String syncGet(String url, Map<String, Object> headParamsMap) throws IOException {
Request request;
final Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder().url(url);
try {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headParamsMap)) {
final Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> iterator = headParamsMap.entrySet()
.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
final Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = iterator.next();
builder.addHeader(entry.getKey(), (String) entry.getValue());
}
}
request = builder.build();
Response response = OkHttpClient.getInstance().newCall(request).execute();
String result = response.body().string();
log.info("syncGet response = {},responseBody= {}", response, result);
if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
throw new IOException("三方接口返回http状态码为" + response.code());
}
return result;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("remote interface url:{} have a ecxeption {}", url, e);
throw new RuntimeException("三方接口返回异常");
}
}
}https://blog.csdn.net/qq_16504067/article/details/121114404
6 通过openFeign
可以参考博主的这篇文章
Feign实战-Springboot集成OpenFeign Demo以及参数详解_Alex_81D的博客-CSDN博客
二、方案扩展
我用的这个：
HttpUtils如下：
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Http tool class
*/
public class HttpUtils {
public static String INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR = "接口调用错误";
private static Logger logger = LoggerUtil.getLogger();
/**
* "post" request to transfer "json" data
*
* @param url
* @param json
* @param timeOutMS (Millisecond)
* @return
*/
public static String doPostParmaMap(String url, Map<?, ?> json, Integer timeOutMS) {
if (null == json) {
return doPost(url, null, timeOutMS);
}
String formatJson = JsonUtils.toFormatJsonNoException(json);
return doPost(url, formatJson, timeOutMS);
}
/**
* "post" request to transfer "json" data
*
* @param url
* @param json
* @param timeOutMS (Millisecond)
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String url, String json, Integer timeOutMS) {
String result = "";
// Create an "httpclient" object
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
// Create a "post" mode request object
HttpPost httpPost = null;
try {
// Create an "httpclient" object
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// Create a "post" mode request object
httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
logger.debug("afferent json param:" + json);
// Set parameters to the request object
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(json)) {
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json.toString(), ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
stringEntity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
}
httpPost.setProtocolVersion(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
if (null != timeOutMS) {
// Set timeout
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)
.setSocketTimeout(timeOutMS).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
}
logger.info("call '" + url + "' start");
// Perform the request operation and get the result (synchronous blocking)
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + response.toString());
// Get result entity
// Determine whether the network connection status code is normal (0--200 are normal)
switch (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
case HttpStatus.SC_OK:
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result);
break;
case HttpStatus.SC_CREATED:
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result);
break;
default:
result = INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
logger.warn("call failed,return msg:" + result);
break;
}
} catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":UnsupportedCharsetException");
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ClientProtocolException");
} catch (ParseException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ParseException");
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":IOException");
} finally {
// Close the connection and release the resource
httpPost.releaseConnection();
}
return result;
}
/**
* Get request to transfer data
*
* @param url
* @param map Request incoming parameters ("key" is the parameter name, "value" is the parameter value) "map" can be empty
* @param timeOutMS (Millisecond)
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> map, Integer timeOutMS) {
String result = "";
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(url)) {
try {
// Create an "httpclient" object
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// Create a "get" mode request object
HttpGet httpGet = null;
// Determine whether to add parameters
if (null != map && !map.isEmpty()) {
// Since the parameters of the "GET" request are all assembled behind the "URL" address, we have to build a "URL" with parameters.
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);
List<NameValuePair> list = new LinkedList<>();
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
BasicNameValuePair param = new BasicNameValuePair(key, map.get(key));
list.add(param);
}
uriBuilder.setParameters(list);
// Construct a "GET" request object from a "URI" object with parameters
httpGet = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
} else {
httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
}
// Add request header information
// Browser representation
// httpGet.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1;
// en-US; rv:1.7.6)");
// Type of transmission
// httpGet.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
// Type of transmission
httpGet.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
if (null != timeOutMS) {
// Set timeout
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)
.setSocketTimeout(timeOutMS).build();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
}
logger.info("call '" + url + "' start");
// Get the response object by requesting the object
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
//logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + response.toString());
logger.info("call succeeded");
// Get result entity
// Determine whether the network connection status code is normal (0--200 are normal)
switch (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
case HttpStatus.SC_OK:
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
//logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result);
logger.info("call succeeded");
break;
case HttpStatus.SC_CREATED:
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result);
break;
default:
result = INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
logger.warn("call failed,return msg:" + result);
break;
}
// Release link
response.close();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ClientProtocolException");
} catch (ParseException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ParseException");
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":IOException");
} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":URISyntaxException");
}
}
return result;
}
public static String getHtml(String urlStr) {
// Define links to be accessed
String url = urlStr;
// Define a string to store web content
String result = "";
// Define a buffered character input stream
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
// Convert string to url object
URL realUrl = new URL(url);
// Initialize a link to the "url" link
URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
// Start the actual connection
connection.connect();
// Initialize the "BufferedReader" input stream to read the response of the "URL"
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
// Used to temporarily store data for each fetched row
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
// Traverse each row that is fetched and store it in "result"
result += line + "\n";
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("send get request is abnormal!" + e);
e.printStackTrace();
} // Use "finally" to close the input stream
finally {
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (Exception e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
}
logger.debug("html info:" + result);
return result;
}
/**
* "post" request to transfer "json" data
*
* @param url
* @param timeOutMS (Millisecond)
* @return
*/
public static String doDelete(String url, Integer timeOutMS) {
String result = "";
// Create an "httpclient" object
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
// Create a "post" mode request object
HttpDelete httpDelete = null;
try {
// Create an "httpclient" object
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// Create a "post" mode request object
httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
httpDelete.setProtocolVersion(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
if (null != timeOutMS) {
// Set timeout
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)
.setSocketTimeout(timeOutMS).build();
httpDelete.setConfig(requestConfig);
}
logger.info("call '" + url + "' start");
// Perform the request operation and get the result (synchronous blocking)
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + response.toString());
// Get result entity
// Determine whether the network connection status code is normal (0--200 are normal)
switch (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
case HttpStatus.SC_OK:
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result);
break;
case HttpStatus.SC_CREATED:
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
logger.info("call succeeded,return msg:" + result);
break;
default:
result = INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
logger.warn("call failed,return msg:" + result);
break;
}
} catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":UnsupportedCharsetException");
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ClientProtocolException");
} catch (ParseException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":ParseException");
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR, e);
result = (INTERFACE_CALL_ERROR + ":IOException");
} finally {
// Close the connection and release the resource
httpDelete.releaseConnection();
}
return result;
}
}
JsonUtils.java
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude.Include;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerationException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.TimeZone;
/**
* Json utils
*/
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public class JsonUtils {
private static final ObjectMapper objectMapper;
private static Logger logger = LoggerUtil.getLogger();
static {
objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
// Remove the default timestamp format
objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
// Set to Shanghai time zone in China
objectMapper.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8"));
objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_NULL_MAP_VALUES, false);
// Null value not serialized
objectMapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_NULL);
// Compatible processing when attributes are not present during deserialization
objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
// Uniform format of dates when serializing
objectMapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
// It is forbidden to deserialize "Enum" with "int" on behalf of "Enum"
objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_NUMBERS_FOR_ENUMS, true);
objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.ACCEPT_SINGLE_VALUE_AS_ARRAY, true);
// objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.USE_JAVA_ARRAY_FOR_JSON_ARRAY,
// true);
objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
// Single quote processing
objectMapper.configure(com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_SINGLE_QUOTES, true);
// objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.OBJECT_AND_NON_CONCRETE);
}
public static <T> T toObjectNoException(String json, Class<T> clazz) {
try {
return objectMapper.readValue(json, clazz);
} catch (JsonParseException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
return null;
}
public static <T> String toJsonNoException(T entity) {
try {
return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(entity);
} catch (JsonGenerationException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
return null;
}
public static <T> String toFormatJsonNoException(T entity) {
try {
return objectMapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(entity);
} catch (JsonGenerationException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
return null;
}
public static <T> T toCollectionNoException(String json, TypeReference<T> typeReference) {
try {
return objectMapper.readValue(json, typeReference);
} catch (JsonParseException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
return null;
}
/**
* Object to "json" string
*
* @param object
* @return
* @throws JsonProcessingException
*/
public static String toString(Object object) throws JsonProcessingException {
return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(object);
}
/**
* "json" string to object
*
* @param jsonString
* @param rspValueType
* @return
* @throws JsonParseException
* @throws JsonMappingException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static <T> T toObject(String jsonString, Class<T> rspValueType)
throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
return objectMapper.readValue(jsonString, rspValueType);
}
public static JsonNode readJsonNode(String jsonStr, String fieldName) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jsonStr)) {
return null;
}
try {
JsonNode root = objectMapper.readTree(jsonStr);
return root.get(fieldName);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("parse json string error:" + jsonStr, e);
return null;
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T readJson(JsonNode node, Class<?> parametrized, Class<?>... parameterClasses) throws Exception {
JavaType javaType = objectMapper.getTypeFactory().constructParametricType(parametrized, parameterClasses);
return (T) objectMapper.readValue(toString(node), javaType);
}
/**
* When converting "JSON" when using "Jackson", the date format setting "Jackson" two methods set the date format of the output
* <p>
* 1. Ordinary way: The default is to convert to "timestamps" form, you can cancel "timestamps" by the following way.
* objectMapper.configure(SerializationConfig.Feature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS,
* false); This will cause the time generation to use the so-called use a [ISO-8601]-compliant notation, which outputs a time similar to the following:
* "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000+0000". Of course, you can also customize the output format:
* objectMapper.getSerializationConfig().setDateFormat(myDateFormat);
* The myDateFormat object is java.text.DateFormat, which uses the annotation method of checking java API 2.annotaion:
* First define the format you need as follows
* <p>
* Then find the date get method on your POJO
*
* @JsonSerialize(using = CustomDateSerializer.class) public Date getCreateAt()
* { return createAt; }
* <p>
* "java" date object converted to "JSON" date formatted custom class via "Jackson" library
* @date 2010-5-3
*/
public class CustomDateSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Date> {
@Override
public void serialize(Date value, JsonGenerator jgen, SerializerProvider provider)
throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
String formattedDate = formatter.format(value);
jgen.writeString(formattedDate);
}
}
}
调用示例：
post请求
String doPost = HttpUtils.doPost("url", formatJson, 5 * 1000); //5秒
JSONObject obj = JSONObject.fromObject(doPost).getJSONObject("test");get请求
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("parms", parms);
String doGet = HttpUtils.doGet("url", map, 10 * 1000); //10秒
String jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(doGet).getString("test");
JSONObject obj = JSONObject.fromObject(jsonResult);以前工具仅供参考！！