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PlantUML 总结

article 2025/2/13 18:03:50

PlantUML 总结

1. 概述

PlantUML 是一个开源工具，允许用户通过简单的文本描述来生成各种UML图表。它支持多种图表类型，包括但不限于序列图、用例图、类图、活动图等。

2. 基本概念

2.1 开始和结束标记

@startuml 和 @enduml：用于标记PlantUML代码块的开始和结束。

@startuml
...
@enduml

2.2 标题

title：为图表添加标题。

title My First PlantUML Activity Diagram

3. 活动图的基本元素

3.1 开始与结束

start 和 stop：表示流程的开始和结束。

start
:Begin Process;
stop

3.2 动作（Action）

:ActionName;：表示一个具体的操作或步骤。

start
:Initialize System;
stop

3.3 条件分支

if (condition) then (yes) 和 else：用于条件判断。

start
if (Is Valid Input?) then (yes)
    :Process Data;
else (no)
    :Log Error;
endif
stop

3.4 循环

while (condition) 和 endwhile：用于循环操作。

start
while (More Data to Process?)
    :Fetch Data;
endwhile
stop

3.5 并发处理

fork 和 end fork：用于表示并发执行的操作。

start
fork
    :Task A;
fork again
    :Task B;
end fork
stop

4. 高级用法

4.1 分区（Partition）

partition "Name"：用于将流程分组，便于组织和可视化。

partition "Data Processing" #LightBlue {
    :Fetch Data;
    :Process Data;
}

4.2 注释

note left 或 note right：用于在图表中添加注释。

start
:Initialize System;
note right: This is the initialization step.
stop

4.3 参与者（Actor）

actor ActorName：用于表示系统外部的人或实体。

actor User
participant "Web Browser" as WB
participant "Server" as S

User -> WB: Open Home Page
WB -> S: Request Home Page
S -> WB: Return Home Page Content
WB -> User: Show Home Page

4.4 返回箭头

在序列图中，可以明确显示返回值。

actor User
participant "Web Browser" as WB
participant "Server" as S

User -> WB: Login Request
activate WB
WB -> S: Forward Login Request
activate S
S -> WB: Authentication Result
return Authenticated Successfully
deactivate S
WB -> User: Display Dashboard
deactivate WB

5. 示例

5.1 简单流程图

@startuml
title Simple Process Example

start

partition "Process A" #LightBlue {
    :Step 1;
    if (Condition?) then (yes)
        :Step 2;
    else (no)
        :Step 3;
    endif
}

partition "Process B" #LightGreen {
    fork
        :Step 4;
    fork again
        :Step 5;
    end fork
}

stop

@enduml

5.2 包含异常处理的流程图

@startuml
title Exception Handling Example

start
:Start Process;
if (Is Valid Input?) then (yes)
    :Process Data;
else (no)
    :Log Error;
    stop
endif
:Finish Process;
stop

@enduml

5.3 复杂条件分支和循环

@startuml
title Complex Conditions and Loops

start
while (More Data to Process?)
    :Fetch Data;
    if (Data Valid?) then (yes)
        :Process Data;
    else (no)
        :Log Error;
    endif
endwhile
:Finalize Processing;
stop

@enduml

6. 自定义皮肤参数

你可以通过设置皮肤参数来自定义图表的外观。

@startuml
skinparam monochrome true
skinparam backgroundColor #EEEBDC
skinparam sequence {
    ArrowColor DeepSkyBlue
    ActorBorderColor DeepSkyBlue
    LifeLineBorderColor blue
    LifeLineBackgroundColor #A9DCDF
}

actor User
participant "Web Browser" as WB
participant "Server" as S

User -> WB: Login Request
activate WB
WB -> S: Forward Login Request
activate S
S -> WB: Authentication Result
return Authenticated Successfully
deactivate S
WB -> User: Display Dashboard
deactivate WB
@enduml

7. 更多图表类型

除了活动图，PlantUML还支持其他多种图表类型，如用例图、类图、时序图等。

7.1 用例图

@startuml
actor User
actor Admin

usecase UC1 as "Login"
usecase UC2 as "Register"
usecase UC3 as "Manage Users"

User --> UC1
Admin --> UC1
Admin --> UC2
Admin --> UC3
@enduml

7.2 类图

@startuml
class Animal {
    +name: String
    +age: int
    +eat()
}

class Dog {
    +bark()
}

Animal <|-- Dog
@enduml

7.3 时序图

@startuml
actor User
participant "Web Browser" as WB
participant "Server" as S

User -> WB: Login Request
activate WB
WB -> S: Forward Login Request
activate S
S -> WB: Authentication Result
return Authenticated Successfully
deactivate S
WB -> User: Display Dashboard
deactivate WB
@enduml

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