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【笔记】linux离线部署Ollama+Deepseek r1+open webui

article 2025/2/23 13:14:56

昨天看到了实验室服务器文件夹下面有一个deepseek的gguf文件，就顺便部署一下
至于为什么要本地呢？https://chat.deepseek.com/downloads/DeepSeek%20Privacy%20Policy.html
在这里插入图片描述
可能有一些学术隐私的东西不方便被收集吧。（我应该没有关系，反正都是学术垃圾）

此外，也要感谢deepseek的开源精神！！！！！！

实验室服务器是ubuntu 18（没人管理升级），不能上外网。
看了一眼lm studio的linux，要求ubuntu20
https://lmstudio.ai/docs/system-requirements，所以选择了ollama。
在这里插入图片描述
在这里选择ollama+open webui进行部署。

1. 安装ollama

1.1 ollama是什么

这里就不多赘述了，别的大佬和成熟的文章都写了
Ollama是一个支持在Windows、Linux和MacOS上本地运行大语言模型的工具。它允许用户非常方便地运行和使用各种大语言模型，比如Qwen模型等。用户只需一行命令就可以启动模型。

有一种Docker的感觉。

1.2 安装ollma

这里主要参考这篇文章：
linux离线安装Ollama并完成大模型配置（无网络）

ollama在github里面推荐使用sh安装，当然也有手动自定义配置。我们这里就直接参考上面的文章，修改sh文件，使用本地安装包进行安装。

1.2.1. 下载安装包

可以去github的release页面下载：https://github.com/ollama/ollama/releases
在这里插入图片描述
或者直接在官网下载：https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-amd64.tgz。我这里是amd64，就选择对应的安装包即可

1.2.2. 新建sh文件并运行

这里就直接参考上面文章了。

在安装包同一目录下，新建一个install.sh文件，文本编辑器编辑，写入以下内容：

#!/bin/sh
# This script installs Ollama on Linux.
# It detects the current operating system architecture and installs the appropriate version of Ollama.
 
set -eu
 
 
status() { echo ">>> $*" >&2; }
error() { echo "ERROR $*"; exit 1; }
warning() { echo "WARNING: $*"; }
 
TEMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
cleanup() { rm -rf $TEMP_DIR; }
trap cleanup EXIT
 
available() { command -v $1 >/dev/null; }
require() {
    local MISSING=''
    for TOOL in $*; do
        if ! available $TOOL; then
            MISSING="$MISSING $TOOL"
        fi
    done
 
    echo $MISSING
}
 
[ "$(uname -s)" = "Linux" ] || error 'This script is intended to run on Linux only.'
 
ARCH=$(uname -m)
case "$ARCH" in
    x86_64) ARCH="amd64" ;;
    aarch64|arm64) ARCH="arm64" ;;
    *) error "Unsupported architecture: $ARCH" ;;
esac
 
IS_WSL2=false
 
KERN=$(uname -r)
case "$KERN" in
    *icrosoft*WSL2 | *icrosoft*wsl2) IS_WSL2=true;;
    *icrosoft) error "Microsoft WSL1 is not currently supported. Please use WSL2 with 'wsl --set-version <distro> 2'" ;;
    *) ;;
esac
 
VER_PARAM="${OLLAMA_VERSION:+?version=$OLLAMA_VERSION}"
 
SUDO=
if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
    # Running as root, no need for sudo
    if ! available sudo; then
        error "This script requires superuser permissions. Please re-run as root."
    fi
 
    SUDO="sudo"
fi
 
NEEDS=$(require curl awk grep sed tee xargs)
if [ -n "$NEEDS" ]; then
    status "ERROR: The following tools are required but missing:"
    for NEED in $NEEDS; do
        echo "  - $NEED"
    done
    exit 1
fi
 
for BINDIR in /usr/local/bin /usr/bin /bin; do
    echo $PATH | grep -q $BINDIR && break || continue
done
OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR=$(dirname ${BINDIR})
 
status "Installing ollama to $OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR"
$SUDO install -o0 -g0 -m755 -d $BINDIR
$SUDO install -o0 -g0 -m755 -d "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR"
#if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}.tgz${VER_PARAM}" >/dev/null ; then
#注释掉以下代码
#    status "Downloading Linux ${ARCH} bundle"
#    curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \
#        "https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}.tgz${VER_PARAM}" | \
#        $SUDO tar -xzf - -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR"
#    BUNDLE=1
#    if [ "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/bin/ollama" != "$BINDIR/ollama" ] ; then
#        status "Making ollama accessible in the PATH in $BINDIR"
#        $SUDO ln -sf "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/ollama" "$BINDIR/ollama"
#    fi
#else
#    status "Downloading Linux ${ARCH} CLI"
#    curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar -o "$TEMP_DIR/ollama"\
#    "https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}${VER_PARAM}"
#    $SUDO install -o0 -g0 -m755 $TEMP_DIR/ollama $OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/ollama
#    BUNDLE=0
#    if [ "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/ollama" != "$BINDIR/ollama" ] ; then
#        status "Making ollama accessible in the PATH in $BINDIR"
#        $SUDO ln -sf "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/ollama" "$BINDIR/ollama"
#    fi
#fi
#新增以下代码
LOCAL_OLLAMA_TGZ="./ollama-linux-${ARCH}.tgz${VER_PARAM}"
if [ -f "$LOCAL_OLLAMA_TGZ" ]; then
    status "Installing from local file $LOCAL_OLLAMA_TGZ"
    $SUDO tar -xzf "$LOCAL_OLLAMA_TGZ" -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR"
    BUNDLE=1
    if [ ! -e "$BINDIR/ollama" ]; then
        status "Making ollama accessible in the PATH in $BINDIR"
        $SUDO ln -sf "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/ollama" "$BINDIR/ollama"
    fi
else
    echo "Error: The local file $LOCAL_OLLAMA_TGZ does not exist."
    exit 1
fi
 
 
install_success() {
    status 'The Ollama API is now available at 127.0.0.1:11434.'
    status 'Install complete. Run "ollama" from the command line.'
}
trap install_success EXIT
 
# Everything from this point onwards is optional.
 
configure_systemd() {
    if ! id ollama >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        status "Creating ollama user..."
        $SUDO useradd -r -s /bin/false -U -m -d /usr/share/ollama ollama
    fi
    if getent group render >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        status "Adding ollama user to render group..."
        $SUDO usermod -a -G render ollama
    fi
    if getent group video >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        status "Adding ollama user to video group..."
        $SUDO usermod -a -G video ollama
    fi
 
    status "Adding current user to ollama group..."
    $SUDO usermod -a -G ollama $(whoami)
 
    status "Creating ollama systemd service..."
    cat <<EOF | $SUDO tee /etc/systemd/system/ollama.service >/dev/null
[Unit]
Description=Ollama Service
After=network-online.target
 
[Service]
ExecStart=$BINDIR/ollama serve
User=ollama
Group=ollama
Restart=always
RestartSec=3
Environment="PATH=$PATH"
 
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
EOF
    SYSTEMCTL_RUNNING="$(systemctl is-system-running || true)"
    case $SYSTEMCTL_RUNNING in
        running|degraded)
            status "Enabling and starting ollama service..."
            $SUDO systemctl daemon-reload
            $SUDO systemctl enable ollama
 
            start_service() { $SUDO systemctl restart ollama; }
            trap start_service EXIT
            ;;
    esac
}
 
if available systemctl; then
    configure_systemd
fi
 
# WSL2 only supports GPUs via nvidia passthrough
# so check for nvidia-smi to determine if GPU is available
if [ "$IS_WSL2" = true ]; then
    if available nvidia-smi && [ -n "$(nvidia-smi | grep -o "CUDA Version: [0-9]*\.[0-9]*")" ]; then
        status "Nvidia GPU detected."
    fi
    install_success
    exit 0
fi
 
# Install GPU dependencies on Linux
if ! available lspci && ! available lshw; then
    warning "Unable to detect NVIDIA/AMD GPU. Install lspci or lshw to automatically detect and install GPU dependencies."
    exit 0
fi
 
check_gpu() {
    # Look for devices based on vendor ID for NVIDIA and AMD
    case $1 in
        lspci)
            case $2 in
                nvidia) available lspci && lspci -d '10de:' | grep -q 'NVIDIA' || return 1 ;;
                amdgpu) available lspci && lspci -d '1002:' | grep -q 'AMD' || return 1 ;;
            esac ;;
        lshw)
            case $2 in
                nvidia) available lshw && $SUDO lshw -c display -numeric -disable network | grep -q 'vendor: .* \[10DE\]' || return 1 ;;
                amdgpu) available lshw && $SUDO lshw -c display -numeric -disable network | grep -q 'vendor: .* \[1002\]' || return 1 ;;
            esac ;;
        nvidia-smi) available nvidia-smi || return 1 ;;
    esac
}
 
if check_gpu nvidia-smi; then
    status "NVIDIA GPU installed."
    exit 0
fi
 
if ! check_gpu lspci nvidia && ! check_gpu lshw nvidia && ! check_gpu lspci amdgpu && ! check_gpu lshw amdgpu; then
    install_success
    warning "No NVIDIA/AMD GPU detected. Ollama will run in CPU-only mode."
    exit 0
fi
 
if check_gpu lspci amdgpu || check_gpu lshw amdgpu; then
    if [ $BUNDLE -ne 0 ]; then
        status "Downloading Linux ROCm ${ARCH} bundle"
        curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \
            "https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}-rocm.tgz${VER_PARAM}" | \
            $SUDO tar -xzf - -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR"
 
        install_success
        status "AMD GPU ready."
        exit 0
    fi
    # Look for pre-existing ROCm v6 before downloading the dependencies
    for search in "${HIP_PATH:-''}" "${ROCM_PATH:-''}" "/opt/rocm" "/usr/lib64"; do
        if [ -n "${search}" ] && [ -e "${search}/libhipblas.so.2" -o -e "${search}/lib/libhipblas.so.2" ]; then
            status "Compatible AMD GPU ROCm library detected at ${search}"
            install_success
            exit 0
        fi
    done
 
    status "Downloading AMD GPU dependencies..."
    $SUDO rm -rf /usr/share/ollama/lib
    $SUDO chmod o+x /usr/share/ollama
    $SUDO install -o ollama -g ollama -m 755 -d /usr/share/ollama/lib/rocm
    curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar "https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-amd64-rocm.tgz${VER_PARAM}" \
        | $SUDO tar zx --owner ollama --group ollama -C /usr/share/ollama/lib/rocm .
    install_success
    status "AMD GPU ready."
    exit 0
fi
 
CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG="NVIDIA GPU detected, but your OS and Architecture are not supported by NVIDIA.  Please install the CUDA driver manually https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/"
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#rhel-7-centos-7
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#rhel-8-rocky-8
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#rhel-9-rocky-9
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#fedora
install_cuda_driver_yum() {
    status 'Installing NVIDIA repository...'
    
    case $PACKAGE_MANAGER in
        yum)
            $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install yum-utils
            if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo" >/dev/null ; then
                $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER-config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo
            else
                error $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG
            fi
            ;;
        dnf)
            if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo" >/dev/null ; then
                $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo
            else
                error $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG
            fi
            ;;
    esac
 
    case $1 in
        rhel)
            status 'Installing EPEL repository...'
            # EPEL is required for third-party dependencies such as dkms and libvdpau
            $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-$2.noarch.rpm || true
            ;;
    esac
 
    status 'Installing CUDA driver...'
 
    if [ "$1" = 'centos' ] || [ "$1$2" = 'rhel7' ]; then
        $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install nvidia-driver-latest-dkms
    fi
 
    $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install cuda-drivers
}
 
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#ubuntu
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#debian
install_cuda_driver_apt() {
    status 'Installing NVIDIA repository...'
    if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb" >/dev/null ; then
        curl -fsSL -o $TEMP_DIR/cuda-keyring.deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
    else
        error $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG
    fi
 
    case $1 in
        debian)
            status 'Enabling contrib sources...'
            $SUDO sed 's/main/contrib/' < /etc/apt/sources.list | $SUDO tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/contrib.list > /dev/null
            if [ -f "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources" ]; then
                $SUDO sed 's/main/contrib/' < /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources | $SUDO tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/contrib.sources > /dev/null
            fi
            ;;
    esac
 
    status 'Installing CUDA driver...'
    $SUDO dpkg -i $TEMP_DIR/cuda-keyring.deb
    $SUDO apt-get update
 
    [ -n "$SUDO" ] && SUDO_E="$SUDO -E" || SUDO_E=
    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive $SUDO_E apt-get -y install cuda-drivers -q
}
 
if [ ! -f "/etc/os-release" ]; then
    error "Unknown distribution. Skipping CUDA installation."
fi
 
. /etc/os-release
 
OS_NAME=$ID
OS_VERSION=$VERSION_ID
 
PACKAGE_MANAGER=
for PACKAGE_MANAGER in dnf yum apt-get; do
    if available $PACKAGE_MANAGER; then
        break
    fi
done
 
if [ -z "$PACKAGE_MANAGER" ]; then
    error "Unknown package manager. Skipping CUDA installation."
fi
 
if ! check_gpu nvidia-smi || [ -z "$(nvidia-smi | grep -o "CUDA Version: [0-9]*\.[0-9]*")" ]; then
    case $OS_NAME in
        centos|rhel) install_cuda_driver_yum 'rhel' $(echo $OS_VERSION | cut -d '.' -f 1) ;;
        rocky) install_cuda_driver_yum 'rhel' $(echo $OS_VERSION | cut -c1) ;;
        fedora) [ $OS_VERSION -lt '39' ] && install_cuda_driver_yum $OS_NAME $OS_VERSION || install_cuda_driver_yum $OS_NAME '39';;
        amzn) install_cuda_driver_yum 'fedora' '37' ;;
        debian) install_cuda_driver_apt $OS_NAME $OS_VERSION ;;
        ubuntu) install_cuda_driver_apt $OS_NAME $(echo $OS_VERSION | sed 's/\.//') ;;
        *) exit ;;
    esac
fi
 
if ! lsmod | grep -q nvidia || ! lsmod | grep -q nvidia_uvm; then
    KERNEL_RELEASE="$(uname -r)"
    case $OS_NAME in
        rocky) $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install kernel-devel kernel-headers ;;
        centos|rhel|amzn) $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install kernel-devel-$KERNEL_RELEASE kernel-headers-$KERNEL_RELEASE ;;
        fedora) $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install kernel-devel-$KERNEL_RELEASE ;;
        debian|ubuntu) $SUDO apt-get -y install linux-headers-$KERNEL_RELEASE ;;
        *) exit ;;
    esac
 
    NVIDIA_CUDA_VERSION=$($SUDO dkms status | awk -F: '/added/ { print $1 }')
    if [ -n "$NVIDIA_CUDA_VERSION" ]; then
        $SUDO dkms install $NVIDIA_CUDA_VERSION
    fi
 
    if lsmod | grep -q nouveau; then
        status 'Reboot to complete NVIDIA CUDA driver install.'
        exit 0
    fi
 
    $SUDO modprobe nvidia
    $SUDO modprobe nvidia_uvm
fi
 
# make sure the NVIDIA modules are loaded on boot with nvidia-persistenced
if available nvidia-persistenced; then
    $SUDO touch /etc/modules-load.d/nvidia.conf
    MODULES="nvidia nvidia-uvm"
    for MODULE in $MODULES; do
        if ! grep -qxF "$MODULE" /etc/modules-load.d/nvidia.conf; then
            echo "$MODULE" | $SUDO tee -a /etc/modules-load.d/nvidia.conf > /dev/null
        fi
    done
fi
 
status "NVIDIA GPU ready."
install_success

不用改动什么。上面文件，进行了软件的安装，服务配置，环境变量配置，开机自启动等相关操作。
2. 运行安装

chmod +x install.sh    #给脚本赋予执行权限
./install.sh
# 如果报错误： bash: ./build_android.sh：/bin/sh^M：解释器错误: 没有那个文件或目录，执行下面命令后，再执行./install.sh命令
sed -i 's/\r$//' install.sh

配置ollma
有一些额外的环境变量需要配置，常用的是监听host、下载路径（因为是离线，用处不大）、多cuda使用

vim /etc/systemd/system/ollama.service

在这里插入图片描述
这里host设置主要是为了后面open webui，可能无法访问。
cuda设置，主要是优先使用3号gpu。

Environment="OLLAMA_HOST=0.0.0.0:11434"
Environment="CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=3,2"
Environment="OLLAMA_MODELS=/data/ollama/model"

修改之后

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart ollama

注意，这里会出现一个问题，如果不给OLLAMA_MODELS的文件夹777权限，启动可能可能会失败。

sudo chmod 777 /XXX

顺便记录一下，uninstall的链接：https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/linux.md#uninstall

2. 下载对应的gguf

我的下载地址：
https://hf-mirror.com/bartowski/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B-GGUF
根据这位up主的建议：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1H2FWefEVq，实验室是3090，所以可以选择32B Q4先试试水（主要是我懒，看有现成的同门下载好的，就不想再去下载）。
在这里插入图片描述
为了之后统一管理方便，大模型就统一放在/data/ollama/model文件夹下了

在/data/ollama/model下面新建一个模型名称文件夹
把gguf文件移进去
新建一个Modelfile空白文件
最简单是在modelfile文件里面写模型信息的位置信息From。因为是同一个文件夹下，所以下图使用相对文件路径。

如果需要其他信息，可以参考https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/modelfile.md#format
导入模型
name是自定义的，path to Modelfile就是到Modelfile的路径

ollama create <name> -f <path to modelfile>

在ollama list命令后，可以看到导入的模型。

3. 配置open webui

控制台聊天对话界面体验总归是不太好，还是要可视化。我看了一眼，这个github的代码，后端fastapi，环境配置还嫌麻烦，还在使用docker安装吧。

docker pull dyrnq/open-webui:main

（docker hub写着ghcr.io/open-webui/open-webui:main，旁边copy却是dyrnq/open-webui:main）
启动命令：

docker run -d -p 31425:8080 --add-host=host.docker.internal:host-gateway -v /data/ollama/open-webui:/app/backend/data -e OLLAMA_BASE_URL=http://host.docker.internal:11434 --name open-webui --restart always 6e9bc29aefef

几点说明：

/data/ollama/open-webui文件夹是存储一些数据库的位置，还是固定一下比较好？
OLLAMA_BASE_URL=http://host.docker.internal:11434很重要，不然这个会导致连接不上本地的ollama。会出现Cannot connect to host 127.0.0.1:11434 ssl:default问题。http://好像也不能少，我看到有人评论因为这个无法连接。host.docker.internal困扰了我很久，一直不能排查出来问题，直到看到了这个：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78568103/docker-openwebui-not-able-to-access-host-ollama
31425纯纯是我喜欢的数字，可以随便更改，8080是容器端口，不能更改。
6e9bc29aefef是镜像ID

启动需要很长时间，为什么呢？容器启动的时候会连接hugging face，但是我这里不联网，所以要等到超时。

打开之后，设置管理员账户，第一个注册就是管理员。

Admin Creation: The first account created on Open WebUI gains
Administrator privileges, controlling user management and system
settings.

然后就会出现一个问题：白屏。这里会需要等很久。为什么呢？因为open webui在试着连接openapi，但是不联网，只能等超时。
在等了很久之后，可以在右上角管理员面板-设置-联网搜索里面把联网搜索关闭即可。

这里附上open webui的环境变量参数：
https://docs.openwebui.com/getting-started/advanced-topics/env-configuration。
上面问题是不是可以根据环境变量进行关闭，我就懒得看了。

这之后就可以根据自己的需求，进行设置，是否开放用户注册啥啥啥的。

顺便提一嘴，如果创建普通用户，看不到模型，可能是模型的可见性设置。
在这里插入图片描述

4. 结果

最后上一下结果图
在这里插入图片描述
看到了deepseek发布了多模态模型，这个就懒得部了

参考CSND的文章

linux离线安装Ollama并完成大模型配置（无网络）：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_71142057/article/details/143186418
一文彻底整明白，基于Ollama工具的LLM大语言模型Web可视化对话机器人部署指南：https://blog.csdn.net/Python_cocola/article/details/139361223
手把手教你Ollama 安装部署教程，一键搭建本地大模型，不挑环境、不挑配置！https://blog.csdn.net/star_nwe/article/details/143141025

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