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C++如何获取windows系统通知消息列表

article 2025/2/23 13:47:40

在 Windows 系统中，要使用 C++ 获取系统通知消息列表，我们可以借助 Windows API 与相关的 COM 接口来实现。系统通知消息一般是通过操作中心进行管理的，而操作中心使用了用户活动平台（User Activity Platform）的相关接口。下面为你详细介绍实现步骤和示例代码。

实现步骤

初始化 COM 库：使用 COM 接口前，需要对 COM 库进行初始化。
获取操作中心的通知管理器：借助IUserNotificationListener接口获取系统通知的相关信息。
枚举通知消息：通过遍历通知列表，获取每条通知的详细信息，如标题、内容等。
释放资源：完成操作后，释放 COM 对象并取消 COM 库的初始化。

示例代码

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
#include <wrl/client.h>
#include <windows.ui.notifications.management.h>

using namespace Microsoft::WRL;
using namespace ABI::Windows::Foundation;
using namespace ABI::Windows::UI::Notifications::Management;

// 初始化COM库
bool InitializeCOM() {
    HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(nullptr, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to initialize COM library. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

// 获取通知列表
void GetNotificationList() {
    ComPtr<IUserNotificationListenerStatics> listenerStatics;
    HRESULT hr = GetActivationFactory(HStringReference(RuntimeClass_Windows_UI_Notifications_Management_UserNotificationListener).Get(), &listenerStatics);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to get UserNotificationListener factory. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    ComPtr<IUserNotificationListener> listener;
    hr = listenerStatics->GetDefault(&listener);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to get default UserNotificationListener. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    ComPtr<IVectorView<IUserNotification*>> notifications;
    hr = listener->GetNotificationsAsync(NotificationKinds_Toast, &notifications);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to get notifications. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    UINT32 count;
    hr = notifications->get_Size(&count);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to get notification count. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    std::cout << "Found " << count << " notifications:" << std::endl;
    for (UINT32 i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        ComPtr<IUserNotification> notification;
        hr = notifications->GetAt(i, &notification);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to get notification at index " << i << ". Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
            continue;
        }

        ComPtr<IToastNotification> toastNotification;
        hr = notification->get_Notification(reinterpret_cast<INotification**>(&toastNotification));
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to get toast notification. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
            continue;
        }

        ComPtr<INotificationVisual> visual;
        hr = toastNotification->get_Visual(&visual);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to get notification visual. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
            continue;
        }

        ComPtr<INotificationBinding> binding;
        hr = visual->GetBinding(HStringReference(L"ToastGeneric").Get(), &binding);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to get notification binding. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
            continue;
        }

        ComPtr<IVectorView<INotificationText*>> texts;
        hr = binding->get_TextElements(&texts);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to get notification text elements. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
            continue;
        }

        UINT32 textCount;
        hr = texts->get_Size(&textCount);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to get text element count. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
            continue;
        }

        std::wcout << L"Notification " << i << L":" << std::endl;
        for (UINT32 j = 0; j < textCount; ++j) {
            ComPtr<INotificationText> textElement;
            hr = texts->GetAt(j, &textElement);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                std::cerr << "Failed to get text element at index " << j << ". Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
                continue;
            }

            HString textValue;
            hr = textElement->get_Text(textValue.GetAddressOf());
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                std::cerr << "Failed to get text value. Error code: 0x" << std::hex << hr << std::endl;
                continue;
            }

            std::wcout << L"  Text " << j << L": " << textValue.GetRawBuffer(nullptr) << std::endl;
        }
    }
}

// 释放COM库
void UninitializeCOM() {
    CoUninitialize();
}

int main() {
    if (!InitializeCOM()) {
        return 1;
    }

    GetNotificationList();

    UninitializeCOM();
    return 0;
}

代码解释

InitializeCOM 函数：调用 CoInitializeEx 对 COM 库进行初始化，若初始化失败则输出错误信息。
GetNotificationList 函数：
- 获取 IUserNotificationListenerStatics 工厂接口。
- 获取默认的 IUserNotificationListener 实例。
- 调用 GetNotificationsAsync 方法获取通知列表。
- 遍历通知列表，获取每条通知的详细信息，包括标题和内容。
UninitializeCOM 函数：调用 CoUninitialize 取消 COM 库的初始化。
main 函数：依次调用 InitializeCOM、GetNotificationList 和 UninitializeCOM 完成操作。