用Python写一个获取IP地址的脚本

一、脚本功能

1.获取主机名

2.获取外网IP（通过多个公共API尝试） IPV4和IPV6

3.获取所有网络接口的内网IP

4.保存至文件并打印信息

输出示例：

 

主机名: MyComputer

内网IPv4地址:
  - 192.168.1.100
  - 192.168.56.1

内网IPv6地址:
  - 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

外网IPv4: 203.0.113.1
外网IPv6: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

二、注意事项

1.获取外网IP需要网络连接
2.某些网络环境可能会阻止访问IP查询服务
3.如果在代理或VPN环境下，获取的外网IP可能是代理或VPN的IP
4.内网IP可能会有多个，特别是在有多个网络接口的情况下

5.考虑暂时关闭防火墙

6.如果你的网络不支持 IPv6，那么相关的 IPv6 地址将显示为"无法获取"
7.某些系统可能需要管理员权限才能获取完整的网络接口信息

三、准备工作

导入库：

import socket
import requests
import json
import time
from datetime import datetime

四、完整代码

import socket
import requests
import json
import time
from datetime import datetime


def get_external_ipv4():
    """获取外网IPv4地址"""
    apis = [
        {
            'url': 'https://api.ipify.org?format=json',
            'timeout': 5,
            'headers': {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'},
            'json': True,
            'key': 'ip'
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://api4.ipify.org?format=json',
            'timeout': 5,
            'headers': {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'},
            'json': True,
            'key': 'ip'
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://ipv4.icanhazip.com',
            'timeout': 5,
            'headers': {'User-Agent': 'curl/7.64.1'}
        }
    ]

    for api in apis:
        try:
            print(f"尝试从 {api['url']} 获取外网IPv4...")
            response = requests.get(
                url=api['url'],
                timeout=api['timeout'],
                headers=api['headers']
            )

            if response.status_code == 200:
                if api.get('json'):
                    data = response.json()
                    return data[api['key']]
                else:
                    return response.text.strip()

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"当前接口请求失败: {str(e)}")
            continue

    return "无法获取IPv4地址"


def get_external_ipv6():
    """获取外网IPv6地址"""
    apis = [
        {
            'url': 'https://api6.ipify.org?format=json',
            'timeout': 5,
            'headers': {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'},
            'json': True,
            'key': 'ip'
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://ipv6.icanhazip.com',
            'timeout': 5,
            'headers': {'User-Agent': 'curl/7.64.1'}
        }
    ]

    for api in apis:
        try:
            print(f"尝试从 {api['url']} 获取外网IPv6...")
            response = requests.get(
                url=api['url'],
                timeout=api['timeout'],
                headers=api['headers']
            )

            if response.status_code == 200:
                if api.get('json'):
                    data = response.json()
                    return data[api['key']]
                else:
                    return response.text.strip()

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"当前接口请求失败: {str(e)}")
            continue

    return "无法获取IPv6地址"


def get_internal_ips():
    """获取内网IP地址（同时获取IPv4和IPv6）"""
    internal_ips = {'ipv4': [], 'ipv6': []}

    try:
        # 获取所有网络接口的所有IP
        hostname = socket.gethostname()
        addrs = socket.getaddrinfo(hostname, None)

        for addr in addrs:
            ip = addr[4][0]
            # 判断是否为IPv6地址
            if ':' in ip:
                if not ip.startswith('fe80:') and not ip.startswith('::1'):
                    if ip not in internal_ips['ipv6']:
                        internal_ips['ipv6'].append(ip)
            else:
                if not ip.startswith('127.'):
                    if ip not in internal_ips['ipv4']:
                        internal_ips['ipv4'].append(ip)

        # 使用备用方法获取IPv4
        if not internal_ips['ipv4']:
            try:
                s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
                s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))
                ip = s.getsockname()[0]
                s.close()
                if ip not in internal_ips['ipv4']:
                    internal_ips['ipv4'].append(ip)
            except:
                pass

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"获取内网IP出错: {str(e)}")

    return internal_ips


def save_to_file(data):
    """保存信息到文件"""
    try:
        with open('../办公与多媒体/ip_info.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(f"\n{'=' * 50}\n")
            f.write(f"检测时间: {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}\n")
            f.write(f"主机名: {data['hostname']}\n\n")

            f.write("内网IPv4地址:\n")
            for ip in data['internal_ipv4']:
                f.write(f"  - {ip}\n")

            f.write("\n内网IPv6地址:\n")
            for ip in data['internal_ipv6']:
                f.write(f"  - {ip}\n")

            f.write(f"\n外网IPv4: {data['external_ipv4']}\n")
            f.write(f"外网IPv6: {data['external_ipv6']}\n")
            f.write(f"{'=' * 50}\n")

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"保存文件时出错: {str(e)}")


def main():
    try:
        print("开始获取网络信息...\n")

        # 获取主机名
        hostname = socket.gethostname()
        print(f"主机名: {hostname}\n")

        # 获取内网IP
        internal_ips = get_internal_ips()
        print("内网IPv4地址:")
        for ip in internal_ips['ipv4']:
            print(f"  - {ip}")

        print("\n内网IPv6地址:")
        for ip in internal_ips['ipv6']:
            print(f"  - {ip}")

        # 获取外网IP
        print("\n正在获取外网IP...")
        external_ipv4 = get_external_ipv4()
        external_ipv6 = get_external_ipv6()

        print(f"\n外网IPv4: {external_ipv4}")
        print(f"外网IPv6: {external_ipv6}")

        # 保存信息到文件
        data = {
            'hostname': hostname,
            'internal_ipv4': internal_ips['ipv4'],
            'internal_ipv6': internal_ips['ipv6'],
            'external_ipv4': external_ipv4,
            'external_ipv6': external_ipv6
        }
        save_to_file(data)
        print("\n信息已保存到 ip_info.txt 文件")

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"程序执行出错: {str(e)}")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 确保已安装requests库
    # pip install requests

    main()

    # 等待用户按键退出
    input("\n按回车键退出...")