Spring Boot与Axon Framework整合教程
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简介
Axon Framework是一个用于构建CQRS(命令查询职责分离)和事件溯源(Event Sourcing)应用的框架,而Spring Boot提供了快速开发能力。二者结合可高效实现高扩展性、可维护的分布式系统。
环境准备
- JDK 17+
- Spring Boot 3.2+
- Axon Framework 4.9+
- Maven/Gradle
步骤详解
1. 创建Spring Boot项目
使用start.spring.io生成基础项目,选择:
- Spring Web
- Lombok(可选)
2. 添加Axon依赖
<!-- pom.xml -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.axonframework</groupId>
<artifactId>axon-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>4.9.0</version>
</dependency>
3. 配置Axon(可选)
# application.yml
axon:
serializer:
general: jackson
eventhandling:
processors:
default: tracking
示例:银行账户管理
1. 定义命令(Command)
// 开户命令
public record CreateAccountCommand(String accountId, int initialBalance) {}
// 存款命令
public record DepositMoneyCommand(String accountId, int amount) {}
// 取款命令
public record WithdrawMoneyCommand(String accountId, int amount) {}
2. 定义事件(Event)
// 账户创建事件
public record AccountCreatedEvent(String accountId, int initialBalance) {}
// 存款事件
public record MoneyDepositedEvent(String accountId, int amount) {}
// 取款事件
public record MoneyWithdrawnEvent(String accountId, int amount) {}
3. 创建聚合根(Aggregate)
@Aggregate
@Getter
@NoArgsConstructor
public class BankAccountAggregate {
@AggregateIdentifier
private String accountId;
private int balance;
@CommandHandler
public BankAccountAggregate(CreateAccountCommand command) {
apply(new AccountCreatedEvent(command.accountId(), command.initialBalance()));
}
@CommandHandler
public void handle(DepositMoneyCommand command) {
apply(new MoneyDepositedEvent(command.accountId(), command.amount()));
}
@CommandHandler
public void handle(WithdrawMoneyCommand command) {
if (balance < command.amount()) {
throw new InsufficientBalanceException();
}
apply(new MoneyWithdrawnEvent(command.accountId(), command.amount()));
}
@EventSourcingHandler
public void on(AccountCreatedEvent event) {
this.accountId = event.accountId();
this.balance = event.initialBalance();
}
@EventSourcingHandler
public void on(MoneyDepositedEvent event) {
balance += event.amount();
}
@EventSourcingHandler
public void on(MoneyWithdrawnEvent event) {
balance -= event.amount();
}
}
4. 创建Query处理
@Service
public class AccountQueryService {
private final Map<String, Integer> accounts = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@EventHandler
public void on(AccountCreatedEvent event) {
accounts.put(event.accountId(), event.initialBalance());
}
@EventHandler
public void on(MoneyDepositedEvent event) {
accounts.computeIfPresent(event.accountId(), (k, v) -> v + event.amount());
}
@EventHandler
public void on(MoneyWithdrawnEvent event) {
accounts.computeIfPresent(event.accountId(), (k, v) -> v - event.amount());
}
@QueryHandler
public Integer handle(GetBalanceQuery query) {
return accounts.get(query.accountId());
}
}
5. 创建REST接口
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/accounts")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class AccountController {
private final CommandGateway commandGateway;
private final QueryGateway queryGateway;
@PostMapping
public CompletableFuture<String> createAccount(@RequestBody CreateAccountRequest request) {
return commandGateway.send(new CreateAccountCommand(
UUID.randomUUID().toString(),
request.initialBalance()
));
}
@GetMapping("/{accountId}/balance")
public CompletableFuture<Integer> getBalance(@PathVariable String accountId) {
return queryGateway.query(new GetBalanceQuery(accountId), Integer.class);
}
}
运行与测试
- 启动Spring Boot应用
- 使用curl测试:
# 创建账户
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"initialBalance":1000}' http://localhost:8080/accounts
# 查询余额(替换{accountId})
curl http://localhost:8080/accounts/{accountId}/balance
关键配置说明
- 序列化配置:建议使用Jackson进行JSON序列化
- 事件存储:默认使用内存存储,生产环境可配置JPA或JDBC
- 分布式处理:通过
axon-distributed-command-bus
实现命令总线扩展
扩展方向
- 添加JPA事件存储
- 集成Spring Security进行权限控制
- 配置Saga实现复杂事务
- 使用Axon Server进行集群管理
通过本教程,您已完成了一个基础的CQRS/ES系统实现。建议通过Axon Dashboard监控事件流,并逐步添加更复杂的业务逻辑。