使用OpenCV与Python编写自己的俄罗斯方块小游戏

俄罗斯方块小游戏是当年风靡一时的小游戏，该游戏由一个棋盘组成，该棋盘跨度为10个单元格，高度为20个单元格，如下所示。

俄罗斯方块小游戏
关于此小游戏的规则，我们不再介绍，本期文章主要用代码来实现，我们知道俄罗斯方块小游戏主要有如下7个方块组成，我们在代码中使用字母“ O”，“ I”，“ S”，“ Z”，“ L”，“ J”和“ T”表示它们。

使用OpenCV和python创建俄罗斯方块

import cv2
import numpy as np
from random import choice
SPEED = 1 #控制速度
board = np.uint8(np.zeros([20, 10, 3]))
quit = False
place = False
drop = False
switch = False
held_piece = ""
flag = 0
score = 0

首先我们导入需要的第三方库以及定义好需要的变量

# 所有方块造型
next_piece = choice(["O", "I", "S", "Z", "L", "J", "T"])
def get_info(piece):
    if piece == "I":
        coords = np.array([[0, 3], [0, 4], [0, 5], [0, 6]])
        color = [255, 155, 15]
    elif piece == "T":
        coords = np.array([[1, 3], [1, 4], [1, 5], [0, 4]])
        color = [138, 41, 175]
    elif piece == "L":
        coords = np.array([[1, 3], [1, 4], [1, 5], [0, 5]])
        color = [2, 91, 227]
    elif piece == "J":
        coords = np.array([[1, 3], [1, 4], [1, 5], [0, 3]])
        color = [198, 65, 33]
    elif piece == "S":
        coords = np.array([[1, 5], [1, 4], [0, 3], [0, 4]])
        color = [55, 15, 215]
    elif piece == "Z":
        coords = np.array([[1, 3], [1, 4], [0, 4], [0, 5]])
        color = [1, 177, 89]
    else:
        coords = np.array([[0, 4], [0, 5], [1, 4], [1, 5]])
        color = [2, 159, 227]
    return coords, color

然后我们建立7个俄罗斯方块的造型与颜色，以上建立完成后，我们需要搭建一个游戏界面以及鼠标控制事件

def display(board, coords, color, next_info, held_info, score, SPEED):
    border = np.uint8(127 - np.zeros([20, 1, 3]))
    border_ = np.uint8(127 - np.zeros([1, 34, 3]))
    dummy = board.copy()
    dummy[coords[:,0], coords[:,1]] = color
    right = np.uint8(np.zeros([20, 10, 3]))
    right[next_info[0][:,0] + 2, next_info[0][:,1]] = next_info[1]
    left = np.uint8(np.zeros([20, 10, 3]))
    left[held_info[0][:,0] + 2, held_info[0][:,1]] = held_info[1]
    dummy = np.concatenate((border, left, border, dummy, border, right, border), 1)
    dummy = np.concatenate((border_, dummy, border_), 0)
    dummy = dummy.repeat(20, 0).repeat(20, 1)
    dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, str(score), (520, 200), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 1, [0, 0, 255], 2)
# 控制键
    dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "A - move left", (45, 200), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
    dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "D - move right", (45, 225), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
    dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "S - move down", (45, 250), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
    dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "W - hard drop", (45, 275), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
    dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "J - rotate left", (45, 300), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
    dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "L - rotate right", (45, 325), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
    dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "I - hold", (45, 350), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
    cv2.imshow("Tetris", dummy)
    key = cv2.waitKey(int(1000/SPEED))
    return key

游戏界面

搭建的游戏界面如上，我们在界面左边显示每个鼠标按键的功能，中间是主游戏区域，最右边为积分区域

以上建立完成后，我们开始主函数的部分

我们有一个while循环，在每次迭代中，我们都会在游戏中放置一个新棋子。

在俄罗斯方块中，我们可以按某个键来固定一块。通过与当前方块交换，可以保留将来使用的一种方块。

在下面的代码中，我们首先检查用户是否要使用switch变量将当前方块与保留的方块交换。如果switch变量设置为false，我们将分配current_piece，next_piece并随机选择一个new next_piece

if __name__ == "__main__":
    while not quit:   
        if switch:
            held_piece, current_piece = current_piece, held_piece
            switch = False
        else:
            current_piece = next_piece
            next_piece = choice(["I", "T", "L", "J", "Z", "S", "O"])·
if flag > 0:
            flag -= 1
	#确定方块的颜色和位置current_piece，next_piece以及held_piece
        if held_piece == "":
            held_info = np.array([[0, 0]]), [0, 0, 0]
        else:
           held_info = get_info(held_piece)       
        next_info = get_info(next_piece)
        coords, color = get_info(current_piece)
        if current_piece == "I":
            top_left = [-2, 3]
         #这个if语句只是检查游戏是否需要终止   
        if not np.all(board[coords[:,0], coords[:,1]] == 0):
            break

接下来我们 在主程序里面设置while true死循环用来我们一直检测键盘输入，直到游戏结束

首先，我们使用display()功能显示板子并接收键盘输入，并复制原始位置

while True:
            key = display(board, coords, color, next_info, held_info, score, SPEED)
            dummy = coords.copy() 

然后我们检测键盘输入的字母以便控制方块的移动旋转等操作

if key == ord("a"):
                if np.min(coords[:,1]) > 0:
                    coords[:,1] -= 1
                if current_piece == "I":
                    top_left[1] -= 1              
            elif key == ord("d"):
                if np.max(coords[:,1]) < 9:
                    coords[:,1] += 1
                    if current_piece == "I":
                        top_left[1] += 1             
            elif key == ord("j") or key == ord("l"):               
                if current_piece != "I" and current_piece != "O":
                    if coords[1,1] > 0 and coords[1,1] < 9:
                        arr = coords[1] - 1 + np.array([[[x, y] for y in range(3)] for x in range(3)])
                        pov = coords - coords[1] + 1               
                elif current_piece == "I":                 
                    arr = top_left + np.array([[[x, y] for y in range(4)] for x in range(4)])
                    pov = np.array([np.where(np.logical_and(arr[:,:,0] == pos[0], arr[:,:,1] == pos[1])) for pos in coords])
                    pov = np.array([k[0] for k in np.swapaxes(pov, 1, 2)])           
                if current_piece != "O":
                    if key == ord("j"):
                        arr = np.rot90(arr, -1)
                    else:
                        arr = np.rot90(arr)
                    coords = arr[pov[:,0], pov[:,1]]           
            elif key == ord("w"):
                drop = True
            elif key == ord("i"):
                if flag == 0:
                    if held_piece == "":
                        held_piece = current_piece
                    else:
                        switch = True
                    flag = 2
                    break
            elif key == 8 or key == 27:
                quit = True
                break

这里我们分别检测字母：

a:左移动

d:右移动

W:直接到底部

S：往下加速

j&l：旋转

I：更换方块

接下来，我们需要检查与其他方块的碰撞，并防止该方块进入或旋转到另一方块中。如果发生这种冲突，我们将使用coords存储在dummy变量中的副本将新位置更改回原始位置

if np.max(coords[:,0]) < 20 and np.min(coords[:,0]) >= 0:
                if not (current_piece == "I" and (np.max(coords[:,1]) >= 10 or np.min(coords[:,1]) < 0)):
                    if not np.all(board[coords[:,0], coords[:,1]] == 0):
                        coords = dummy.copy()
                else:
                    coords = dummy.copy()
            else:
                coords = dummy.copy()

如果它与现有棋子碰撞或到达棋板的底部，则停止向下移动

if drop:           
                while not place:
                    if np.max(coords[:,0]) != 19:
                        for pos in coords:
                            if not np.array_equal(board[pos[0] + 1, pos[1]], [0, 0, 0]):
                                place = True
                                break
                    else:
                        place = True              
                    if place:
                        break                   
                    coords[:,0] += 1
                    score += 1
                    if current_piece == "I":
                        top_left[0] += 1                   
                drop = False

当一块到达底部或碰到另一块时，将放置方块，否则将方块向下移动

else:
                if np.max(coords[:,0]) != 19:
                    for pos in coords:
                        if not np.array_equal(board[pos[0] + 1, pos[1]], [0, 0, 0]):
                            place = True
                            break
                else:
                    place = True        
            if place:
                for pos in coords:
                    board[tuple(pos)] = color                    
                place = False
                break
            coords[:,0] += 1
            if key == ord("s"):
                score += 1
            if current_piece == "I":
                top_left[0] += 1

最后，我们按照设计规则，更新每次的得分，并实时记录

        # 计算得分           
        lines = 0                
        for line in range(20):
            if np.all([np.any(pos != 0) for pos in board[line]]):
                lines += 1
                board[1:line+1] = board[:line]                  
        if lines == 1:
            score += 40
        elif lines == 2:
            score += 100
        elif lines == 3:
            score += 300
        elif lines == 4:
            score += 1200

以上便是本期完整的代码，运行此代码，我们便可以看到一个我设计完成的游戏界面，这里按照左屏的键盘字母提示就可以愉快的来玩游戏了

更多transformer，VIT，swin tranformer
参考头条号：人工智能研究所
v号：启示AI科技

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