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Doris通过时间字段，按照周分组统计的sql

article 2025/3/29 2:24:11

通过时间字段按周分组统计的 SQL 写法需结合日期函数和分组逻辑，以下是不同场景下的实现方案及注意事项：

数据初始化参考：https://doris.apache.org/zh-CN/docs/benchmark/ssb

一、基础分组方法

1. 使用 `WEEK()` 函数

SELECT 
  YEAR(LO_ORDERDATE) AS year, 
  WEEK(LO_ORDERDATE, 1) AS week_num, 
  COUNT(*) AS record_count 
FROM 
  lineorder_flat 
where 
  YEAR(LO_ORDERDATE) = '1998' 
GROUP BY 
  year, 
  week_num 
ORDER BY 
  year, 
  week_num;

说明：
WEEK(date, mode) 的 mode 参数定义周起始日（如 mode=1 表示周从周一开始，mode=0 为周日开始）。
适用场景：简单按周统计记录数，需结合年份避免跨年周混淆。

2. 使用 `DATE_FORMAT()` 函数

SELECT 
  DATE_FORMAT(LO_ORDERDATE, '%Y%u') AS year_week, 
  COUNT(*) AS total_cnt 
FROM 
  lineorder_flat 
where 
  YEAR(LO_ORDERDATE) = '1998' 
GROUP BY 
  year_week 
order by 
  year_week;

说明：%Y%u 格式将日期转换为“年份+周数”（如 202413 表示2024年第13周）。

二、进阶场景处理

1. 显示周起始日期

若需展示每周的起始日期，需结合日期计算：

SELECT 
  MIN(LO_ORDERDATE) AS week_start, 
  MAX(LO_ORDERDATE) AS week_end, 
  COUNT(*) AS order_count 
FROM 
  lineorder_flat 
where 
  YEAR(LO_ORDERDATE) = '1998' 
GROUP BY 
  WEEK(LO_ORDERDATE, 1), 
  YEAR(LO_ORDERDATE) 
order by 
  week_start;

说明：通过 MIN/MAX 函数动态计算每周起止日期。

2. 处理跨年周

使用 YEARWEEK() 函数自动处理跨年周：

SELECT 
  YEARWEEK(LO_ORDERDATE, 1) AS year_week, 
  COUNT(*) AS total_sales 
FROM 
  lineorder_flat 
GROUP BY 
  year_week 
order by 
  year_week;

说明：YEARWEEK 返回年份和周数的组合（如 202413），避免跨年周的分组错误。

三、性能优化建议

索引优化
为时间字段添加索引以加速分组查询：

ALTER TABLE lineorder_flatADD INDEX idx_date (LO_COMMITDATE);

分区表
对按周频繁查询的大表进行分区：

CREATE TABLE `lineorder_flat` (
  `LO_ORDERDATE` int NOT NULL,
  `LO_ORDERKEY` int NOT NULL,
  `LO_LINENUMBER` tinyint NOT NULL,
  `LO_CUSTKEY` int NOT NULL,
  `LO_PARTKEY` int NOT NULL,
  `LO_SUPPKEY` int NOT NULL,
  `LO_ORDERPRIORITY` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `LO_SHIPPRIORITY` tinyint NOT NULL,
  `LO_QUANTITY` tinyint NOT NULL,
  `LO_EXTENDEDPRICE` int NOT NULL,
  `LO_ORDTOTALPRICE` int NOT NULL,
  `LO_DISCOUNT` tinyint NOT NULL,
  `LO_REVENUE` int NOT NULL,
  `LO_SUPPLYCOST` int NOT NULL,
  `LO_TAX` tinyint NOT NULL,
  `LO_COMMITDATE` date NOT NULL,
  `LO_SHIPMODE` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `C_NAME` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `C_ADDRESS` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `C_CITY` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `C_NATION` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `C_REGION` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `C_PHONE` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `C_MKTSEGMENT` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `S_NAME` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `S_ADDRESS` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `S_CITY` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `S_NATION` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `S_REGION` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `S_PHONE` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `P_NAME` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `P_MFGR` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `P_CATEGORY` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `P_BRAND` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `P_COLOR` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `P_TYPE` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `P_SIZE` tinyint NOT NULL,
  `P_CONTAINER` varchar(100) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=OLAP
DUPLICATE KEY(`LO_ORDERDATE`, `LO_ORDERKEY`)
COMMENT 'OLAP'
PARTITION BY RANGE(`LO_ORDERDATE`)
(PARTITION p1992 VALUES [("-2147483648"), ("19930101")),
PARTITION p1993 VALUES [("19930101"), ("19940101")),
PARTITION p1994 VALUES [("19940101"), ("19950101")),
PARTITION p1995 VALUES [("19950101"), ("19960101")),
PARTITION p1996 VALUES [("19960101"), ("19970101")),
PARTITION p1997 VALUES [("19970101"), ("19980101")),
PARTITION p1998 VALUES [("19980101"), ("19990101")))
DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`LO_ORDERKEY`) BUCKETS 48
PROPERTIES (
"replication_allocation" = "tag.location.default: 1",
"min_load_replica_num" = "-1",
"is_being_synced" = "false",
"colocate_with" = "groupxx1",
"storage_medium" = "hdd",
"storage_format" = "V2",
"inverted_index_storage_format" = "V1",
"light_schema_change" = "true",
"disable_auto_compaction" = "false",
"enable_single_replica_compaction" = "false",
"group_commit_interval_ms" = "10000",
"group_commit_data_bytes" = "134217728"
);

缓存中间结果
对高频统计使用物化视图或定期汇总表。

四、注意事项

时区问题：确保数据库服务器与应用时区一致，避免周数偏移。
周定义一致性：业务需求可能要求周从周日或周一开始，需统一 mode 参数。
数据清洗：检查时间字段是否包含空值或异常值（如未来日期）。

示例场景

假设统计订单表 orders 的每周销售额：

SELECT 
  YEARWEEK(LO_ORDERDATE, 1) AS year_week, 
  CONCAT(
    MIN(LO_ORDERDATE), 
    ' 至 ', 
    MAX(LO_ORDERDATE)
  ) AS date_range, 
  SUM(p_size) AS total_sales, 
  COUNT(DISTINCT p_name) AS active_users 
FROM 
  lineorder_flat 
where 
  YEAR(LO_ORDERDATE) = '1998' 
GROUP BY 
  year_week 
ORDER BY 
  year_week;