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【微信公众号】一、获取 access_token

article 2024/11/18 11:49:46

一、获取 access_token

开发环境：Python

说明：

微信公众号的 token，可以通过appid和appsecret登录后获取;
token的有效期为两个小时;
如果本地开发，需要将本机的外网IP设为白名单，如果有服务器直接配置即可。

原理：

定义一个配置文件，用来保存用户名， 密码，token和token获取时间；
读取配置文件，如果token获取时间存在，则根据时间差是否超过两个小时，直接获取或者重新获取。

配置文件 conf.toml如下：

[basic]
app_id = "xxx"
app_secret = "xxx"
access_token = "xxx"
token_time = 1700225491.118164

[web]
user_agents = [ "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/30.0.1599.101", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.71", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en; rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061208 Firefox/2.0.0 Opera 9.50", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:34.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/34.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.4.3.4000 Chrome/30.0.1599.101 Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.114 Safari/537.36 Edg/91.0.864.59",]

相关逻辑的python代码如下

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  : deepboat
# @Desc    : 连接网络 获取 access_token
# @Date    : 2023/11/17 17:41
import json
import random

import requests
import time
import toml


class Basic:
    def __init__(self, conf_file):
        self.confFile = conf_file
        self.confInfo = self.read_toml()
        self.appID = self.confInfo["basic"]["app_id"]
        self.appSecret = self.confInfo["basic"]["app_secret"]
        self.accessToken = self.confInfo["basic"]["access_token"]
        self.tokenTime = self.confInfo["basic"]["token_time"]
        self.userAgent = self.get_user_agent()

    def read_toml(self):
        conf_file = toml.load(self.confFile)
        return conf_file

    def write_toml(self):
        self.confInfo["basic"]["app_id"] = self.appID
        self.confInfo["basic"]["app_secret"] = self.appSecret
        self.confInfo["basic"]["access_token"] = self.accessToken
        self.confInfo["basic"]["token_time"] = self.tokenTime
        with open(self.confFile, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            toml.dump(self.confInfo, f)

    # // 获取token
    def get_wechat_token(self):
        # 判断token是否过期
        if self.which_token_over():

            try:
                params = {
                    "grant_type": "client_credential",
                    "appid": self.appID,
                    "secret": self.appSecret
                }
                headers = {'User-Agent': self.userAgent}
                post_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token"
                response_post = requests.post(url=post_url, params=params, headers=headers)
                print(response_post)
                print(response_post.text)
                res = json.loads(response_post.text)
                access_token = res["access_token"]

                self.accessToken = access_token
                self.tokenTime = time.time()
                self.write_toml()
                return self.accessToken
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
                return False
        else:
            return self.accessToken

    # 判断token是否过期
    def which_token_over(self):
        # 获取当前时间戳 -- 时间戳是自1970年1月1日午夜以来的秒数
        now_time = time.time()
        # 用当前时间戳减去getTokenTime，大于两个小时就判定失效
        hour2 = 2 * 60 * 60
        if now_time - self.tokenTime > hour2:
            return True
        return False

    def get_user_agent(self):
        user_agent = random.choice(self.confInfo["web"]["user_agents"])
        return user_agent


# if __name__ == '__main__':
#     my_basic = Basic("../../docs/conf.toml")
#     my_basic.get_wechat_token()