Fork/Join框架说明
目录
1.说明
2.ForkJoinPool的说明
3.ForkJoinTask的说明
4.任务的提交方式
5.示例
1.说明
Fork/Join框架使用的是分而治之的一种模式,比如常见的map reduce也是这种模式。
分而治之就是把一个很大的任务拆分成多个毫无关系的小任务,多个线程执行这些小任务。
本质上通过递归处理,将大任务进行拆分执行,如果有返回结果,将结果进行合并返回。
框架包含两个关键操作,Fork(分解)和Join(合并),适用于可以分为多个子问题的计算密集型任务,充分利用多核处理器实现多个线程并行执行,提高执行效率。
框架包含一个线程池(ForkJoinPool)和任务(ForkJoinTask)的概念。在任务内实现任务逻辑,并按照最小任务大小进行分割,然后将任务提交到线程池进行处理。
Fork/Join模式的优点在于他能够充分利用多核处理器的并行性,提高计算效率。但是也存在一些局限性,比如某些问题无法自然的拆分成独立的子任务,任务拆分的过大或者过小导致处理性能差别较大。
2.ForkJoinPool的说明
线程池的线程数默认根据cpu逻辑处理器的个数决定,可以手动设定并发执行的线程数。构造函数如下:
// 无参构造函数:通常情况下,并发度的默认值为Runtime.availableProcessors()
public ForkJoinPool() {
this(Math.min(MAX_CAP, Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()),
defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory, null, false);
}
// 指定线程池并发度的构造函数
public ForkJoinPool(int parallelism) {
this(parallelism, defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory, null, false);
}
// 以上两个public构造函数,都将调用如下构造函数
public ForkJoinPool(int parallelism,
ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory factory,
UncaughtExceptionHandler handler,
boolean asyncMode) {
this(checkParallelism(parallelism),
checkFactory(factory),
handler,
asyncMode ? FIFO_QUEUE : LIFO_QUEUE,
"ForkJoinPool-" + nextPoolId() + "-worker-");
checkPermission();
}
(1)parallelism:并行级别,通常默认为 JVM 可用的处理器个数,如下: Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
(2)factory:用于创建 ForkJoinPool 中使用的线程,ForkJoinPool管理的线程均是扩展自Thread类的ForkJoinWorkerThread类型(里面包含了一个双端队列)。如果你不指定factory,那么将由默认的DefaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory负责线程的创建工作。
(3)handler:用于处理工作线程未处理的异常,默认为 null。
(4)asyncMode:用于控制 WorkQueue 的工作模式。当asyncMode为true时,将使用先进先出队列,而为false时则使用后进先出的模式。默认为false,是后进先出模式。
public static ForkJoinPool commonPool() {
// assert common != null : "static init error";
return common;
}
ForkJoinPool还提供了一个static公共池,对应ForkJoinPool中的static final
变量。
ForkJoinPool提供了commonPool()
方法,用于获取公共池。
任何未显式提交到指定池(如自定义的池)的ForkJoinTask,都将使用公共池进行处理。
公共池中的线程,在不使用的时候可以被缓慢回收,而后续使用时又可以恢复,因此使用公共池可以减少资源开销
LIFO及任务窃取:
工作窃取指的是当某个线程的任务队列中没有可执行的任务时,从其他线程的任务队列中来窃取任务进行执行,以充分利用工作线程的计算能力,减少线程由于获取不到任务而造成的空间浪费。在ForkJoinPool中,工作任务的队列都采用双端队列容器,通常在使用队列时,我们都是在队尾插入,而在队头消费实现FIFO,而为了工作窃取,采用的LIFO模式,在队尾插入,在队尾进行消费,工作窃取时,从队列头部获取任务进行执行,使用的是FIFO模式。
3.ForkJoinTask的说明
①有返回值的任务RecursiveTask<T>
②没有返回值的任务RecursiveAction
根据需要继承两个类中的一个,重写compute方法,在方法中进行任务的分解和合并,注意要定义好最小任务的大小。
4.任务的提交方式
①execute
提交异步执行,主线程不会等待。
②invoke
等待并获取执行结果,主线程会等待,直至获取线程的执行结果
③submit
提交执行获取Feture结果,主线程不会等待,可以通过Feture获取执行结果
5.示例
package com.test.forkjoin;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;
/**
* @Author linaibo
* @Date 2023/11/14 11:25
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class ForkJoinTest extends RecursiveTask<List<String>> {
private static final int point = 10;
private int start;
private int end;
private List<String> strList;
public ForkJoinTest(int start, int end, List<String> strList) {
this.start = start;
this.end = end;
this.strList = strList;
}
@Override
protected List<String> compute() {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
if ((end - start) <= point) {
for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
list.add(strList.get(i).toUpperCase());
System.out.println("线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行" + i);
}
} else {
int fen = (start + end) / 2;
ForkJoinTest forkJoinTest1 = new ForkJoinTest(start, fen, strList);
ForkJoinTest forkJoinTest2 = new ForkJoinTest(fen + 1, end, strList);
invokeAll(forkJoinTest1, forkJoinTest2);
List<String> join1 = forkJoinTest1.join();
List<String> join2 = forkJoinTest2.join();
list.addAll(join1);
list.addAll(join2);
}
return list;
}
}
①execute示例
@Test
public void testExecute() {
ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(8);
List<String> strlist = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
strlist.add("qwe" + i);
}
ForkJoinTest forkJoinTest = new ForkJoinTest(0, strlist.size() - 1, strlist);
forkJoinPool.execute(forkJoinTest);
System.out.println(forkJoinPool.getPoolSize());
System.out.println(forkJoinPool.getStealCount());
System.out.println(forkJoinPool.getActiveThreadCount());
System.out.println("执行完成");
}
执行结果:
使用execute,主线程不会等待子线程执行结束。
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com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 easyTest,testExecute
1
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执行完成
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Process finished with exit code 0
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②invoke方式
@Test
public void test() {
ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(8);
List<String> strlist = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
strlist.add("qwe" + i);
}
ForkJoinTest forkJoinTest = new ForkJoinTest(0, strlist.size() - 1, strlist);
List<String> list = forkJoinPool.invoke(forkJoinTest);
System.out.println(forkJoinPool.getPoolSize());
System.out.println(forkJoinPool.getStealCount());
System.out.println(forkJoinPool.getActiveThreadCount());
System.out.println("执行完成");
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(list));
forkJoinPool.shutdown();
}
执行结果
先执行子线程,子线程执行完成之后,进行主线程处理,这是最常用的方式。
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行155
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行18
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行35
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行178
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行39
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行70
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行71
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行42
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行188
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-4执行84
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行94
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行117
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行169
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行189
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行43
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行194
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行170
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行118
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行95
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行119
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行120
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行121
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行171
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行195
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行144
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行73
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行132
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行126
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行127
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行128
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行129
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行172
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行138
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行96
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行97
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行98
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行99
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行139
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行173
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行130
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行74
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行131
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行174
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行140
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行141
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行142
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行143
8
12
0
执行完成
["QWE0","QWE1","QWE2","QWE3","QWE4","QWE5","QWE6","QWE7","QWE8","QWE9","QWE10","QWE11","QWE12","QWE13","QWE14","QWE15","QWE16","QWE17","QWE18","QWE19","QWE20","QWE21","QWE22","QWE23","QWE24","QWE25","QWE26","QWE27","QWE28","QWE29","QWE30","QWE31","QWE32","QWE33","QWE34","QWE35","QWE36","QWE37","QWE38","QWE39","QWE40","QWE41","QWE42","QWE43","QWE44","QWE45","QWE46","QWE47","QWE48","QWE49","QWE50","QWE51","QWE52","QWE53","QWE54","QWE55","QWE56","QWE57","QWE58","QWE59","QWE60","QWE61","QWE62","QWE63","QWE64","QWE65","QWE66","QWE67","QWE68","QWE69","QWE70","QWE71","QWE72","QWE73","QWE74","QWE75","QWE76","QWE77","QWE78","QWE79","QWE80","QWE81","QWE82","QWE83","QWE84","QWE85","QWE86","QWE87","QWE88","QWE89","QWE90","QWE91","QWE92","QWE93","QWE94","QWE95","QWE96","QWE97","QWE98","QWE99","QWE100","QWE101","QWE102","QWE103","QWE104","QWE105","QWE106","QWE107","QWE108","QWE109","QWE110","QWE111","QWE112","QWE113","QWE114","QWE115","QWE116","QWE117","QWE118","QWE119","QWE120","QWE121","QWE122","QWE123","QWE124","QWE125","QWE126","QWE127","QWE128","QWE129","QWE130","QWE131","QWE132","QWE133","QWE134","QWE135","QWE136","QWE137","QWE138","QWE139","QWE140","QWE141","QWE142","QWE143","QWE144","QWE145","QWE146","QWE147","QWE148","QWE149","QWE150","QWE151","QWE152","QWE153","QWE154","QWE155","QWE156","QWE157","QWE158","QWE159","QWE160","QWE161","QWE162","QWE163","QWE164","QWE165","QWE166","QWE167","QWE168","QWE169","QWE170","QWE171","QWE172","QWE173","QWE174","QWE175","QWE176","QWE177","QWE178","QWE179","QWE180","QWE181","QWE182","QWE183","QWE184","QWE185","QWE186","QWE187","QWE188","QWE189","QWE190","QWE191","QWE192","QWE193","QWE194","QWE195","QWE196","QWE197","QWE198","QWE199"]
③submit方式
@Test
public void testSubmit() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
ForkJoinPool forkJoinPool = new ForkJoinPool(8);
List<String> strlist = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
strlist.add("qwe" + i);
}
ForkJoinTest forkJoinTest = new ForkJoinTest(0, strlist.size() - 1, strlist);
ForkJoinTask<List<String>> submit = forkJoinPool.submit(forkJoinTest);
System.out.println(forkJoinPool.getPoolSize());
System.out.println(forkJoinPool.getStealCount());
System.out.println(forkJoinPool.getActiveThreadCount());
System.out.println(submit.get());
System.out.println("执行完成");
}
执行结果
主线程不会等待,执行get方法时,会等待子线程执行完成。
1
0
1
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行5
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行6
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行7
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行8
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行9
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行10
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行11
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行12
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行25
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行26
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-4执行75
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-4执行76
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行50
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行27
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行19
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行38
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行51
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行13
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-4执行77
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行88
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行14
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行63
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行52
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行39
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行20
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行28
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行21
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行40
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行53
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行64
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行15
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行89
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-4执行78
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行90
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行16
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行65
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行54
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行41
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行22
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行29
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行23
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行42
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行55
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行66
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行17
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行91
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-4执行79
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行92
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行93
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行18
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行67
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行56
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行57
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行43
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行24
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行30
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行69
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行44
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行45
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行46
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线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行49
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行58
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7执行68
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行94
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-4执行80
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行95
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行59
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行82
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行70
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行32
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3执行31
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行33
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行34
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行71
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行83
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行60
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行96
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-4执行81
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行97
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行98
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0执行99
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行61
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2执行62
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行84
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行72
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行35
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行73
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行85
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5执行74
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行36
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1执行37
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行86
线程:ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6执行87
[QWE0, QWE1, QWE2, QWE3, QWE4, QWE5, QWE6, QWE7, QWE8, QWE9, QWE10, QWE11, QWE12, QWE13, QWE14, QWE15, QWE16, QWE17, QWE18, QWE19, QWE20, QWE21, QWE22, QWE23, QWE24, QWE25, QWE26, QWE27, QWE28, QWE29, QWE30, QWE31, QWE32, QWE33, QWE34, QWE35, QWE36, QWE37, QWE38, QWE39, QWE40, QWE41, QWE42, QWE43, QWE44, QWE45, QWE46, QWE47, QWE48, QWE49, QWE50, QWE51, QWE52, QWE53, QWE54, QWE55, QWE56, QWE57, QWE58, QWE59, QWE60, QWE61, QWE62, QWE63, QWE64, QWE65, QWE66, QWE67, QWE68, QWE69, QWE70, QWE71, QWE72, QWE73, QWE74, QWE75, QWE76, QWE77, QWE78, QWE79, QWE80, QWE81, QWE82, QWE83, QWE84, QWE85, QWE86, QWE87, QWE88, QWE89, QWE90, QWE91, QWE92, QWE93, QWE94, QWE95, QWE96, QWE97, QWE98, QWE99]
执行完成