【Java并发编程九】同步控制

ReentrantLock(重入锁)

ReentrantLock的基本使用

 ReentrantLock可以自己决定加锁的位置和解锁的位置。

package myTest;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class myTest implements Runnable{
    // 重入锁
    public static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public static int i;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new myTest(), "Thread1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new myTest(), "Thread2");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t1.join();
        t2.join();
        System.out.println(i);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        lock.lock();
        for (int j = 0; j < 10000; j++) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                i ++;
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        lock.unlock();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}
/**
Thread1
Thread2
20000
输出的结果总是上述形式。这是因为Thread1有一个锁是执行完所有循环才会释放。
*/

ReentrantLock.lockInterruptibly() 可中断锁

 如下面代码所示，如果使用ReentrantLock的lock()方法，则会造成死锁。但是使用了lockInterruptibly可中断锁之后，t2在等待2s之后请求另外一个锁没有得到之后，就会不再尝试去获取这个锁，设置中断标志，直接断开。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class myTest implements Runnable{
    // 重入锁
    public static ReentrantLock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();
    public static ReentrantLock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();
    int lock;
    public myTest(int lock) {
        this.lock = lock;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new myTest(1),"Thread1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new myTest(2),"Thread2");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        t2.interrupt();
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            if(lock == 1) {
                lock1.lockInterruptibly();                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始运行");
                Thread.sleep(500);
                lock2.lockInterruptibly();
            } else {
                lock2.lockInterruptibly();                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始运行");
                Thread.sleep(500);
                lock1.lockInterruptibly();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"运行出错！");
//                throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            if(lock1.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                lock1.unlock();
            }
            if (lock2.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                lock2.unlock();
            }            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"退出");
        }
    }
}

ReentrantLock.tryLock() 限时等待锁

 使用中断锁虽然可以解决死锁，但是很出现数据不一致的问题。可以使用tryLock() 去等待锁，如果时间到了还没有获得锁，便直接放弃。
 如下面代码所示，执行慢的线程，在等待5s后，会直接执行else里面的代码。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class myTest implements Runnable{
    // 重入锁
    public static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new myTest(),"Thread1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new myTest(),"Thread2");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            if(lock.tryLock(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } else {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"得到锁失败");
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            if(lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"解锁");
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

公平锁和非公平锁

 ReentrantLock() 默认是非公平锁，默认值为false，两个线程不会公平的获得锁。
 ReentrantLock(true) 为公平锁，两个线程会公平地获取锁，如下面代码所示，两个线程会依次执行。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class myTest implements Runnable{
    // 重入锁
    public static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new myTest(),"Thread1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new myTest(),"Thread2");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true) {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"获得锁");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}