## spring-@Autowired实现

spring-@Autowired实现

我们知道 spring 中有很多的后置处理器 BeanPostProcessor, 而 @Autowired 就是通过 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 来实现的

与之相似的还有 CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 处理 @Resource 注解

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor

构造函数

public AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
    this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Autowired.class);
    this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Value.class);
    try {
        this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add((Class<? extends Annotation>)
                                          ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Inject", AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getClassLoader()));
        logger.trace("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring");
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        // JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
    }
}

可以看出 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 同时处理 @Autowird和@Value 的解析

主要看 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties 方法, postProcessPropertyValues 这个方法被遗弃了

@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
    //找到有autowired 和 value的属性或者方法
    InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
    try {
        metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
    }
    catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
        throw ex;
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
    }
    return pvs;
}


private InjectionMetadata findAutowiringMetadata(String beanName, Class<?> clazz, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) {
    // Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers.
    String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());
    // Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
    InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
    if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
        synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) {
            metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
            if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
                if (metadata != null) {
                    metadata.clear(pvs);
                }
                metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz);
                this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata);
            }
        }
    }
    return metadata;
}

//通过反射获取类字段和带有autowired的注解
private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(Class<?> clazz) {
    if (!AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(clazz, this.autowiredAnnotationTypes)) {
        return InjectionMetadata.EMPTY;
    }

    final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new ArrayList<>();
    Class<?> targetClass = clazz;

    do {
        final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> fieldElements = new ArrayList<>();
        ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {
            MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
            if (ann != null) {
                if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
                    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                        logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
                    }
                    return;
                }
                boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
                fieldElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
            }
        });

        final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> methodElements = new ArrayList<>();
        ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
            Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
            if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
                return;
            }
            MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
            if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
                if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
                    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                        logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
                    }
                    return;
                }
                if (method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
                    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                        logger.info("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +
                                    method);
                    }
                }
                boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
                PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
                methodElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
            }
        });

        elements.addAll(0, sortMethodElements(methodElements, targetClass));
        elements.addAll(0, fieldElements);
        targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
    }
    while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);

    return InjectionMetadata.forElements(elements, clazz);
}

注意，这里加入的是 AutowiredFieldElement 和 AutowiredMethodElement

通过InjectionMetadata#inject方法注入

public void inject(Object target, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
    Collection<InjectedElement> checkedElements = this.checkedElements;
    Collection<InjectedElement> elementsToIterate =
        (checkedElements != null ? checkedElements : this.injectedElements);
    if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) {
        for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) {
            element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);
        }
    }
}

这里就要看 InjectedElement 的实现类了，以刚才 AutowiredFieldElement 为例

private class AutowiredFieldElement extends InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement {

    private final boolean required;

    private volatile boolean cached;

    @Nullable
    private volatile Object cachedFieldValue;

    public AutowiredFieldElement(Field field, boolean required) {
        super(field, null);
        this.required = required;
    }

    @Override
    protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
        Field field = (Field) this.member;
        Object value;
        if (this.cached) {
            try {
                value = resolveCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
            }
            catch (BeansException ex) {
                // Unexpected target bean mismatch for cached argument -> re-resolve
                this.cached = false;
                logger.debug("Failed to resolve cached argument", ex);
                value = resolveFieldValue(field, bean, beanName);
            }
        }
        else {
            value = resolveFieldValue(field, bean, beanName);
        }
        if (value != null) {
            ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
            field.set(bean, value);
        }
    }

    @Nullable
    private Object resolveFieldValue(Field field, Object bean, @Nullable String beanName) {
        DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
        desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
        Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(2);
        Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
        TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
        Object value;
        try {
            value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
        }
        catch (BeansException ex) {
            throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
        }
        synchronized (this) {
            if (!this.cached) {
                if (value != null || this.required) {
                    Object cachedFieldValue = desc;
                    registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
                    if (value != null && autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
                        String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
                        if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
                            beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
                            cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(desc, autowiredBeanName);
                        }
                    }
                    this.cachedFieldValue = cachedFieldValue;
                    this.cached = true;
                }
                else {
                    this.cachedFieldValue = null;
                    // cached flag remains false
                }
            }
        }
        return value;
    }
}

继续跟进 beanFactory.resolveDependency 方法 ，DefaultListableBeanFactory#doResolveDependency:

@Nullable
public Object doResolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName,
                                  @Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {

    InjectionPoint previousInjectionPoint = ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(descriptor);
    try {
        Object shortcut = descriptor.resolveShortcut(this);
        if (shortcut != null) {
            return shortcut;
        }

        Class<?> type = descriptor.getDependencyType();
        Object value = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getSuggestedValue(descriptor);
        if (value != null) {
            if (value instanceof String) {
                String strVal = resolveEmbeddedValue((String) value);
                BeanDefinition bd = (beanName != null && containsBean(beanName) ?
                                     getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName) : null);
                value = evaluateBeanDefinitionString(strVal, bd);
            }
            TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
            try {
                return converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getTypeDescriptor());
            }
            catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
                // A custom TypeConverter which does not support TypeDescriptor resolution...
                return (descriptor.getField() != null ?
                        converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getField()) :
                        converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getMethodParameter()));
            }
        }

        Object multipleBeans = resolveMultipleBeans(descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
        if (multipleBeans != null) {
            return multipleBeans;
        }

        Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
        if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
            if (isRequired(descriptor)) {
                raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
            }
            return null;
        }

        String autowiredBeanName;
        Object instanceCandidate;

        if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) {
            autowiredBeanName = determineAutowireCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);
            if (autowiredBeanName == null) {
                if (isRequired(descriptor) || !indicatesMultipleBeans(type)) {
                    return descriptor.resolveNotUnique(descriptor.getResolvableType(), matchingBeans);
                }
                else {
                    // In case of an optional Collection/Map, silently ignore a non-unique case:
                    // possibly it was meant to be an empty collection of multiple regular beans
                    // (before 4.3 in particular when we didn't even look for collection beans).
                    return null;
                }
            }
            instanceCandidate = matchingBeans.get(autowiredBeanName);
        }
        else {
            // We have exactly one match.
            Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = matchingBeans.entrySet().iterator().next();
            autowiredBeanName = entry.getKey();
            instanceCandidate = entry.getValue();
        }

        if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
            autowiredBeanNames.add(autowiredBeanName);
        }
        if (instanceCandidate instanceof Class) {
            instanceCandidate = descriptor.resolveCandidate(autowiredBeanName, type, this);
        }
        Object result = instanceCandidate;
        if (result instanceof NullBean) {
            if (isRequired(descriptor)) {
                raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
            }
            result = null;
        }
        if (!ClassUtils.isAssignableValue(type, result)) {
            throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(autowiredBeanName, type, instanceCandidate.getClass());
        }
        return result;
    }
    finally {
        ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(previousInjectionPoint);
    }
}

再看 value instanceof String里面的 resolveEmbeddedValue 方法，这个就是处理 @Value处理的逻辑

public String resolveEmbeddedValue(@Nullable String value) {
    if (value == null) {
        return null;
    }
    String result = value;
    for (StringValueResolver resolver : this.embeddedValueResolvers) {
        result = resolver.resolveStringValue(result);
        if (result == null) {
            return null;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

最后交给了 StringValueResolver 去处理

• PropertyPlaceholderConfigurerResolver: 处理占位符
• StaticStringValueResolver: 处理静态变量

private class PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver implements StringValueResolver {

    private final PropertyPlaceholderHelper helper;

    private final PlaceholderResolver resolver;

    public PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver(Properties props) {
        this.helper = new PropertyPlaceholderHelper(
            placeholderPrefix, placeholderSuffix, valueSeparator, ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders);
        this.resolver = new PropertyPlaceholderConfigurerResolver(props);
    }

    @Override
    @Nullable
    public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) throws BeansException {
        String resolved = this.helper.replacePlaceholders(strVal, this.resolver);
        if (trimValues) {
            resolved = resolved.trim();
        }
        return (resolved.equals(nullValue) ? null : resolved);
    }
}

最终都交给 PropertyPlaceholderHelper#replacePlaceholders方法处理

现在回过头看下是在哪里调用了AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#ostProcessProperties,不难发现，是在我们对bean初始化的时候，具体是在AbstractAutowiredCapableBeanFactory#populateBean 方法上:

protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw) {
    if (bw == null) {
        if (mbd.hasPropertyValues()) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to null instance");
        }
        else {
            // Skip property population phase for null instance.
            return;
        }
    }

    // Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the
    // state of the bean before properties are set. This can be used, for example,
    // to support styles of field injection.
    if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
        for (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessorCache().instantiationAware) {
            if (!bp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    PropertyValues pvs = (mbd.hasPropertyValues() ? mbd.getPropertyValues() : null);

    int resolvedAutowireMode = mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode();
    if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME || resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
        MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);
        // Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
        if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
            autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
        }
        // Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
        if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
            autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
        }
        pvs = newPvs;
    }

    boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
    boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != AbstractBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);

    PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = null;
    if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
        if (pvs == null) {
            pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
        }
        for (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessorCache().instantiationAware) {
            //这里就是AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor入口
            PropertyValues pvsToUse = bp.postProcessProperties(pvs, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
            if (pvsToUse == null) {
                if (filteredPds == null) {
                    filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
                }
                pvsToUse = bp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
                if (pvsToUse == null) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            pvs = pvsToUse;
        }
    }
    if (needsDepCheck) {
        if (filteredPds == null) {
            filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
        }
        checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
    }

    if (pvs != null) {
        applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);
    }
}

因为 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 也是 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 子类