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（十三）springboot实战——springboot前后端分离方式项目集成spring securtity安全框架

article 2024/11/28 2:37:15

前言

Spring Security 是一款强大且高度可定制的认证和访问控制框架，它是为了保护基于Spring的应用程序提供安全性支持。Spring Security提供了全面的安全服务，主要针对企业级应用程序的需求。其核心组件主要包含：Authentication（认证）、Authorization（授权）、Principal（主体）、Granted Authority（授予的权限）、Security Context（安全上下文），可提供方法级别的权限认证。其底层主要通过Filter拦截器实现，关于其实现原理，我们会在后面的章节内容中介绍。

本节内容主要是关于前后端分离的项目如何集成spring securtity安全框架，完成用户的认证与授权。也会详细介绍各个配置项及配置组件的使用。

正文

①创建一个springboot web项目，引入spring security的依赖，同时引入mysql和mybatis-plus依赖，用于实现一个数据库版本的spring security安全框架


<dependency>
	<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
	<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
	<version>2.0.22</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
	<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
	<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
	<version>3.5.4</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
	<groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
	<artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
	<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
	<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
	<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

 ②在application.yml中添加数据库配置，用于连接数据库

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.110.88:3306/ht-atp?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useAffectedRows=true&nullCatalogMeansCurrent=true
    username: root
    password: root
server:
  port: 8080

③ 创建一张用户数据库表auth_user，用于存储用户信息

CREATE TABLE `auth_user` (
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `password` varchar(500) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `enabled` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

④创建用户实体AuthUser 

@Data
public class AuthUser {
    @TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    private Boolean enabled;

}

 ⑤创建用户持久层Mapper

package com.yundi.atp.mapper;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.yundi.atp.entity.AuthUser;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;


@Mapper
public interface AuthUserMapper extends BaseMapper<AuthUser> {

}

⑥统一响应请求返回定义

package com.yundi.atp.commom;

import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;


@Data
@Builder
public class ApiResponse<T> {
    @Schema(name = "code", description = "状态码")
    private Integer code;

    @Schema(name = "msg", description = "消息结果")
    private String msg;

    @Schema(name = "data", description = "数据")
    private T data;

    /**
     * 成功统一响应格式
     *
     * @param
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success() {
        ApiResponse<T> apiResponse = new ApiResponse<>(200, "成功", null);
        return apiResponse;
    }


    /**
     * 成功统一响应格式
     *
     * @param
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(String msg) {
        ApiResponse<T> apiResponse = new ApiResponse<>(200, msg, null);
        return apiResponse;
    }

    /**
     * 成功统一响应格式
     *
     * @param data
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(T data) {
        ApiResponse<T> apiResponse = new ApiResponse<>(200, "成功", data);
        return apiResponse;
    }

    /**
     * 成功统一响应格式
     *
     * @param data
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(String msg, T data) {
        ApiResponse<T> apiResponse = new ApiResponse<>(200, msg, data);
        return apiResponse;
    }

    /**
     * 失败统一响应格式
     *
     * @param code
     * @param message
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> fail(Integer code, String message) {
        return new ApiResponse<>(code, message, null);
    }

    /**
     * 失败统一响应格式
     *
     * @param errorCode
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> fail(ErrorCode errorCode) {
        return new ApiResponse<>(errorCode.getCode(), errorCode.getMsg(), null);
    }
}

⑦ 统一错误码定义

package com.yundi.atp.commom;

public enum ErrorCode {
    SYSTEM_ERROR(10000, "系统错误!"),
    UN_AUTH(10001, "用户未认证，请先登录！"),
    AUTH_FAILURE(10002, "认证失败，用户名或密码错误！"),
    UN_ACCESS(10003, "该用户没有此操作权限！"),
    METHOD_ARGS_VALID(10004, "方法参数验证失败！"),
    TOKEN_VALID(10005, "token鉴权失败！"),
    TOKEN_NOT_EXIST(10006, "token不存在！"),
    ;


    private Integer code;
    private String msg;

    ErrorCode(Integer code, String message) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = message;
    }

    public Integer getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public void setCode(Integer code) {
        this.code = code;
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }
}

⑧创建DbUserDetailsManager类实现UserDetailsManager和UserDetailsPasswordService接口方法，用于实现数据库版本的认证权限管理，该类主要是实现用户数据和权限数据的获取，用于认证和授权使用

package com.yundi.atp.auth;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.yundi.atp.entity.AuthUser;
import com.yundi.atp.mapper.AuthUserMapper;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsPasswordService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.UserDetailsManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;


@Service
public class DbUserDetailsManager implements UserDetailsManager, UserDetailsPasswordService {
    @Resource
    private AuthUserMapper authUserMapper;

    @Override
    public UserDetails updatePassword(UserDetails user, String newPassword) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void createUser(UserDetails userDetails) {
        AuthUser authUser = new AuthUser();
        authUser.setUsername(userDetails.getUsername());
        authUser.setPassword(userDetails.getPassword());
        authUser.setEnabled(true);
        authUserMapper.insert(authUser);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateUser(UserDetails user) {

    }

    @Override
    public void deleteUser(String username) {

    }

    @Override
    public void changePassword(String oldPassword, String newPassword) {

    }

    @Override
    public boolean userExists(String username) {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        //查询用户数据
        QueryWrapper<AuthUser> queryWrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
        queryWrapper.eq("username", username);
        AuthUser authUser = authUserMapper.selectOne(queryWrapper);
        if (authUser == null) {
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException(username);
        } else {
            //从数据库获取用户权限列表
            Collection<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();
            authorities.add(() -> "USER_LIST");
            authorities.add(() -> "USER_ADD");
            return new User(
                    //用户账号
                    authUser.getUsername(),
                    //用户密码
                    authUser.getPassword(),
                    //是否启用
                    authUser.getEnabled(),
                    //用户账号是否过期
                    true,
                    //用户凭证是否过期
                    true,
                    //用户是否未被锁定
                    true,
                    //权限列表
                    authorities);
        }
    }
}

⑨创建MyAuthenticationEntryPoint类实现AuthenticationEntryPoint接口，用于未认证的处理

package com.yundi.atp.auth;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ApiResponse;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ErrorCode;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.AuthenticationEntryPoint;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;


@Slf4j
public class MyAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
    @Override
    public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
        log.info("未认证：" + authException);
        //返回响应
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
        response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(ApiResponse.fail(ErrorCode.UN_AUTH)));
    }
}

 ⑩创建MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler类实现AuthenticationSuccessHandler接口，用于认证成功的处理

package com.yundi.atp.auth;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ApiResponse;
import com.yundi.atp.util.TokenUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AuthenticationSuccessHandler;

import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;


@Slf4j
public class MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler implements AuthenticationSuccessHandler {
    @Override
    public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
        AuthenticationSuccessHandler.super.onAuthenticationSuccess(request, response, chain, authentication);
    }

    @Override
    public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication) throws IOException {
        //返回响应
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
        response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(ApiResponse.success("认证成功！")));
    }
}

⑪创建MyAuthenticationFailureHandler类实现AuthenticationFailureHandler接口，用于认证失败的处理

package com.yundi.atp.auth;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ApiResponse;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ErrorCode;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AuthenticationFailureHandler;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;


@Slf4j
public class MyAuthenticationFailureHandler implements AuthenticationFailureHandler {
    @Override
    public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException exception) throws IOException {
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
      response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(ApiResponse.fail(ErrorCode.AUTH_FAILURE)));
    }
}

⑫创建MyLogoutSuccessHandler类实现LogoutSuccessHandler接口，用于退出登录的处理

package com.yundi.atp.auth;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ApiResponse;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutSuccessHandler;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;


@Slf4j
public class MyLogoutSuccessHandler implements LogoutSuccessHandler {
    @Override
    public void onLogoutSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication) throws IOException {
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
        response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(ApiResponse.success("注销成功！")));
    }
}

⑬创建MyAccessDeniedHandler类实现AccessDeniedHandler接口，用于授权不通过的处理

package com.yundi.atp.auth;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ApiResponse;
import com.yundi.atp.commom.ErrorCode;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
import org.springframework.security.web.access.AccessDeniedHandler;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;


@Slf4j
public class MyAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {
    @Override
    public void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException {
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
        response.getWriter().println(JSON.toJSONString(ApiResponse.fail(ErrorCode.UN_ACCESS)));
    }
}

⑭创建spring security的配置类，开启spring security认证以及方法级别的授权

package com.yundi.atp.config;

import com.yundi.atp.auth.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.config.Customizer;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.factory.PasswordEncoderFactories;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;


@EnableMethodSecurity
@Configuration
public class SpringSecurityConfig {
    @Autowired
    private DbUserDetailsManager dbUserDetailsManager;

    @Bean
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager() {
        DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
        authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(dbUserDetailsManager);
        authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder());
        return new ProviderManager(authenticationProvider);
    }

    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        //authorizeRequests()：开启授权保护
        //anyRequest()：对所有请求开启授权保护
        //authenticated()：已认证请求会自动被授权
        http.authorizeRequests(authorize -> {
            //放行路径
            authorize.antMatchers("/webjars/**", "/v3/**", "/doc.html", "/favicon.ico", "/swagger-ui/**").permitAll();
            //其它请求需要认证
            authorize.anyRequest().authenticated();
        });

        //自定义登录
        http.formLogin(formLogin -> {
            formLogin.loginPage("/login").permitAll() //登录页面无需授权即可访问
                    .usernameParameter("username") //自定义表单用户名参数，默认是username
                    .passwordParameter("password");//自定义表单密码参数，默认是password
            //登录认证成功
            formLogin.successHandler(new MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler());
            //登录认证失败
            formLogin.failureHandler(new MyAuthenticationFailureHandler());
        });

        // 基本授权方式
        http.httpBasic(Customizer.withDefaults());

        //自定义注销
        http.logout(logout -> {
            logout.logoutUrl("/logout");
            //删除授权信息
            logout.clearAuthentication(true);
            //删除cookie
            logout.deleteCookies("JSESSIONID");
            //设置session失效
            logout.invalidateHttpSession(true);
            //退出的处理
            logout.addLogoutHandler(new MyLogoutHandler());
            //退出成功的响应
            logout.logoutSuccessHandler(new MyLogoutSuccessHandler());
        });


        //错误处理
        http.exceptionHandling(exception -> {
            //请求未认证的接口
            exception.authenticationEntryPoint(new MyAuthenticationEntryPoint());
            //未授权的接口异常处理：可能会不生效，被全局异常处理器拦截
            exception.accessDeniedHandler(new MyAccessDeniedHandler());
        });

        // 跨域
        http.cors(Customizer.withDefaults());


        //关闭csrf攻击防御
        http.csrf(csrf -> {
            csrf.disable();
        });
        return http.build();
    }

}

⑮spring security的配置说明

1.开启方法级别的权限验证

2.注入自定义的数据库版本的授权管理器

3.放行不需要认证的路径

4.配置登录的认证及认证处理

5.配置基本的授权方式

6.配置用户注销的处理

7.异常的处理

8.跨域的处理

9.关闭csrf攻击防御

⑯使用PasswordEncoderFactories工厂生成一个spring security的密码，创建一个用户用户测试

⑰访问未认证的请求

⑱使用正确的用户名和密码访问登录接口/login，注意这里必须是post请求

⑲使用错误的用户名和密码访问登录接口/login，注意这里必须是post请求

⑳测试接口授权，目前的权限包含USER_LIST、USER_ADD，在DbUserDetailsManager中查询的

㉑访问/logout注销接口，查看结果

结语

关于springboot前后端分离方式项目集成spring securtity安全框架的内容到这里就结束了，我们下期见。。。。。。


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