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基于QT的C++中小项目软件开发架构源码

article 2024/9/30 9:53:49

描述

基于QT信号槽机制实现类之间的交互调用通信，适用于使用不同枚举作为消息交互的类型场景，支持附带任意参数，代码使用方式参考前一篇文章

特性

代码简洁，不超过100行
仅需包含一个头文件Communicator.h，需要通信的业务类继承Communicator，界面类继承VCommunicator或MVCommunicator
消息通过枚举类型定义，支持任意枚举消息，添加枚举无需改动代码。枚举名称区分消息类型，枚举值区分具体消息
使用便捷，只需注册消息和消息处理函数
提供发送消息时，附带any传递任意额外信息
支持多线程，同QT一致的信号槽触发方式，如需控制信号槽触发方式，需要额外补充代码

对比QT信号槽

适用于使用不同枚举作为消息类型场景，支持附带任意参数
使用同QT一样便捷，只需注册消息和消息回调函数。且如果使用QT的信号槽进行通信，不同的消息的类型则需要定义多个connect连接函数，如ELoginMsg、ERunMsg，多一种消息就要多一个connect

Communicator.h

#pragma once
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <functional>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <any>

class MsgHandler {
public:
	using MsgID = size_t;
	using MsgHandleFunc = std::function<void(std::any)>;
	using MsgHandleFuncNoPara = std::function<void()>;
	template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>
	void HandleMsg(T msg, std::any info = std::any{}) {
		m_msgHandlers[HashID(msg)](info);
	}
protected:
	template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>
	MsgID HashID(T msg) {
		return std::hash<std::string>()(typeid(T).name()) ^ std::hash<size_t>()(static_cast<size_t>(msg));
	}
	template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>
	void RegisterMsgHandler(T msg, MsgHandleFuncNoPara func) {
		m_msgHandlers.insert({ HashID(msg),[=] (std::any) { func(); } });
	}
	template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>
	void RegisterMsgHandler(T msg, MsgHandleFunc func) {
		m_msgHandlers.insert({ HashID(msg), func });
	}
	template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>
	void RemoveMsgHandler(T msg) {
		if (auto findit = m_msgHandlers.find(msg); findit != m_msgHandlers.end()) {
			m_msgHandlers.erase(findit);
		}
	}
protected:
	std::unordered_map<MsgID, MsgHandleFunc> m_msgHandlers;
};

#define DEF_COMMUNICATOR_CLASS(CommClassName, QtClassName)											\
class CommClassName : public QtClassName, public MsgHandler {										\
	Q_OBJECT																						\
public:																								\
	CommClassName(QtClassName* parent = nullptr) : QtClassName(parent) {							\
		qRegisterMetaType<MsgID>("MsgID");															\
		qRegisterMetaType<std::any>("std::any");													\
	}																								\
	Q_SIGNAL void SendMsg(MsgID, std::any);															\
public:																								\
	Q_SLOT void HandleHashMsg(MsgID msgID, std::any info = std::any{}) {							\
		if (bool findHandler = m_msgHandlers.find(msgID) != m_msgHandlers.end()) {					\
			m_msgHandlers[msgID](info);																\
		}																							\
	}																								\
public:																								\
	template<typename Receiver>																		\
	void Connect(Receiver* receiver) {																\
		connect(this, &CommClassName::SendMsg, receiver, &Receiver::HandleHashMsg);					\
	}																								\
	template<typename Receiver>																		\
	void Disconnect(Receiver* receiver) {															\
		disconnect(this, &CommClassName::SendMsg, receiver, &Receiver::HandleHashMsg);				\
	}																								\
protected:																							\
	template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum<T>::value, void>>					\
	void Emit(T msg, std::any info = nullptr) {														\
		emit SendMsg(HashID(msg), info);															\
	}																								\
}				
DEF_COMMUNICATOR_CLASS(Communicator, QObject);
DEF_COMMUNICATOR_CLASS(ViewCommunicator, QWidget);
DEF_COMMUNICATOR_CLASS(MViewCommunicator, QMainWindow);

namespace InterConnection {
template<typename Communicator1, typename Communicator2>
void Connect(Communicator1* c1, Communicator2* c2)
{
	c1->Connect(c2);
	c2->Connect(c1);
}

template<typename Communicator1, typename Communicator2>
void Disconnect(Communicator1* c1, Communicator2* c2)
{
	c1->Disconnect(c2);
	c2->Disconnect(c1);
}
}

补充

c++17才支持any，C++17之前的版本可以使用下面的any.h，判断版本大于c++17可以通过宏__cplusplus >= 201703L
any.h

#include <typeinfo>
#include <memory>
namespace std {
class any
{
	class AnyHelperBase
	{
	public:
		virtual const std::type_info& type()const = 0;
		virtual AnyHelperBase* clone()const = 0;
	};

	template<typename T>
	class AnyHelper :public AnyHelperBase
	{
	public:
		T data;
		template<typename ...Args>
		AnyHelper(Args&&... args) :data(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
		AnyHelper(const AnyHelper& rhs) :data(rhs.data) {}
		AnyHelper(const T& value) :data(value) {}
		virtual const std::type_info& type() const
		{
			return typeid(T);
		}
		virtual AnyHelper* clone() const
		{
			return new AnyHelper(*this);
		}
	};
	template<typename T>
	friend T any_cast(const any& a);
private:
	std::unique_ptr<AnyHelperBase> pdata{};
public:
	any() :pdata(nullptr) {}
	template<typename T>
	any(T&& value) : pdata(new AnyHelper<std::decay_t<T>>(value)) {}
	any(const any& rhs) {
		if (rhs.pdata != nullptr) {
			pdata.reset(rhs.pdata->clone());
		}
	}
	any(any& rhs) {
		if (rhs.pdata != nullptr) {
			pdata.reset(rhs.pdata->clone());
		}
	}
	any(any&& rhs) :pdata(rhs.pdata.release()) {}

	const std::type_info& type() const
	{
		return pdata->type();
	}
	bool has_value() const {
		return pdata != nullptr;
	}
	void reset() {
		pdata.reset();
	}
	template<typename T>
	any& operator=(T value) {
		pdata.reset(new AnyHelper<std::decay_t<T>>(value));
		return *this;
	}
	any& operator=(any rhs)
	{
		pdata.reset(rhs.pdata->clone());
		return *this;
	}
};

template<typename T>
T any_cast(const any& a)
{
	auto p = dynamic_cast<any::AnyHelper<std::decay_t<T>>*>(a.pdata.get());
	if (p == nullptr)
		throw std::runtime_error("Bad any cast!");
	return p->data;
}
}