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Ansible for Windows hosts(ansible.windows 模块介绍)

article 2024/10/22 3:29:41

Ansible 具有许多专为 Windows 操作系统设计的模块，它使得自动化 Windows 任务变得简单。下面我将介绍一些常用的 Ansible Windows 模块，以及如何配置 Ansible 以管理 Windows 主机。

更详细的用法请参考：Using Ansible and Windows — Ansible Community Documentation

配置 Ansible 以管理 Windows

在开始使用 Ansible 管理 Windows 主机之前，需要进行一些配置：

安装必要的 Python 库：
- 确保在你的控制节点上安装 pywinrm 和 requests-kerberos 或 requests-ntlm 库，用于远程管理 Windows 主机。
```
pip install pywinrm requests-kerberos requests-ntlm
```

更新 Ansible 配置文件：

在 ansible.cfg 文件中，添加以下内容以配置 Ansible 使用 WinRM 连接到 Windows 主机：

[defaults]
inventory = hosts
remote_user = your_user_name

[inventory]
enable_plugins = host_list, script, yaml, ini, auto, toml

[winrm]
transport = ntlm

配置 Windows 主机：

确保 Windows 主机上启用了 WinRM 服务，并且配置正确。这可以通过运行以下 PowerShell 脚本来完成：

# Configure LCM for Ansible
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Force

ConfigureRemotingForAnsible.ps1

常用的 Windows 模块

文件和目录管理

win_file: 管理文件和目录的存在性、权限等属性。

- name: Ensure a file exists
  ansible.windows.win_file:
    path: C:\path\to\file.txt
    state: touch

- name: Ensure a directory is present
  ansible.windows.win_file:
    path: C:\path\to\directory
    state: directory

软件管理

win_package: 安装或卸载软件包。

- name: Install a package
  ansible.windows.win_package:
    name: "Google Chrome"
    path: "C:\\path\\to\\chrome_installer.exe"
    state: present

- name: Uninstall a package
  ansible.windows.win_package:
    name: "Google Chrome"
    state: absent

服务管理

win_service: 管理 Windows 服务的状态。

- name: Ensure a service is running
  ansible.windows.win_service:
    name: wuauserv
    state: started

- name: Ensure a service is stopped
  ansible.windows.win_service:
    name: wuauserv
    state: stopped

用户和组管理

win_user: 管理 Windows 系统中的用户。

- name: Create a new user
  ansible.windows.win_user:
    name: johndoe
    password: "SecurePassword123!"
    state: present

- name: Delete a user
  ansible.windows.win_user:
    name: johndoe
    state: absent

win_group: 管理 Windows 系统中的组。

- name: Create a new group
  ansible.windows.win_group:
    name: Admins
    state: present

- name: Add a user to a group
  ansible.windows.win_group_membership:
    name: johndoe
    groups: Admins
    state: present

注册表管理

win_regedit: 管理 Windows 注册表项和值。

- name: Add a registry key
  ansible.windows.win_regedit:
    path: HKLM:\Software\MyCompany
    name: TestKey
    state: present

- name: Remove a registry key
  ansible.windows.win_regedit:
    path: HKLM:\Software\MyCompany
    name: TestKey
    state: absent

系统和环境配置

win_environment: 管理 Windows 环境变量。

- name: Set a system environment variable
  ansible.windows.win_environment:
    name: PATH
    value: "C:\path\to\directory"
    state: present
    level: machine

- name: Remove a system environment variable
  ansible.windows.win_environment:
    name: OLD_VAR
    state: absent
    level: machine

示例：简单的 Windows 配置 Playbook

- name: Example playbook for managing Windows hosts
  hosts: windows
  tasks:
    - name: Ensure C:\temp directory exists
      ansible.windows.win_file:
        path: C:\temp
        state: directory

    - name: Install 7-Zip
      ansible.windows.win_package:
        name: 7-Zip
        path: C:\path\to\7zip_installer.exe
        state: present

    - name: Ensure Windows Update service is running
      ansible.windows.win_service:
        name: wuauserv
        start_mode: auto
        state: started

    - name: Set a system environment variable
      ansible.windows.win_environment:
        name: MY_ENV_VAR
        value: "MyValue"
        state: present
        level: machine