python基础（类、实例、属性、方法）

1. 类、实例

类创建的实体叫对象

# 语法
class ClassName(object):
    # 具体内容
    def __init__(self): # self代表实例化对象
        print(“这是一个初始化函数”)
# 实例化
cl = ClassNmae()

1. 实例的属性

class ClassName(object):
    # 具体内容
    def __init__(self): # self代表实例化对象
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

cl = ClassName()
print(cl.__dict__) # 查看所有的属性

2. 实例的方法

# 实例的方法，就是类中的函数

3. 类属性

class Name:
    name = X

4. 类方法

# 对于所有的实例做处理
@classmathod
def get_name(cls):
    pass

5. 静态方法

@staticmethod
def isvalid(**kwargs):
    # 对实例传入的参数做校验

2. 面向对象的特点

1. 继承

# 子类可以继承父类的东西
class Name(父类):
    def __init__(self,xx):
        super().__init__(xx)
        self.time = time # 子类重写属性


    def again(self):
        #重写父类的方法

2. 多态

同一个方法，可以处理不同的数据

len(str)

len(list)

3. 封装

变量的声明

单_声明变量不要随意调用

双__变量私有化，外面不能调用，只能在类里面自己调用

# 封装调用函数
# 在外部将函数当成变量使用
@property
def func():
    pass

#变量的修改器
def age():
    return self.__age
@age.setter
def age(self.age):
    self.__age = age

class Player:
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    @property
    def xm(self):
        return self.name

    @xm.setter
    def xm(self,change_name):
        self.name = change_name

4. 魔法方法

# __init__魔法函数

5. 闭包

ef wrapper(fn):
	def inner(*args,**kargs):
		print("函数执行之前执行")
		fn(*args,**kargs)
		print("函数执行后执行")
	return inner
@wrapper
def func2(name,pwd):
	print(f"账户{name}，密码{pwd}")
func2('Jack',7432)

简单项目

'''
学生


班级

老师

课程

'''

# 信息基类
class User:
    def __init__(self,name,sex,age,id_number):
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex
        self.age = age
        self.id_number = id_number
    def show_infos(self):
        print(f"{26 *'*'}\n姓名：{self.name}\n性别：{self.sex}\n年龄：{self.age}\n学(工)号：{self.id_number}")


class Student(User):
    # 属性：姓名、性别、年龄、学号
    def __init__(self,name,sex,age,id_number,curse):
        super().__init__(name,sex,age,id_number)
        self.curse = curse

    # 查看信息
    def show_infos(self):
        super().show_infos()
        print("已选课程：%s" %self.curse)
    # 添加课程
    def add_curse(self,curse):
        if curse:
            self.curse.append(curse)
        else:
            print("课程不能为空")



class Teacher(User):
    # 属性：姓名、年龄、性别、工号、是否是导员、班级列表
    def __init__(self,name,sex,age,id_number,dao,cla):
        super().__init__(name,sex,age,id_number)
        self.dao = dao
        self.cla = cla

    def show_infos(self):
        super().show_infos()
        print(f"是否是导师：{self.dao}")
        if self.cla:
            for i in self.cla:
                print(i,end=" ")
        else:
            raise Exception("不存在班级信息")
        print()

class Cla:
    # 属性：班级名称、班级号、辅导员、学生
    def __init__(self,name,id_number,teacher,student):
        self.name = name
        self.id_number = id_number
        self.teacher = teacher
        self.student = student
    # 查看班级信息
    def show_infos(self):
        print(f"{10 * '*'}班级信息{10 * '*'}\n班级：{self.name}\n班号：{self.id_number}")
        print(f"老师姓名：{self.teacher.name}")
        print("学生信息：",end="")
        if self.student:
            for i in self.student:
                print(i.name,end=' ')
        else:
            print("班级不存在学生信息")
        print()

    # 添加学生信息
    def add_student(self,student):
        if student in self.student:
            print(f"班级存在{student.name}学生信息，不需要添加")
        else:
            self.student.append(student)

    # 删除学生信息
    def del_student(self,student):
        if student not in self.student:
            print(f"班级不存在{student.name}信息，无需删除")
        else:
            self.student.remove(student)


class Curse:
    curses = []
    # 属性：课名、课程id、老师、学生列表、课程性质、课程容量
    def __init__(self,name,id_number,teacher,student,must,numbers):
        self.name = name
        self.id_number = id_number
        self.teacher = teacher
        self.student = student
        self.must = must
        self.numbers = numbers
        Curse.curses.append(self.name)
        for i in self.student:
            i.add_curse(self.name)

    def show_infos(self):
        print(f"{10 * '*'}课程信息{10 * '*'}\n课程名字：{self.name}\n课程id：{self.id_number}\n课程老师：{self.teacher.name}\n",end="")
        print("学生信息：",end="")
        if self.student:
            for i in self.student:
                print(i.name,end=" ")
        else:
            print("学生信息为空")
        print()
        print("课程属性：%s" %self.must)
        print("可选人数：%d" % self.numbers)
        # 已选人数
        students = len(self.student)

        # 剩余可选人数
        chose = self.numbers - students
        print("课程已选：%d 人" %students)
        print("课程剩余：%d" %chose)

    # 课程新增学生
    def add_student(self,student):
        if student not in self.student:
            self.student.append(student)
            self.student.add_curse(self.name)
        else:
            print(f"课程已经添加学生{student.name}")

    # 课程删除学生
    def sub_student(self,student):
        if student in self.student:
            self.student.remove(student)
        else:
            print(f"学生{student.name}未选择课程{self.name}")

    # 课程列表
    @classmethod
    def curses_info(self):
        return Curse.curses




# 学生tom
tom = Student('Tom','男',18,1159,[])
# 学生jack
jack = Student('Jack','男',28,1160,[])

# 老师jarry
jarry = Teacher('Jarry','男',32,10010,True,["计算机一班","计算机三班","计算机五班"])
# 老师mia
mia = Teacher("Mia",'女',18,10011,False,["计算机二班"])

# 班级1
computer_cla1 = Cla("计算机三班",10086,jarry,[tom])
# 班级2
computer_cla2 = Cla("计算机二班",10087,mia,[jack])

# python课程
python = Curse("python课程",150,jarry,[tom],"必修",10)
java = Curse("java课程",151,jarry,[tom,jack],"必修",5)
tom.show_infos()
# java课程