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C语言用GNU源码编译建构系统工具（GNU BUILD SYSTEM）编译创建源码包

article 2024/12/29 12:02:26

C语言用GNU源码编译建构系统工具（GNU BUILD SYSTEM）编译创建源码包

GNU源码统建构系统工具AUTOTOOLS

Automake 参考手册
Autoconf 参考手册
Libtool 参考手册
系统未安装以上工具的，需要安装！！！

创建工作目录

创建工作目录 mkdir ab，进入目录 cd ab，开始工作！
编辑源码文件 hello.c
代码如下：

/* filename : hello.c */
#include <stdio.h>

/**/
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  printf ("Hello world!\n");
  return 0;
}
/* --(:-)-- */

编辑Makefile.am文件
内容如下：

bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCE = hello.c

运行命令 autoscan，生成配置文件 configure.scan

如下所示：

songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ ls
hello.c  Makefile.am
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ autoscan
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ ls
autoscan.log  configure.scan  hello.c  Makefile.am
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$

将 configure.scan 改名为 configure.ac

改名命令： mv configure.scan configure.ac
configure.scan文件内容如下：

#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ([2.69])
AC_INIT([FULL-PACKAGE-NAME], [VERSION], [BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])

# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.

AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT

修改源码包名字、版本、出错报告邮件地址，加入AUTOMAKE相关配置

FULL-PACKAGE-NAME 源码包名字全称
VERSION 源码包版本号
BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS 报错邮件地址
加入AUTOMAKE配置，AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
-Wall -Werror foreign 表示输出全部出错信息，定义源码包为外部包（非GNU系统内部的，如果是内部的要加入相关说明和开源声明等信息文件）！！！

只修改这两行即可，内容如下：

AC_INIT([hello], [1.0], [gwsong52@qq.com])
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([ -Wall -Werror foreign ])

运行autoreconf命令

autoreconf --install，加参数–install，为源码包安装（复制）相关的宏文件到工作目录
autoreconf同时创建configure脚本，为生成Makefile做准备

如下所示：

songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ ls
configure.ac  hello.c  Makefile.am
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ autoreconf --install
configure.ac:11: installing './compile'
configure.ac:6: installing './install-sh'
configure.ac:6: installing './missing'
Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ ls
aclocal.m4      compile      configure     depcomp  install-sh   Makefile.in
autom4te.cache  config.h.in  configure.ac  hello.c  Makefile.am  missing
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$

运行configure脚本，指定安装目录前缀为/tmp/foo，创建Makefile文件

运行： ./configure --prefix=/tmp/foo
将安装目录定为/tmp/foo，测试用临时目录，避免造成系统混乱！！！
可执行文件安装到/tmp/foo/bin目录下！

如下所示：

songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ ./configure --prefix=/tmp/foo
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking whether gcc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$

Makefile文件已创建出来，可以运行make命令了

运行 make 命令
运行 ./hello 查看编译结果是否符合预期！！！

如下所示：

songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ ls
aclocal.m4      config.h     config.status  depcomp     Makefile     missing
autom4te.cache  config.h.in  configure      hello.c     Makefile.am  stamp-h1
compile         config.log   configure.ac   install-sh  Makefile.in
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ make
make  all-am
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/ab”
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.     -g -O2 -MT hello.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/hello.Tpo -c -o hello.o hello.c
mv -f .deps/hello.Tpo .deps/hello.Po
gcc  -g -O2   -o hello hello.o  
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/ab”
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ ls
aclocal.m4      config.h.in    configure.ac  hello.o      Makefile.in
autom4te.cache  config.log     depcomp       install-sh   missing
compile         config.status  hello         Makefile     stamp-h1
config.h        configure      hello.c       Makefile.am
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ ./hello
Hello world!
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$

顺利通过，make命令的其他参数

通过configure脚本生成的Makefile功能丰富！！！
make 编译，默认为 make all
make install 安装
make uninstall 缷载（反安装）
make dist 打包，生成tar.gz格式的源码包
make clean 清除编译结果
make distclean 清除编译结果，同时清除Makefile，configure脚本运行时创建的文件

如下所示：

songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ make dist
make  dist-gzip am__post_remove_distdir='@:'
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/ab”
if test -d "hello-1.0"; then find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "hello-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "hello-1.0"; }; else :; fi
test -d "hello-1.0" || mkdir "hello-1.0"
test -n "" \
|| find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
	-exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/bash /home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/ab/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
|| chmod -R a+r "hello-1.0"
tardir=hello-1.0 && ${TAR-tar} chof - "$tardir" | eval GZIP= gzip --best -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/ab”
if test -d "hello-1.0"; then find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "hello-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "hello-1.0"; }; else :; fi
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$ ls
aclocal.m4      config.h.in    configure.ac      hello.c     Makefile.am
autom4te.cache  config.log     depcomp           hello.o     Makefile.in
compile         config.status  hello             install-sh  missing
config.h        configure      hello-1.0.tar.gz  Makefile    stamp-h1
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab$

解包hello-1.0.tar.gz，重构测试一下

解包命令 tar xvfz hello-1.0.tar.gz
进入hello-1.0目录
运行configure脚本
重新运行make和make install

如下所示：

songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab/hello-1.0$ make
make  all-am
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/ab/hello-1.0”
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.     -g -O2 -MT hello.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/hello.Tpo -c -o hello.o hello.c
mv -f .deps/hello.Tpo .deps/hello.Po
gcc  -g -O2   -o hello hello.o  
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/ab/hello-1.0”
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab/hello-1.0$ make install
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/ab/hello-1.0”
 /bin/mkdir -p '/tmp/foo/bin'
  /usr/bin/install -c hello '/tmp/foo/bin'
make[1]: 对“install-data-am”无需做任何事。
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/ab/hello-1.0”
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab/hello-1.0$

查看安装结果，运行hello检测一下

安装目录前缀为prefix /tmp/foo

如下所示：

songvm@ubuntu:~$ ls /tmp/foo/bin
hello
songvm@ubuntu:~$ /tmp/foo/bin/hello
Hello world!

运行make uninstall命令缷载hello

如下所示：

songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab/hello-1.0$ make uninstall
 ( cd '/tmp/foo/bin' && rm -f hello )
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/ab/hello-1.0$

以上操作，就可以将hello-1.0.tar.gz源码包上传论坛共享给朋友了！！！

再重构一下，将源码保存在src目录下

创建工作目录ac，进入目录ac，创建源码目录src
在ac目录下编辑Makefile.am，内容如下：
Makefile.am

SUBDIRS = src

在src目录下编辑Makefile.am，内容如下：
src/Makefile.am

bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCE = hello.c

再运行autoscan生成脚本配置文件

会发现ACOUTPUT多了一行，每个目录都生成一个Makefile！！！
编辑配置文件configureac将版本号由1.0改为1.1！

内容如下：

#                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ([2.69])
AC_INIT([hello], [1.1], [gwsong52@qq.com])
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([ -Wall -Werror foreign ])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/hello.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])

# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.

AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
                 src/Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT

运行autoreconf --install，注意加install参数！！！

依次运行下列命令，查看运行结果：
configure
make
hello
make dist
make install
make uninstall

如下所示：

songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ ls
autoscan.log  configure.ac  Makefile.am  src
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ autoreconf --install
configure.ac:11: installing './compile'
configure.ac:6: installing './install-sh'
configure.ac:6: installing './missing'
src/Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ ./configure --prefix=/tmp/foo
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking whether gcc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating src/Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ make
make  all-recursive
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
Making all in src
make[2]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/src”
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I..     -g -O2 -MT hello.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/hello.Tpo -c -o hello.o hello.c
mv -f .deps/hello.Tpo .deps/hello.Po
gcc  -g -O2   -o hello hello.o  
make[2]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/src”
make[2]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
make[2]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ ./hello
bash: ./hello: 没有那个文件或目录
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ ./src/hello
Hello world!
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ make dist
make  dist-gzip am__post_remove_distdir='@:'
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
if test -d "hello-1.1"; then find "hello-1.1" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "hello-1.1" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "hello-1.1"; }; else :; fi
test -d "hello-1.1" || mkdir "hello-1.1"
 (cd src && make  top_distdir=../hello-1.1 distdir=../hello-1.1/src \
     am__remove_distdir=: am__skip_length_check=: am__skip_mode_fix=: distdir)
make[2]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/src”
make[2]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/src”
test -n "" \
|| find "hello-1.1" -type d ! -perm -755 \
	-exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/bash /home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
|| chmod -R a+r "hello-1.1"
tardir=hello-1.1 && ${TAR-tar} chof - "$tardir" | eval GZIP= gzip --best -c >hello-1.1.tar.gz
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
if test -d "hello-1.1"; then find "hello-1.1" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "hello-1.1" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "hello-1.1"; }; else :; fi
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ ls
aclocal.m4      config.h       configure      hello-1.1.tar.gz  Makefile.in
autom4te.cache  config.h.in    configure.ac   install-sh        missing
autoscan.log    config.log     configure.ac~  Makefile          src
compile         config.status  depcomp        Makefile.am       stamp-h1
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ make install
Making install in src
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/src”
make[2]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/src”
 /bin/mkdir -p '/tmp/foo/bin'
  /usr/bin/install -c hello '/tmp/foo/bin'
make[2]: 对“install-data-am”无需做任何事。
make[2]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/src”
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/src”
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
make[2]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
make[2]: 对“install-exec-am”无需做任何事。
make[2]: 对“install-data-am”无需做任何事。
make[2]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ /tmp/foo/bin/hello
Hello world!
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$ make uninstall
Making uninstall in src
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/src”
 ( cd '/tmp/foo/bin' && rm -f hello )
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc/src”
make[1]: 进入目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
make[1]: 对“uninstall-am”无需做任何事。
make[1]: 离开目录“/home/songvm/works/xdn/aoo/abc”
songvm@ubuntu:~/works/xdn/aoo/abc$