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rust构建web服务器

article 2024/11/13 22:49:11

文章目录

单线程服务器
多线程服务器
优雅停机与清理
参考

单线程服务器

src/main.rs

use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();

    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        handle_connection(stream);
    }
}

fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
    // let mut buffer = [0; 1024];

    // stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();

    // // String::from_utf8_lossy 将数组切片转成字符串
    // println!("Request: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..]));

    let mut buffer = [0; 1024];
    stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();

    let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n"; //获取字符串的字节表示

    if buffer.starts_with(get) {
        let contents = fs::read_to_string("hello.html").unwrap();

        let response = format!(
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
            contents.len(),
            contents
        );

        stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
        stream.flush().unwrap();
    } else {
        // 其他请求
        let status_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND";
        let contents = fs::read_to_string("404.html").unwrap();

        let response = format!(
            "{}\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
            status_line,
            contents.len(),
            contents
        );

        stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
        stream.flush().unwrap();
    }
}

// HTTP一个请求有如下格式：CRLF 序列也可以写成 \r\n
// Method Request-URI HTTP-Version CRLF
// headers CRLF
// message-body

// 响应:HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n

hello.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Hello!</title>
</head>

<body>
    <h1>Hello!</h1>
    <p>Hi from Rust</p>
</body>

</html>

404.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Hello!</title>
</head>

<body>
    <h1>Oops!</h1>
    <p>Sorry, I don't know what you're asking for.</p>
</body>

</html>

重构

use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();

    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        handle_connection(stream);
    }
}

fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
    let mut buffer = [0; 1024];
    stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
    let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";

    let (status_line, filename) = if buffer.starts_with(get) {
        ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", "hello.html")
    } else {
        ("HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND", "404.html")
    };

    let contents = fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();

    let response = format!(
        "{}HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
        status_line,
        contents.len(),
        contents
    );

    stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
    stream.flush().unwrap();
}

// HTTP一个请求有如下格式：CRLF 序列也可以写成 \r\n
// Method Request-URI HTTP-Version CRLF
// headers CRLF
// message-body

// 响应:HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n

多线程服务器

在这里插入图片描述

lib.rs

use std::{
    sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex},
    thread,
};

pub struct ThreadPool {
    workers: Vec<Worker>,
    sender: mpsc::Sender<Job>,
}
// 持有发送到channal的闭包
// Job是某个特征对象的类型别名
type Job = Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send + 'static>;

impl ThreadPool {
    /// 创建线程池。
    ///
    /// 线程池中线程的数量。
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// `new` 函数在 size 为 0 时会 panic。
    pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
        assert!(size > 0);

        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
        //Arc 多线程安全的智能指针
        let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));

        let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);

        for id in 0..size {
            workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver)));
        }

        ThreadPool { workers, sender }
    }

    pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
    where
        F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
    {
        let job = Box::new(f);

        self.sender.send(job).unwrap();
    }
}
struct Worker {
    id: usize,
    thread: thread::JoinHandle<()>,
}

impl Worker {
    fn new(id: usize, receiver: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<Job>>>) -> Worker {
        let thread = thread::spawn(move || loop {
            // receiver.lock() 获取一个互斥锁,recv()从channel获取一个job
            let job = receiver.lock().unwrap().recv().unwrap();

            println!("Worker {} got a job; executing.", id);

            job();
        });

        Worker { id, thread }
    }
}

main.rs

use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;

use std::thread;
use std::time::Duration;

use server::ThreadPool;

fn main() {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
    let pool = ThreadPool::new(4);

    for stream in listener.incoming() {
        let stream = stream.unwrap();

        pool.execute(|| {
            handle_connection(stream);
        });
    }
}

fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
    let mut buffer = [0; 1024];
    stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();

    let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
    let sleep = b"GET /sleep HTTP/1.1\r\n";

    let (status_line, filename) = if buffer.starts_with(get) {
        ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", "hello.html")
    } else if buffer.starts_with(sleep) {
        thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
        ("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", "hello.html")
    } else {
        ("HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND", "404.html")
    };

    let contents = fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();

    let response = format!(
        "{}HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
        status_line,
        contents.len(),
        contents
    );

    stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
    stream.flush().unwrap();
}

优雅停机与清理

lib.rs

use std::{
    sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex},
    thread,
};

pub struct ThreadPool {
    workers: Vec<Worker>,
    sender: mpsc::Sender<Message>,
}
// 持有发送到channal的闭包
// Job是某个特征对象的类型别名
type Job = Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send + 'static>;

// 向线程发送信号使其停止接收任务
enum Message {
    NewJob(Job),
    Terminate,
}

impl ThreadPool {
    /// 创建线程池。
    ///
    /// 线程池中线程的数量。
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// `new` 函数在 size 为 0 时会 panic。
    pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
        assert!(size > 0);

        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
        //Arc 多线程安全的智能指针
        let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));

        let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);

        for id in 0..size {
            workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver)));
        }

        ThreadPool { workers, sender }
    }

    pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
    where
        F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
    {
        let job = Box::new(f);

        self.sender.send(Message::NewJob(job)).unwrap();
    }
}

// 为 ThreadPool 实现 Drop Trait
impl Drop for ThreadPool {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        println!("Sending terminate message to all workers.");

        for _ in &mut self.workers {
            self.sender.send(Message::Terminate).unwrap();
        }

        for worker in &mut self.workers {
            println!("Shutting down worker {}", worker.id);

            if let Some(thread) = worker.thread.take() {
                thread.join().unwrap();
            }
        }
    }
}
// 如果 Worker 存放的是 Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>，就可以在 Option 上调用 take 方法将值
//从 Some 成员中移动出来
//而对 None 成员不做处理。换句话说，正在运行的 Worker 的 thread 将是 Some 成员值，
//而当需要清理 worker 时，将 Some 替换为 None，这样 worker 就没有可以运行的线程了
struct Worker {
    id: usize,
    thread: Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>>,
}

impl Worker {
    fn new(id: usize, receiver: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<Message>>>) -> Worker {
        let thread = thread::spawn(move || loop {
            let message = receiver.lock().unwrap().recv().unwrap();

            match message {
                Message::NewJob(job) => {
                    println!("Worker {} got a job; executing.", id);

                    job();
                }
                Message::Terminate => {
                    println!("Worker {} was told to terminate.", id);

                    break;
                }
            }
        });

        Worker {
            id,
            thread: Some(thread),
        }
    }
}

src/bin/main.rs

use std::{
    sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex},
    thread,
};

pub struct ThreadPool {
    workers: Vec<Worker>,
    sender: mpsc::Sender<Message>,
}
// 持有发送到channal的闭包
// Job是某个特征对象的类型别名
type Job = Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send + 'static>;

// 向线程发送信号使其停止接收任务
enum Message {
    NewJob(Job),
    Terminate,
}

impl ThreadPool {
    /// 创建线程池。
    ///
    /// 线程池中线程的数量。
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// `new` 函数在 size 为 0 时会 panic。
    pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
        assert!(size > 0);

        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
        //Arc 多线程安全的智能指针
        let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));

        let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);

        for id in 0..size {
            workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver)));
        }

        ThreadPool { workers, sender }
    }

    pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
    where
        F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
    {
        let job = Box::new(f);

        self.sender.send(Message::NewJob(job)).unwrap();
    }
}

// 为 ThreadPool 实现 Drop Trait
impl Drop for ThreadPool {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        println!("Sending terminate message to all workers.");

        for _ in &mut self.workers {
            self.sender.send(Message::Terminate).unwrap();
        }

        for worker in &mut self.workers {
            println!("Shutting down worker {}", worker.id);

            if let Some(thread) = worker.thread.take() {
                thread.join().unwrap();
            }
        }
    }
}
// 如果 Worker 存放的是 Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>，就可以在 Option 上调用 take 方法将值
//从 Some 成员中移动出来
//而对 None 成员不做处理。换句话说，正在运行的 Worker 的 thread 将是 Some 成员值，
//而当需要清理 worker 时，将 Some 替换为 None，这样 worker 就没有可以运行的线程了
struct Worker {
    id: usize,
    thread: Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>>,
}

impl Worker {
    fn new(id: usize, receiver: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<Message>>>) -> Worker {
        let thread = thread::spawn(move || loop {
            let message = receiver.lock().unwrap().recv().unwrap();

            match message {
                Message::NewJob(job) => {
                    println!("Worker {} got a job; executing.", id);

                    job();
                }
                Message::Terminate => {
                    println!("Worker {} was told to terminate.", id);

                    break;
                }
            }
        });

        Worker {
            id,
            thread: Some(thread),
        }
    }
}