Spring框架整合单元测试

目录

一、配置文件方式

1.导入依赖

2.编写类和方法

3.配置文件applicationContext-test.xml

4.测试类

5.运行结果

二、全注解方式

1.编写类和方法

2.配置类

3.测试类

4.运行结果

每次进行单元测试的时候，都需要编写创建工厂，加载配置文件等相关操作，比较繁琐，现在Spring提供了整合Junit单元测试的技术，可以简化测试开发，所以必须首先要有Junit单元测试的环境，也就是要导入Junit单元测试的依赖，还有spring-test的依赖

这里用了两种方式去整合，一种是配置文件的方式，一种是全注解的方式

一、配置文件方式

1.导入依赖

需要导入spring的核心依赖、Junit单元测试的依赖和spring-test的依赖

    <dependencies>
        <!--spring的核心依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
        <!--日志-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.12</version>
        </dependency>
        
        ------------------------------------------------------
        //主要是这个
        <!--测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        -------------------------------------------------------
       
         <!--连接池-->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
        
        ------------------------------------------------------------
        //也得有这个
        <!--spring-test-->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        ----------------------------------------------------------

    </dependencies>

2.编写类和方法

把该类交给spring去管理

public class User {
    public void sayHello(){
        System.out.println("Hello--------------");
    }
}

3.配置文件applicationContext-test.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <!--整合单元测试-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.test.pojo.User"></bean>
</beans>

4.测试类

import com.test.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/*
* Spring整合Junit单元测试
* */
@RunWith(value = SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  //运行单元测试
@ContextConfiguration(value = "classpath:applicationContext-test.xml")//加载类路径下的配置文件
public class Demo {
    //按类型自动注入
    @Autowired
    private User user;
    @Test
    public void run1(){
        user.sayHello();
    }
}

5.运行结果

二、全注解方式

依赖没有变，只是没有配置文件了，换成了配置类；

并且重新换了一个类Customer，没有用配置文件方式里的User类

1.编写类和方法

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Customer {
    public void save(){
        System.out.println("保存客户");
    }
}

2.配置类

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration//声明当前是配置类
@ComponentScan(value = "com.test.pojo") //扫描包
public class SpringConfig {
    
}

3.测试类

import com.test.config.SpringConfig;
import com.test.pojo.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(value = SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  //运行单元测试
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)//加载配置类
public class Demo1 {
    @Autowired //按类型注入
    private Customer customer;
    @Test
    public void run1(){
        customer.save();
    }

}

4.运行结果