django的model.py admin.py views.py 中 的可循环遍历的 精简案例

使用循环来写models.py中的模型

使用循环来写admin.py中的定义后台栏目

使用循环来写api

如下面这个图中，推荐多个商品，字段变量是有逻辑的变换的

它的api的接口内容为:

{
    "articles": [
        {
            "title_cn": "测试文章1【标题】",
            "title_en": null,
            "summary_cn": "文章概括中文",
            "summary_en": "",
            "content_cn": "文章富文本--中文:",
            "content_en": "",
            "product_1": true,
            "product_1_title_cn": "有推荐商品1",
            "product_1_title_en": null,
            "product_1_summary_cn": "有推荐商品1的商品大致概括",
            "product_1_summary_en": "",
            "product_1_link_cn": null,
            "product_1_link_en": null,
            "image_1": null,
            "tag_choice_1": "circle_image",
            "product_2": false,
            "product_2_title_cn": "有推荐商品2",
            "product_2_title_en": null,
            "product_2_summary_cn": "",
            "product_2_summary_en": "",
            "product_2_link_cn": null,
            "product_2_link_en": null,
            "image_2": null,
            "tag_choice_2": "no_image",
            "product_3": false,
            "product_3_title_cn": null,
            "product_3_title_en": null,
            "product_3_summary_cn": "",
            "product_3_summary_en": "",
            "product_3_link_cn": null,
            "product_3_link_en": null,
            "image_3": null,
            "tag_choice_3": "no_image",
            "product_4": false,
            "product_4_title_cn": null,
            "product_4_title_en": null,
            "product_4_summary_cn": "",
            "product_4_summary_en": "",
            "product_4_link_cn": null,
            "product_4_link_en": null,
            "image_4": null,
            "tag_choice_4": "no_image",
            "product_5": false,
            "product_5_title_cn": null,
            "product_5_title_en": null,
            "product_5_summary_cn": "",
            "product_5_summary_en": "",
            "product_5_link_cn": null,
            "product_5_link_en": null,
            "image_5": null,
            "tag_choice_5": "no_image",
            "created_at": "2024-12-17T17:14:43.173Z",
            "updated_at": "2024-12-17T17:14:43.173Z",
            "change_count": 0,
            "modification_times": []
        }
    ]
}

使用循环来写models.py中的模型

这时，models.py中的可以配置为

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
import json

class Article(models.Model):

    # 图片形状的选项
    NO_IMAGE = 'no_image'
    CIRCLE_IMAGE = 'circle_image'
    SQUARE_IMAGE = 'square_image'
    TRIANGLE_IMAGE = 'triangle_image'
    HEXAGON_IMAGE = 'hexagon_image'
    
    IMAGE_TAG_CHOICES = [
        (NO_IMAGE, '无图片'),        # 无图片
        (CIRCLE_IMAGE, '圆形图片'), # 圆形图片
        (SQUARE_IMAGE, '方形图片'), # 方形图片
        (TRIANGLE_IMAGE, '三角形图片'), # 三角形图片
        (HEXAGON_IMAGE, '六边形图片'),   # 六边形图片
    ] 

    # 标题字段
    title_cn = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='文章中文标题')
    title_en = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='文章英文标题')
    
    # 文章概括字段
    summary_cn = models.TextField(verbose_name='文章概括中文')
    summary_en = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='文章概括英文')
    
    # 内容字段
    content_cn = models.TextField(verbose_name='文章富文本--中文')
    content_en = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='文章富文本--英文')
    
    ## 动态生成推荐商品和图片字段 Recommended Products (Repeat 5 times)
    for i in range(1, 6):
        locals()[f'product_{i}'] = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name=f'推荐商品{i}【打勾后将会在主页列表中显示推荐】')
        locals()[f'product_{i}_title_cn'] = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name=f'推荐商品{i}标题--中文')
        locals()[f'product_{i}_title_en'] = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name=f'推荐商品{i}标题--英文')
        locals()[f'product_{i}_summary_cn'] = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name=f'推荐商品{i}商品大致概括--中文')
        locals()[f'product_{i}_summary_en'] = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name=f'推荐商品{i}商品大致概括--英文')
        locals()[f'product_{i}_link_cn'] = models.URLField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name=f'推荐商品{i}的链接--中文')
        locals()[f'product_{i}_link_en'] = models.URLField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name=f'推荐商品{i}的链接--英文')
        # 图片字段和对应的标签选择字段
        # locals()[f'image_{i}'] = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/', verbose_name=f'图片{i}路径')
        # 使图片字段可为空
        locals()[f'image_{i}'] = models.ImageField(
            upload_to='images/',
            verbose_name=f'图片{i}路径',
            null=True,  # 允许数据库中此字段为null
            blank=True  # 允许表单中此字段为空
        )
        # 商品图片形状
        locals()[f'tag_choice_{i}'] = models.CharField(
            max_length=20,
            choices=IMAGE_TAG_CHOICES,
            default=NO_IMAGE,
            verbose_name=f'图片{i}标签选择'
        )


    # # 时间戳字段 Timestamps
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='最后修改时间')
    change_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='更改次数')
    
    # 修改时间（存储为JSON列表） Modification Times (stored as a JSON list)
    modification_times = models.TextField(default='[]', verbose_name='修改时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '文章'
        verbose_name_plural = '文章'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title_cn

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self.pk:
            self.change_count += 1
            mod_times = json.loads(self.modification_times)
            mod_times.append(timezone.now().isoformat())
            self.modification_times = json.dumps(mod_times)
        super().save(*args, **kwargs)
    
    def get_modification_times(self):
        return json.loads(self.modification_times)

使用循环来写admin.py中的定义后台栏目

from django.contrib import admin
from django.utils.html import format_html
from .models import Article

class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title_cn', 'title_en', 'summary_cn', 'summary_en', 'recommended_products_count', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'change_count')
    search_fields = ('title_cn', 'title_en')
    
    # Define fieldsets to organize form layout
    fieldsets = (
        ('标题', {
            'fields': (('title_cn', 'title_en'),)
        }),
        ('概括', {
            'fields': (('summary_cn', 'summary_en'),)
        }),
        ('内容', {
            'fields': (('content_cn', 'content_en'),)
        }),
    )
    
    # Dynamically add fieldsets for recommended products
    for i in range(1, 6):
        fieldsets += (
            (f'推荐商品{i}', {
                'fields': (
                    f'product_{i}', f'product_{i}_title_cn', f'product_{i}_title_en', 
                    f'product_{i}_summary_cn', f'product_{i}_summary_en', 
                    f'product_{i}_link_cn', f'product_{i}_link_en',
                    f'image_{i}', f'tag_choice_{i}'
                )
            }),
        )
    
    readonly_fields = ('created_at', 'updated_at', 'change_count', 'modification_times')

    def recommended_products_count(self, obj):
        count = sum([getattr(obj, f'product_{i}') for i in range(1, 6)])
        if count:
            return format_html('<span>✔</span> {}', count)
        else:
            return format_html('<span>✖</span> {}', count)
    recommended_products_count.short_description = '推荐商品数量'

admin.site.register(Article, ArticleAdmin)

使用循环来写api

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
from .models import Article
from django.http import JsonResponse

def latest_articles_json(request):

    articles = Article.objects.all().order_by('-created_at')[:10]
    articles_list = []
    
    for article in articles:
        article_data = {
            'title_cn': article.title_cn,
            'title_en': article.title_en,
            'summary_cn': article.summary_cn,
            'summary_en': article.summary_en,
            'content_cn': article.content_cn,
            'content_en': article.content_en,
            'created_at': article.created_at,
            'updated_at': article.updated_at,
            'change_count': article.change_count,
            'modification_times': article.get_modification_times(),
        }
        
        # Add product and image details
        for i in range(1, 6):
            article_data.update({
                f'product_{i}': getattr(article, f'product_{i}'),
                f'product_{i}_title_cn': getattr(article, f'product_{i}_title_cn'),
                f'product_{i}_title_en': getattr(article, f'product_{i}_title_en'),
                f'product_{i}_summary_cn': getattr(article, f'product_{i}_summary_cn'),
                f'product_{i}_summary_en': getattr(article, f'product_{i}_summary_en'),
                f'product_{i}_link_cn': getattr(article, f'product_{i}_link_cn'),
                f'product_{i}_link_en': getattr(article, f'product_{i}_link_en'),
                f'image_{i}': getattr(article, f'image_{i}').url if getattr(article, f'image_{i}') else None,
                f'tag_choice_{i}': getattr(article, f'tag_choice_{i}'),
            })

        articles_list.append(article_data)
    
    return JsonResponse({'articles': articles_list})