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RabbitMQ：python基础调用

article 2025/2/6 21:30:32

前言

紧接上回在windows上安装了最新版的RabbitMQ：

RabbitMQ：windows最新版本4.0.5安装方案-CSDN博客

这是官方给出的使用文档：How to Use RabbitMQ | RabbitMQ

这里我给出通过AI学习到的python使用方法

理论截图

python直接使用pip安装pika模块即可开始使用RabbitMQ：

pip install pika

常用需要实现的队列模式

代码实现

话不多说，直接上代码

1、连接和关闭RabbitMQ服务

import pika

# 创建连接
# 使用自定义的用户名和密码连接到 RabbitMQ
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('manfish', '52manfish')
connection_params = pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost',  # RabbitMQ 服务器的主机名
    port=5672,         # RabbitMQ 的默认端口
    virtual_host='manfish',  # 虚拟主机名称
    credentials=credentials  # 认证凭证
)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(connection_params)
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明队列json_queue
queue_name = 'json_queue'
channel.queue_declare(queue=queue_name)

# 关闭连接
connection.close()

注意：当不填写账号密码时，模块将自动以guest管理员默认账密（guest/guest）连接，不建议养成这种习惯

另：用户需要使用相同虚拟主机传递队列消息

这里是webui上设置账密及分配虚拟主机的截图：

2、直接队列

消费者

import pika
import json

# 创建连接
# 使用自定义的用户名和密码连接到 RabbitMQ
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('manfish1', '123456')
connection_params = pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost',  # RabbitMQ 服务器的主机名
    port=5672,         # RabbitMQ 的默认端口
    virtual_host='manfish1',  # 虚拟主机名称
    credentials=credentials  # 认证凭证
)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(connection_params)
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明队列
queue_name = 'json_queue'
channel.queue_declare(queue=queue_name)

# 定义回调函数
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print('------- get a msg -------')
    # 将 JSON 字符串反序列化为 Python 对象
    message_data = json.loads(body)
    print(f" [x] Received JSON message: {message_data}")

    # 打印 method 参数的详细信息
    print(f" [x] Delivery tag: {method.delivery_tag}")
    print(f" [x] Exchange: {method.exchange}")
    print(f" [x] Routing key: {method.routing_key}")
    print(f" [x] Redelivered: {method.redelivered}")

    # 打印 properties 参数的详细信息
    print(f" [x] Correlation ID: {properties.correlation_id}")
    print(f" [x] Content type: {properties.content_type}")
    print(f" [x] Headers: {properties.headers}")
    print(f" [x] Message ID: {properties.message_id}")
    print(f" [x] Timestamp: {properties.timestamp}")
    print(f" [x] User ID: {properties.user_id}")
    print(f" [x] App ID: {properties.app_id}")


# 开始消费
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

生产者

import pika
import json

# 创建连接
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('manfish', '123456')
connection_params = pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost',  # RabbitMQ 服务器的主机名
    port=5672,         # RabbitMQ 的默认端口
    virtual_host='manfish1',  # 虚拟主机名称
    credentials=credentials  # 认证凭证
)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(connection_params)
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明队列
queue_name = 'json_queue'
channel.queue_declare(queue=queue_name)

# 创建一个 Python 字典
message_data = {
    'name': 'Alice',
    'age': 30,
    'city': 'New York'
}

# 将字典转换为 JSON 字符串
message = json.dumps(message_data)

# 发送 JSON 数据
channel.basic_publish(
    exchange='',
    routing_key=queue_name,
    body=message
)
print(f" [x] Sent JSON message: {message}")

# 关闭连接
connection.close()

截图

3、主题队列

消费者

import pika
import json

# 创建连接
# 使用自定义的用户名和密码连接到 RabbitMQ
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('manfish1', '123456')
connection_params = pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost',  # RabbitMQ 服务器的主机名
    port=5672,         # RabbitMQ 的默认端口
    virtual_host='manfish1',  # 虚拟主机名称
    credentials=credentials  # 认证凭证
)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(connection_params)
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明交换机
exchange_name = 'topic_exchange'
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=exchange_name, exchange_type='topic')

# 声明队列
result = channel.queue_declare('', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

# 绑定队列到交换机
binding_key = 'user.*'
channel.queue_bind(
    exchange=exchange_name,
    queue=queue_name,
    routing_key=binding_key
)

# 定义回调函数
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print('------- get a msg -------')
    print(f" [x] Received message: {body}")

    # 打印 method 参数的详细信息
    print(f" [x] Delivery tag: {method.delivery_tag}")
    print(f" [x] Exchange: {method.exchange}")
    print(f" [x] Routing key: {method.routing_key}")
    print(f" [x] Redelivered: {method.redelivered}")

    # 打印 properties 参数的详细信息
    print(f" [x] Correlation ID: {properties.correlation_id}")
    print(f" [x] Content type: {properties.content_type}")
    print(f" [x] Headers: {properties.headers}")
    print(f" [x] Message ID: {properties.message_id}")
    print(f" [x] Timestamp: {properties.timestamp}")
    print(f" [x] User ID: {properties.user_id}")
    print(f" [x] App ID: {properties.app_id}")

    # 确认消息
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

# 开始消费
# auto_ack为True时自动确认消息，但既为True又在回调中使用了ch.basic_ack()，则会导致报错——重复确认
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

生产者

import time

import pika
import json

# 创建连接
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('manfish', '123456')
connection_params = pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost',  # RabbitMQ 服务器的主机名
    port=5672,         # RabbitMQ 的默认端口
    virtual_host='manfish1',  # 虚拟主机名称
    credentials=credentials  # 认证凭证
)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(connection_params)
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明交换机
exchange_name = 'topic_exchange'
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=exchange_name, exchange_type='topic')

# 发送消息
routing_key = 'user.login'
message = 'User logged in.'
channel.basic_publish(
    exchange=exchange_name,
    routing_key=routing_key,
    body=message,

)
print(f" [x] Sent message: {message}")

# 关闭连接
connection.close()