Python - 构造函数、继承与重载

构造函数：

构造函数是一个独特的函数，当一个类的对象被创建时，它会自动被调用。

–> 它用于在对象创建时初始化对象。
–> 构造函数的方法名为 init()

self 关键字：
–> 用于表示当前对象

• 示例：1

class Employee:
    def __init__(self, name, qual, department, year):
        self.empName = name
        self.dept = department
        self.joining_year = year
        self.qual = qual
     def work(self):
        print("工作中", self.empName, self.dept, self.joining_year)   
#创建类对象         
emp1 = Employee("guru", "B.Com", "Development", 2025)
emp2 = Employee("pritha", "M.E.,", "Design", 2025)
emp1.work()

#输出：
工作大师 开发 2025

• 示例：2

class Employee:
    salary = 25000
    def __init__(self, name, qual, department, year):
        self.empName = name
        self.dept = department
        self.joining_year = year
        self.qual = qual

    def work(self):
    print("工作中", self.empName, self.dept, self.joining_year)
	print(self.salary)
	
#创建类对象	
emp1 = Employee("guru", "B.Com", "Development", 2025)
emp2 = Employee("pritha", "M.E.,", "Design", 2025)
emp1.work()

#输出：
工作中 guru Development 2025
25000

dict

dict 是对象的一个特殊属性，用于以字典的形式存储所有实例属性。

• 示例：

class Employee:
    salary = 25000
    def __init__(self, name, qual, department, year):
        self.empName = name
        self.dept = department
        self.joining_year = year
        self.qual