Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop企业级基础配置操作指南

一、网络配置

cd /etc/netplan
vi 00-installer-config.yaml

设置如下所示：

network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    eth0:  # 替换为你的实际网络接口名称，如 ens33, enp0s3 等
      dhcp4: no
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.100/24  # 静态IP地址和子网掩码
      gateway4: 192.168.1.254  # 网关地址
      nameservers:
        addresses:
          - 8.8.8.8         # Google DNS 主服务器
          - 8.8.4.4         # Google DNS 备用服务器

二、root启用+密码设置

sudo passwd root

三、apt源配置

vi /etc/apt/source.list

aliyun的apt源官网地址：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu
修改成如下配置：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

四、设置域名解析

vi /etc/resolv.conf

改成如下所示：

nameserver 8.8.8.8

重启网络

sudo netplan apply

更新源

apt update

五、ssh配置

安装openssh服务器

apt install openssh-server

配置ssh允许root登录

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

修改下述项：

PermitRootLogin yes
PasswordAuthentication yes

重启ssh服务

systemctl restart sshd

六、关闭防火墙

systemctl stop ufw
systemctl disable ufw

查看防火墙状态

ufw status

七、安装时钟同步chrony

apt install chrony

时钟同步配置

vi /etc/chrony/chrony.conf

配置内容如下：

server 0.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.pool.ntp.org iburst

重启时钟同步

systemctl restart chronyd

检查同步状态
 

chronyc sources –v

八、桌面版需开启xrdp协议支持

apt install xrdp -y

xrdp服务开机自启

systemctl enable xrdp --now

验证Xrdp服务是否已成功启动

systemctl status xrdp

九、VMware Tool安装脚本执行

前置工作：挂载Vmware Tools镜像。

#!/bin/bash

log_info() {
echo "[INFO] $1"
echo "[INFO] $1" >> "$LOGFILE"
}

log_error() {
echo "[ERROR] $1"
echo "[ERROR] $1" >> "$LOGFILE"
exit 1
}

# Log file to record install process
LOGFILE="/var/log/env-script.log"

# Create mount point if it doesn't exist
mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom || log_error "Failed to create mount point"

# Set CD-ROM permissions
chmod 777 /dev/cdrom || log_error "Failed to set CD-ROM permissions"

# Mount the ISO image
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom || log_error "Failed to mount ISO image"

# Copy VMware Tools package
cp /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-10.3.25-20206839.tar.gz /usr/local/src || log_error "Failed to copy VMware Tools package"

# Change to the extraction directory
cd /usr/local/src || log_error "Cannot enter extraction directory"

# Extract VMware Tools package
tar -xf VMwareTools-10.3.25-20206839.tar.gz || log_error "Failed to extract VMware Tools package"

# Change to the extracted directory
cd vmware-tools-distrib || log_error "Cannot enter vmware-tools-distrib directory"

# Install Perl dependency
apt-get update || log_error "Failed to update package list"
apt-get install -y perl || log_error "Failed to install Perl dependency"

# Execute VMware Tools installation script
echo -e "y\n" | ./vmware-install.pl || log_error "Failed to execute VMware Tools installation script"

# Reset CD-ROM permissions
chmod 660 /dev/cdrom || log_error "Failed to reset CD-ROM permissions"

# Record success information
log_info "All steps completed."
echo "All steps completed." >> "$LOGFILE"