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Tetragon：一款基于eBPF的运行时环境安全监控工具

article 2025/2/21 22:50:51

关于Tetragon

Tetragon是一款基于eBPF的运行时环境安全监控工具，该工具可以帮助广大研究人员检测并应对安全重大事件，例如流程执行事件、系统调用活动、I/O活动（包括网络和文件访问等）。

在 Kubernetes 环境中使用时，Tetragon 具有 Kubernetes 感知能力，也就是说，它可以了解 Kubernetes 身份，例如命名空间、pod 等，从而可以根据各个工作负载配置安全事件检测。

工具概览

工具特征

1、基于eBPF的实时安全监控与执行；

2、灵活性强，支持多种安全监测和安全性用例；

3、内核感知，可访问Linux内核状态；

工具要求

Kubernetes

Docker

工具安装

Kubernetes快速安装

创建集群

以下命令使用Google Kubernetes Engine创建单节点 Kubernetes 集群：

export NAME="$(whoami)-$RANDOM"

export ZONE="us-west2-a"

gcloud container clusters create "${NAME}" --zone ${ZONE} --num-nodes=1

gcloud container clusters get-credentials "${NAME}" --zone ${ZONE}

以下命令使用Azure Kubernetes 服务创建单节点 Kubernetes 群集：

export NAME="$(whoami)-$RANDOM"

export AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP="${NAME}-group"

az group create --name "${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP}" -l westus2

az aks create --resource-group "${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP}" --name "${NAME}"

az aks get-credentials --resource-group "${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP}" --name "${NAME}"

部署Tetragon

helm repo add cilium https://helm.cilium.io

helm repo update

helm install tetragon ${EXTRA_HELM_FLAGS[@]} cilium/tetragon -n kube-system

kubectl rollout status -n kube-system ds/tetragon -w

Docker本地安装

docker run -d --name tetragon --rm --pull always \

    --pid=host --cgroupns=host --privileged             \

    -v /sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux:/var/lib/tetragon/btf    \

    quay.io/cilium/tetragon:v1.3.0

工具配置

Kubernetes配置

kubectl edit cm -n kube-system tetragon-config

# Change your configuration setting, save and exit

# Restart Tetragon daemonset

kubectl rollout restart -n kube-system ds/tetragon

Docker配置

# Change configuration inside /etc/tetragon/ then restart container.

# Example:

#   1. As a privileged user, write to the file /etc/tetragon/tetragon.conf.d/export-file

#      the path where to export events, example "/var/log/tetragon/tetragon.log"

#   2. Bind mount host /etc/tetragon into container /etc/tetragon

# Tetragon events will be exported to /var/log/tetragon/tetragon.log

echo "/var/log/tetragon/tetragon.log" > /etc/tetragon/tetragon.conf.d/export-file

docker run --name tetragon --rm -d \

  --pid=host --cgroupns=host --privileged \

  -v /etc/tetragon:/etc/tetragon \

  -v /sys/kernel:/sys/kernel \

  -v /var/log/tetragon:/var/log/tetragon \

  quay.io/cilium/tetragon:v1.3.0 \

  /usr/bin/tetragon

工具使用

Kubernetes单节点

kubectl exec -ti -n kube-system ds/tetragon -c tetragon -- tetra getevents -o compact --pods xwing

Kubernetes多节点

POD=$(kubectl -n kube-system get pods -l 'app.kubernetes.io/name=tetragon' -o name --field-selector spec.nodeName=$(kubectl get pod xwing -o jsonpath='{.spec.nodeName}'))

kubectl exec -ti -n kube-system $POD -c tetragon -- tetra getevents -o compact --pods xwing

Docker

docker exec tetragon tetra getevents -o compact

输出结果

{

  "process_exec": {

    "process": {

      "exec_id": "Z2tlLWpvaG4tNjMyLWRlZmF1bHQtcG9vbC03MDQxY2FjMC05czk1OjEzNTQ4Njc0MzIxMzczOjUyNjk5",

      "pid": 52699,

      "uid": 0,

      "cwd": "/",

      "binary": "/usr/bin/curl",

      "arguments": "https://ebpf.io/applications/#tetragon",

      "flags": "execve rootcwd",

      "start_time": "2023-10-06T22:03:57.700327580Z",

      "auid": 4294967295,

      "pod": {

        "namespace": "default",

        "name": "xwing",

        "container": {

          "id": "containerd://551e161c47d8ff0eb665438a7bcd5b4e3ef5a297282b40a92b7c77d6bd168eb3",

          "name": "spaceship",

          "image": {

            "id": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf@sha256:8e86f744bfea165fd4ce68caa05abc96500f40130b857773186401926af7e9e6",

            "name": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf:latest"

          },

          "start_time": "2023-10-06T21:52:41Z",

          "pid": 49

        },

        "pod_labels": {

          "app.kubernetes.io/name": "xwing",

          "class": "xwing",

          "org": "alliance"

        },

        "workload": "xwing"

      },

      "docker": "551e161c47d8ff0eb665438a7bcd5b4",

      "parent_exec_id": "Z2tlLWpvaG4tNjMyLWRlZmF1bHQtcG9vbC03MDQxY2FjMC05czk1OjEzNTQ4NjcwODgzMjk5OjUyNjk5",

      "tid": 52699

    },

    "parent": {

      "exec_id": "Z2tlLWpvaG4tNjMyLWRlZmF1bHQtcG9vbC03MDQxY2FjMC05czk1OjEzNTQ4NjcwODgzMjk5OjUyNjk5",

      "pid": 52699,

      "uid": 0,

      "cwd": "/",

      "binary": "/bin/bash",

      "arguments": "-c \"curl https://ebpf.io/applications/#tetragon\"",

      "flags": "execve rootcwd clone",

      "start_time": "2023-10-06T22:03:57.696889812Z",

      "auid": 4294967295,

      "pod": {

        "namespace": "default",

        "name": "xwing",

        "container": {

          "id": "containerd://551e161c47d8ff0eb665438a7bcd5b4e3ef5a297282b40a92b7c77d6bd168eb3",

          "name": "spaceship",

          "image": {

            "id": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf@sha256:8e86f744bfea165fd4ce68caa05abc96500f40130b857773186401926af7e9e6",

            "name": "docker.io/tgraf/netperf:latest"

          },

          "start_time": "2023-10-06T21:52:41Z",

          "pid": 49

        },

        "pod_labels": {

          "app.kubernetes.io/name": "xwing",

          "class": "xwing",

          "org": "alliance"

        },

        "workload": "xwing"

      },

      "docker": "551e161c47d8ff0eb665438a7bcd5b4",

      "parent_exec_id": "Z2tlLWpvaG4tNjMyLWRlZmF1bHQtcG9vbC03MDQxY2FjMC05czk1OjEzNTQ4NjQ1MjQ1ODM5OjUyNjg5",

      "tid": 52699

    }

  },

  "node_name": "gke-john-632-default-pool-7041cac0-9s95",

  "time": "2023-10-06T22:03:57.700326678Z"

}