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第一个CMAKE项目hello cmake

article 2025/2/22 9:46:53

#注意！这篇文章是为WINDWOS用户写的
#请检查你的电脑上已经安装了MINGW和CMAKE
快速检查方法如下



C:\Users\Basicoperation>g++ --version
g++ (x86_64-win32-seh-rev1, Built by MinGW-Builds project) 14.2.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


C:\Users\Basicoperation>cmake --version
cmake version 3.27.1

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

没有安装MINGW ?可以看看楼主的上一篇文章：安装MINGW保姆教程
CMAKE安装方法CSDN上也是一搜一大把。

第一个CMAKE 项目

流程大概是这样

就手把手的来编译一下我们最熟悉的hello world吧。这对你理解CMAKE的运行很有帮助

文件构成

main.cpp

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{

    cout<<"hello world"<<endl;
    return 0;
}

CMakeLists.txt

如果没有需求，不要修改这个文件的名字

# #是CMAKE的注释符号
#这个是要求的CMAKE的最低版本
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)

#项目的名称
project(HelloWorld)

#设定语法集
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)

#这是加入可执行文件 main.pp 目标是生成HelloWorld
add_executable(HelloWorld  main.cpp)

# 设置可执行文件的输出目录
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)

文件目录像这样

PS F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test> mkdir build


    目录: F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test


Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
d-----         2025/2/21     22:11                build

PS F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test> dir 


    目录: F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test


Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
d-----         2025/2/21     22:11                build
-a----         2025/2/21     21:58            401 CMakelists.txt
-a----         2025/2/21     21:44            112 main.cpp

开始构建

PS F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test\build> cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 14.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 14.2.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: C:/mingw64/bin/cc.exe - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/mingw64/bin/c++.exe - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done (6.6s)
-- Generating done (0.0s)
-- Build files have been written to: F:/Basic_Source/Tech/Code/cmake_test/build
PS F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test\build> dir


    目录: F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test\build


Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
d-----         2025/2/21     22:15                CMakeFiles
-a----         2025/2/21     22:15          16650 CMakeCache.txt
-a----         2025/2/21     22:15           1591 cmake_install.cmake
-a----         2025/2/21     22:15           5528 Makefile

注意！

cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" ..

不要直接使用cmake ..因为这样可能会生成VS项目文件，你需要明确的指出生成MinGW风格的Makefile文件
.. 的意思是CMakelists.txt文件在上一层目录，这个不能漏掉

开始make

注意，你的make 可能并不是make!直接下载的mingw包中，make的名字可能会变化。你可以在CMD中这样尝试，也可以去MINGW/BIN目录中查看

C:\mingw64\bin>make --version
'make' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

C:\mingw64\bin>mingw32-make --version
GNU Make 4.4.1
Built for x86_64-w64-mingw32
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

在BIN中查看

>dir
...

2025/01/16  22:29            53,760 libwinpthread-1.dll
2025/01/16  22:29        36,896,256 lto-dump.exe
2025/01/16  23:29           278,016 mingw32-make.exe
2025/01/16  20:25         1,284,608 nm.exe

...

最后构建

PS F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test\build> mingw32-make
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/HelloWorld.dir/main.cpp.obj
[100%] Linking CXX executable HelloWorld.exe
[100%] Built target HelloWorld
PS F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test\build> .\HelloWorld.exe
hello world

嗯，这样就算完成了。不过还有点悬念，我们明明设计EXE放到BIN中但是却还是在BUILD目录里

可能的原因是set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)要放在add_executable(HelloWorld main.cpp)之前

PS F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test\build> dir


    目录: F:\Basic_Source\Tech\Code\cmake_test\build


Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
d-----         2025/2/21     22:25                CMakeFiles
-a----         2025/2/21     22:15          16650 CMakeCache.txt
-a----         2025/2/21     22:15           1591 cmake_install.cmake
-a----         2025/2/21     22:25          47695 HelloWorld.exe
-a----         2025/2/21     22:15           5528 Makefile

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