2024 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）——解析版

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2024 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university canteens should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

作文要求考生假设自己所在的高校正在就大学图书馆是否应当对公众开放向学生征求意见，考生应就此写一篇文章表达自己的观点。如果选择支持开放高校图书馆，那么可以提出如下理由：提高全民素质，利用高校资源惠及大众，让学生和大众有良好的互动机会等。如果持反对意见，可以从安全性、高校资源应确保满足学生的需求等方面加以论证。

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end ofeach news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A. Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.
   B. Because of the smoke and heat damage.
   C. Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.
   D. Because of the collapse of the three-story building.

2. A. Investigating the cause of the incident.
   B. Helping search for the suspect of the crime.
   C. Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.
   D. Checking town records for the property developer.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A. It plays a less important role in one’s health than nutrient intake.
   B. It impacts people’s health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.
   C. It is associated with people’s mental health conditions.
   D. It is linked with older adults’ symptoms of depression.

4. A. It was indefinite.
   C. It was straightforward.
   B. It was systematic.
   D. It was insignificant.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A. It has helped solve several murder cases.
   B. It has become a star police dog in Beijing.
   C. It has surpassed its mother in performance.
   D. It has done better than naturally born dogs.

6. A. To speed up investigation into criminal cases.
   B. To test the feasibility of cloning technology.
   C. To cut down training expenses.
   D. To reduce their training time.

7. A. Cloning is too complicated a process.
   B. The technology is yet to be accepted.
   C. Cloning is ethically controversial.
   D. The technology is too expensive.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A. He read it somewhere online.
   B. He heard about it from a coworker.
   C. He read an article reviewing it.
   D. He watched a TV series based on it.

9. A. His publications.
   B. His first book.
   C. His address.
   D. His name.

10. A. Collect a lot more data.
    B. Relax a bit less often.
    C. Clarity many new concepts.
    D. Read more reference books.

11. A. Find out the show’s most interesting episodes.
    B. Watch the series together with the woman.
    C. Get an e-copy of the book to read.
    D. Check to see when the show starts.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A. To check the prices of his farm produce.
    B. To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.
    C. To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.
    D. To seek the man’s help with her work on the farm.

13. A. Bakers.
    B. Vendors.
    C. Vegetarians.
    D. Organizers.

14. A. The issuing of certificates to vendors.
    B. The completion of the baking task.
    C. The festival they are organizing.
    D. The deadline for application.

15. A. The closing date of submission
    B. The website of his company.
    C. The details of the ceremony.
    D. The organizer’s address.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. Most scenic sites have been closed.
    B. Access to official campsites is limited.
    C. Health experts advise going outdoors.
    D. People have more time during the summer.

17. A. It is strongly opposed by nearby residents.
    B. It leads to much waste of public money.
    C. It has caused environmental concerns.
    D. It has created conflicts among campers.

18. A. Look for open land in Scotland.
    B. Leave no trace of their camping.
    C. Avoid getting close to wilderness.
    D. Ask for permission from authorities.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A. They outcompete mythical creatures.
    B. They usually mind their own business.
    C. They truly exist in the Amazon region.
    D. They resemble alarmingly large snakes.

20. A. Scar tissue from dolphins fighting.
    B. Skin infection from water pollution.
    C. Unhealed wounds from snake bites.
    D. Swimming along in seasonal floods.

21. A. It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.
    B. It has been placed under international protection.
    C. It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphins.
    D. It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A. About 58% ofyoung adults call parental support the new normal.
    B. Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial support.
    C. A full 70% of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.
    D. Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support.

23. A. It renders them dependent.
    B. It causes them to lose dignity.
    C. It makes them mentally immature.
    D. It hinders them from getting ahead.

24. A. It challenges one’s willpower.
    B. It results from education.
    C. It calls for due assistance.
    D. It defines adulthood.

25. A. Current lifestyles.
    B. Poor budgeting
    C. College loans.
    D. Emergency expenses.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  It’s well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health. Yet whereas most countries have 26 , evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise 27 for various physical health benefits, such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood. This is 28 due to a lack of necessary evidence. However, a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.
  Before 29 into some of the key take-aways, an important 30 made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic. The former 31 such things as walking, jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy. In contrast, anaerobic exercise — such as lifting heavy weights — is of such 32 intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaks down glucose (葡萄糖) in your blood or muscles.
  Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise, the researchers, led by John Chan at Shenzhen University, found 33 results from 19 relevant studies. Some favoured higher intensity, others low, while seven studies found that intensity made no 34 to mood benefits.
  In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise, however, the results were far clearer — the optimum (最佳选择) for improving mood is 35 intensity, perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasant.

A. constitutes
B. contradictory
C. decision
D. detailed
E. difference
F. dipping
G. distinction
H. falling
I. involves
J. moderate
K. notified
L. partly
M. required
N. traditionally
O. vigorous

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

A. How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was the question that
worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” in 1930. Over the next century, he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39.
B. But then something changed. Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades. So what happened? Why are people working just as much today as in 1970?
C. There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy’s productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living “between four and eight times as high as it is today.” But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M. Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes’s eight-fold (八倍) multiple by 2029. That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.
D. In a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time. Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals to many economists. “This argument is, at best, far from sufficient,” he writes. If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?
E. Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work. There is support for this theory. Many people today consider colleagues as friends. But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive. Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s.
F. A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less. Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers, this one fits chronologically ( 按年代). Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II, along with the duration of the working week. But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically.
G. Keynes’s prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone. But Friedman says that this is not what has happened. Although Keynes’s eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median (中位数的) American worker. For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing. This is a bit below his four- to eight-fold predicted range.
H. This can be seen in the median worker’s income over this time period, complete with a shift in 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking. According to Friedman, between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles) in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy. But by 2013 the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power. Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.
I. What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes’s vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people — those with fewer skills and less education — are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is
most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the money.
J. This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich — the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes’s time — can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (Indeed, research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure. These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.
K. Friedman concludes that the prosperity (繁荣) Keynes predicted is here. After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected. But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen. And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks.

36. Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.
37. As ordinary American workers’ average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.
38. American workers’ average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century.
39. Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours.
40. Many economists assume people’s thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time.
41. An economist’s prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century.
42. In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid.
43. Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.
44. Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing.
45. According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone’s standard of living continuing to rise.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”
  People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying?
  Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not.
  This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others, so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.
  As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our authentic selves in an effort to be liked.
  If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves, because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliché (老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it.

  [46]老子曾经说过：“在意别人怎么想，你将永远是他们的囚徒。”
  [47] 取悦他人，或者从他人的认可中寻求自我价值，是徒劳的，是一种 令人疲惫的生活方式。为什么我们允许别人对我们的看法对我们自己的感受 产生如此大的影响？如果你真的无法做到一直让所有人都满意，那么停止尝 试不是更有道理吗?
  遗憾的是，我们的行为往往不受理智的驱动。对于渴望爱和归属感的社会人而言，想要被人喜欢并且在意我们对他人的影响，这是健康的，可以让我们与他人建立人际关系。然而，当我们的自我价值取决于我们是否赢得了他人的肯定时，我们就会陷入困境。
  这种被人喜欢的需要可以追溯到我们还是孩子的时候，那时我们完全 依赖于别人对我们的照顾：小孩子不仅在学习如何走路和与人交流，他们 还在努力了解世界是如何运作的。我们通过与他人的互动来了解自我，了解他人对我们的期望，因此，对于一个四岁的孩子来说，如果妈妈或爸爸 不喜欢自己，他们就有被抛弃的危险。 [48] 我们需要明白，当我们迫切希 望有人能够认可我们时，这是由我们内心那个仍然害怕被抛弃的小孩所推动的。
  [49]当你变得越来越有能力为自己提供你所寻求的认可时，你对外部认可的需求将开始消失，这会让你更加强大、自信，而且理所当然地，你的生活会更加快乐。想象一下，每一次我们努力讨人喜欢而抑制真实的自我时，浪费了多少时光。
  如果我们将自己的价值建立在他人的意见之上，我们就剥夺了自己塑造经历、拥抱生活的力量，不仅为他人，也为自己，因为归根结底，二者并没有区别。[50]所以欣然接受这句老话并爱自己吧，这样做你不太可能会后悔。

2024-06-02-46.—细节题—难—干扰选项含原文词汇，但表达意思不符；需要理解才知道同义替换—

46. What can we conclude from Lao Zi’s quotation?【原文：Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”】
    A. We should see through other people’s attempt to make a prisoner of us.
    B. We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.
    C. We can never be truly free if taking to heart others’ opinion of us.
    D. We should care about other people’s view as much as they care about our own.

从老子的引语中我们可以得出什么结论?
A. 我们应该看穿别人要把我们当囚徒的企图。
B. 即使竭尽全力，我们也永远无法真正取悦别人。
C. 如果把别人对我们的看法放在心上，我们就永远不可能真正自由。
D. 我们应该在乎别人的观点，就像他们在乎我们的观点一样。

根据题干关键词Lao Zi’s quotation可以将答案定位到第一段。
文章第一段指出，老子曾经说过：“在意别人怎么想，你将永远是他们的囚徒。”很明显，老子的意思是，让我们不要在意别人的看法，在意他人的看法就禁锢了自己。
选项C与原文意思一致，故本题选C。
选项A明显错误，原文中“囚徒”是一种比喻，意思是我们被别人的想法禁锢，不是别人真的企图把我们当囚徒。
选项B与原文意思不一致，老子的话是让我们不要在乎别人的看法，不是说我们怎么努力都无法 真正取悦别人。
选项D与老子的话意思相反。

2024-06-02-47.—细节题—易—选项含原文词汇，也刚好是同义替换—uproductive替换为unfruitful

47. What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval?【原文：People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. 】
    A. Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.
    B. Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting.
    C. Our identity as social beings will be affected.
    D. Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.

如果我们把自我价值建立在别人的认可之上，会发生什么?
A. 我们对于被爱的渴望将得到满足。          
B. 我们的生活将是徒劳无益和令人疲惫的。 
C. 我们作为社会人的身份将受到影响。
D. 我们的自我意识将得到磨砺和增强。          

根据题干关键词base our self-worth on other people’s approval 可以将答案定位到第二段第一句。
第二段第一句指出，取悦他人或者从他人的认可中求自我价值，是徒带的，是一种令人疲惫的生活方式，换句话说，把自我价值建立在别人的认可之上，我们的生活将是徒劳和疲惫的，故本题选B。其他三项均与原文不符，都排除。

2024-06-02-48.—细节题—难—干扰选项含原文词汇，但表达意思不符；需要理解才知道同义替换—选项的fear of being deserted害怕被抛弃与原文中的terrified of abandonment抛弃的恐惧

48. What may account for our need to be liked or approved of?【原文：We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.】
    A. Our desperate longing for interactions with others.
    B. Our understanding of the workings of the world.
    C. Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment.
    D. Our early childhood fear of being deserted.

48.什么或许可以解释我们需要被喜欢或被认可的原因?
A. 我们迫切地渴望与他人互动。              
B. 我们对世界运作方式的理解。
C. 我们对被抛弃之痛的认识。              
D. 我们童年时害怕被抛弃的感觉。

根据题干关键词account for our need tobe liked or approved of 可以将答案定位到第四段最后一句。题干中的account for 与原文中的driven by 对应。
第四段最后一句指出，我们需要明白，当我们迫切希望有人能够认可我们时，这是由我们内心那个仍然害怕被抛弃的小孩所推动的，也就是说，小时候那种害怕被抛弃的感觉导致我们长大之后，希望能够被别人认可，故本题选D。选项中的fear of being deserted 与原文中的 terrified of abandonment 属于同义替换。
选项C比较容易误选，其中出现了定位句中的abandonment一词，但是文中说的是我们害怕被抛弃，并未提及我们对被抛弃之痛的认识，故排除。其他两个选项虽然含有原文词汇，但是表达的意思与原文不符，均排除。

2024-06-02-49.—细节题—易—原词复现+简单的同义替换

49. What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval?【原文：As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life.】
    A. Enjoy a happier life.
    B. Exercise self-restraint.
    C. Receive more external validation.
    D. Strengthen our power of imagination.

49.当我们能够更好地为自己提供自己想要的认可时，我们能做什么？
A. 享受更快乐的生活。
B. 保持自我克制。
C. 接受更多的外部认可。
D. 增强我们的想象力。

根据题干关键词better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval可以将答案定位到倒数第二段第一句。题干中的better able to provide 与原文中的more capable of providing属于同义替换。
倒数第二段第一句指出，当你变得越来越有能力为自己提供你所寻求的认可时，你对外部认可的需求将开始消失，这会让你更加强大、自信，而且理所当然地，你的生活会更加快乐，故本题选A。本题如果找到了定位句，比较容易答对。其余三个选项原文未提及，均排除。

2024-06-02-50.

50. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?【原文：So embrace the cliché (老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it.】
    A. Embrace life for ourselves and for others.
    B. Base our worth on others’ opinions.
    C. See our experiences as assets.
    D. Love ourselves as we are.

50.作者在最后一段建议我们做什么？
A. 为自己和他人拥抱生活。
B. 将我们的价值建立在他人的意见之上。
C. 将我们的经历视为财富。
D. 爱我们自己本来的样子。

根据题干关键词advise us to do in the last paragraph可以将答案定位到最后一段，最后一句以so开头，是作者的建议。
最后一句段最后一句指出，欣然接受这句老话并爱自己吧，这样做你不太可能会后悔。该句与全篇表达的意思一致，作者建议大家不要在乎别人的意见，要爱自己，故本题选D。
选项B明显与全文表达的意思相反，比较容易排除。
选项A和C在原文最后一段没有提及，也可以排除。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible. In reality, education does an aging brain good.
  Throughout life, people’s brains constantly renovate themselves. In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.
  Of course, that doesn’t mean the brain isn’t affected by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn’t necessarily make people think slower; as long as we are alive and functioning, we can alter our brains with new information and experiences.
  In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people’s minds more flexible. New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks.
  Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.
  A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness — a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge — may also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world attitude, but those who aren’t as genetically gifted aren’t necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That’s why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says “It’s not that old dogs can’t learn new tricks. It’s that maybe old dogs don’t realize why they should.”

  [51] 有些人说，衰老更像走向健忘的衰退过程，而不是通往智慧的旅程。然 而，越来越多的研究表明，在晚年学习是有可能的。实际上，教育对正在变老的大脑来说是有好处的。
  在一生当中，人们的大脑不断地进行自我修复。[52] 在20世纪60年代后期， 英国脑科学家杰弗里 · 雷斯曼通过电子显微镜在老鼠大脑的受损区域发现了生长的迹象；它们的大脑正在建立新的联系。这意味着每当一个人学习新东西时，他的大脑都可能会发生变化。
  当然，这并不意味着大脑不受时间效果的影响。就像身高通常会随着时间的推 移而变矮一样，大脑的体积也会随着时间的推移而减少：从40多岁开始，人的大脑的体积每十年就会减少约4%。但是这种减少不一定会让人们的思考速度变慢；只 要我们还活着，大脑还在运转，我们就可以用新的信息和经历来改变我们的大脑。
  实际上，科学家现在觉得，积累新的经历、知识和技能可以使人们的思维更加灵活。[53]新的路径能够强化我们不断变化的脑部精神结构，即使大脑在萎缩。
  传统的解决方案，如字谜游戏和脑力训练应用程序，可以提升脑部持久力。 [53] 换一条不同的路线去杂货店，或去一个新的地方度假，即便是像这样简单的 事情也可以保持大脑健康。
  对新的生活挑战的渴望可以进一步提高脑力。对创办新企业的老年人的研 究表明，他们的大脑功能和记忆力都得到了改善，同时患精神疾病的风险也降低 了。[54] 开放性——一种由好奇心和对知识的渴望所定义的特征——或许也可以帮助人们通过大脑测试。有些人天生就拥有这种接纳世界的态度。但那些天生不 具备这一天赋的人也并不一定不走运。虽然基因会激起人们尝试一些新事物的兴趣，[55] 但2012年发表在《心理学与衰老》杂志上的一项研究发现，完成拼图和 数字游戏等推理任务可以增强人们对新体验的渴望.这反过来可以使大脑重新充 满活力。这就是为什么脑科学家理查德 ·肯尼迪说：“不是老狗不能学习新把戏，而是老狗可能没有意识到它们为什么要这样做。”

2024-06-02-51.—细节题—难—原词复现陷阱+困难的同义替换—forgetfulness健忘的替换为deteriorate恶化的

51. What do some people think of aging adults? 【原文为：Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible.】
    A. Their wisdom grows as time goes by.
    B. Their memory gradually deteriorates.
    C. They can benefit from late-in-life learning.
    D. They are likely to have mental health issues.

51.有些人对老年人的看法是什么?
A. 他们的智慧随着时间的流逝而增长。       
B. 他们的记忆力逐渐下降。                 
C. 他们可以从晚年的学习中受益。
D. 他们可能会有心理健康问题。

根据题干关键词some people和aging adults可以将答案定位到第一段第一句。

第一段第一句指出，有些人说，衰老更像走向健忘的衰退过程，而不是通往智慧的旅程。由此可知，有些人认为老年人的记忆力是逐渐下降的，故选项B正确。
答对本题，大家需要能看懂 more…than (与其说， 不如说）这个句型，其中的forgetfulness 如果不认识，可以根据构词法进行猜测，forget (忘记) +ful （容易…… 的）+ness (名词后缀），合在一起就是“健忘”。

选项A与原文意思相反，可以排除。

选项C虽然出现了原文中的late-in-life learning, 但是原文是说在晚年学习是有可能的，选项C含义与此不符，且文章并未提及它是一些人对老年人的看法，故排除。

选项D文章中没有提及，故排除。

2024-06-02-52.—推论（conclude）题—难—原词重现陷阱+需要理解，容易无脑选原词重现—第一步定位：按关键字或者问题对应段落—

52. What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman’s finding?【原文为：In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections. 】
    A. Brain damage seriously hinders one’s learning.
    B. Brain power weakens slower than we imagine.
    C. Brains can refresh and improve with learning.
    D. Brains forge connections under new conditions.

52.我们可以从杰弗里 ·雷斯曼的发现中得出什么结论?
A. 脑损伤严重阻碍了一个人的学习。
B. 脑力减弱的速度比我们想象的要慢。
C. 大脑可以通过学习重新充满活力并有所改善。
D. 大脑在新的条件下建立联系。

根据题干关键词Geoffrey Raisman’s finding可以将答案定位到第二段第二句和第三句。

第二段第二句指出，在20世纪60年代后期，英国脑科学家杰弗里.雷斯曼通过电子显微镜在老鼠大脑的受损区域发现了生长的迹象；它们的大脑正在建立新的联系。这句是实验的现象，下一句点出了实验的结论：这意味着每当一个人学习新东西时，他的大脑都可能会发生变化。这里虽然没有明确说具体的变化是什么，但是根据实验发现大脑有生长的迹象可知，大脑的变化是正向的。这与选项C表达的意思一致，通过学习大脑可以重新充满活力并改善，故C正确。另外，根据本段首句“在一生当中，人们的大脑不断地进行自我修复”也可以得出此结论。

选项A 和B原文没有提及，可以排除。

选项D中出现了原文词汇forge connections,原文是说实验中老鼠受伤的大脑区域产生了新的联系，并不是实验得出结论——大脑在新的条件下建立联系，故排除。

2024-06-02-53.

53. What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks?【原文为：New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks.】
    A. Doing daily routines by conventional means.
    B. Avoiding worrying about our mental durability.
    C. Imitating old dogs’ way of learning new tricks.
    D. Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways.

53. 即使在大脑萎缩的情况下，有助于维持我们大脑健康的一件事是什么?
A. 通过常规的方式进行日常活动。
B. 避免担心我们大脑的持久力。
C. 模仿老狗学习新把戏的方式。
D. 以新颖的方式处理日常任务。

根据题干关键词maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks可以将答案定位到第四段第二句。

第四段第二句指出，新的路径能够强化我们不断变化的脑部精神结构，即使大脑在萎缩。这里的新路径 具体指什么呢？可以继续往下读。第五段第二句指出，换一条不同的路线去杂货店，或去一个新的地方度假，即便是像这样简单的事情也可以保持大脑健康。对比四个选项，可知选项D “以新颖的方式处理日常事务”符合原文，为正确答案。

选项A 明显与原文意思相反，排除。

选项B 和C 的说法原文都没有提及，均可以排除。

2024-06-02-54.—推断题—定位：此类题目一般题干光秃秃的没有什么线索，这时我们应该看该题的位置，如果是文章开始，那就对应文章开始；出在 2、3、4 那就一般和第2、3、4段对应，最多错一个段落，否则就是对应文章主题；如果在最后的话，那优先对应文章最后。—

54. What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function?【原文为：A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. 】
    A. Being curious and desiring knowledge.
    C. Rising to life’s challenges and avoiding risks.
    B. Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age.
    D. Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases.

54.作者说什么有助于改善大脑功能?
A. 保持好奇心和求知欲。
B. 渴望在老年时通过大脑测试。
C. 迎接生活中的挑战并规避风险。
D. 提高对严重精神疾病的免疫力。

根据题干关键词contribute to the improvement of brain function可以将答案定位到最后一段。

最后一段前两句指出，渴望接受新的挑战，比如老年人创办新企业，对大脑功能的改善有所帮助。接下来，继续指出，开放性——保持好奇心和对知识的渴望，也可以帮助人们通过大脑测试；最后指出，完成拼图和数字游戏等推理任务可以增强人们对新体验的渴望，这反过来可以使大脑重新充满活力。总结来看，接受新挑战、保持好奇心和求知欲、渴望新体验，这些都能使大脑重新充满活力，故选项A正确。

选项C错，在原文没有提及“规避风险”，虽然前半句迎接生活中的挑战是符合原文的，也不能选。

选项B和D原文没有提及，排除。

2024-06-02-55.—细节题—易—选项含原文词汇，也刚好是同义替换—refresh替换为renovate

55. What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging?【原文为： While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain.】
    A. Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one’s reasoning power.
    B. Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one’s memory.
    C. Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain.
    D. Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only.

55.2012年发表在《心理学与衰老》杂志上的研究的发现是什么?
A. 希望解决难题可以增强一个人的推理能力。      
B. 玩数字游戏会出乎意料地刺激一个人的记忆力。     
C. 渴望新的体验可以帮助改善大脑。
D. 学习新把戏不应该仅限于老狗。

根据题干关键词2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging可以将答案定位到最后一段倒数第二句。

最后一段倒数第二句指出，2012年发表在《心理学与衰老》杂志上的一项研究发现，完成拼图和数字游戏等推理任务可以增强人们对新体验的渴望，这反过来可以使大脑重新充满活力（refresh the brain）。由此可知，研究发现，推理任务可以增强人们对新体验的渴望，这种对新体验的渴望又会帮助改善大脑，故选项C 正确。

选项C中的renovate与原文中的refresh是同义替换。其他三个选项都与原文不符，可以排除。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  农历 (the lunar calendar) 起源于数千年前的中国，根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。长期以来，农历在农业生产和人们日常生活中发挥着重要作用。古人依据农历记录日期、安排农活，以便最有效地利 用自然资源和气候条件，提高农作物的产量和质量。中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日的日期都基于农 历。农历是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，当今依然广为使用。

  Siheyuan is a kind of traditional Chinese residential building,which is characterized by houses built around a courtyard,enclosing the courtyard in the middle.Siheyuan is usually warm in winter and cool in summer,offering a comfortable environment,especially suitable for large families tolive in.There are many types of Siheyuan in different parts of China,of which the most typical one is in Beijing.Nowadays,with the development of modern cities,the number of traditional Siheyuan has gradually decreased,but because of its unique architectural style,Siheyuan is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture and the study of Chinese history.

译点精析

1. 第一句：“其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间”是补充说明性的内容，可翻译为 非限制性定语从句，即which is characterized by houses built around a courtyard,enclosing the courtyard in the middle, 其中“ 特点是 ”翻译为短语is characterized by,“将……合围在中间”在该定语从句中充当伴随状语，翻译成现在分词短语，即enclosing…in the middle。
2. 第二句：“ 尤其适合大家庭居住 ”起补充说明作用，翻译成形容词性短语，即especially suitable for large families to live in。
3. 第三句：“其中以北京的四合院最为典型”同样起补充说明作用，可翻译为非限制性定语从句，即of which the most typical one is in Beijing。
4. 第四句 ：本句较为复杂，分析句子结构可知，该句总体上是由“但”连接的两个转折关系的分句构成；第 一个分句中需注意“随着 … … 的发展”的翻译，即with the development of…；转折分句中应注意“因其独特的建筑风格”的翻译，可采用because of或due to等短语来表达，即because of / due to its unique architectural style； “对中国文化的传承和中国历史的研究具有重要意义”翻译为 is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture and the study of Chinese history，“对 … … 具有重要意义”应使用固定表达 be of great significance to。