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使用Fluent-bit将容器标准输入和输出的日志发送到Kafka

article 2025/3/15 5:26:11

 什么是fluent-bit？

         Fluent Bit 是一款开源的轻量级日志处理器与转发器，专为嵌入式系统、容器化环境及分布式架构设计。其核心功能包括日志收集、过滤、聚合和传输，支持多种输入源（如文件、系统日志、HTTP接口）和输出目标（如Elasticsearch、Kafka、云存储服务）

 工作流程

日志通过数据管道从数据源发送到目的地，一个数据管道可以由input，paser，filter，buffer，routing，output等组成。

  • input插件：用于从数据源抽取数据，一个数据管道中可以包含多个input

  • parser组件：负责将input抽取的非结构化数据转化为标准的结构化数据，每个input均可以定义自己的parser

  • filter插件：负责对格式化数据进行过滤和修改。一个数据管道中可以包含多个filter，多个filter执行顺序与配置文件中的顺序一致

  • buffer组件：用户缓存经过filter处理的数据，默认情况下buffer把input插件的数据缓存到内存中，直到路由传递到output为止

  • routing组件：将buffer中缓存的数据路由到不同的output

  • output插件：负责将数据发送到不同的目的地，一个数据管道中可以包含多个output

部署kafka集群

安装JDK

[root@k8s-master ~]# java -version
java version "21.0.6" 2025-01-21 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 21.0.6+8-LTS-188)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.0.6+8-LTS-188, mixed mode, sharing)

部署kafka

[root@k8s-master kafaka-zookeeper]# tar -xvf kafka_2.12-3.8.0.tgz 

[root@k8s-master kafaka-zookeeper]#  mkdir -p /home/kafaka-zookeeper/kafka_2.12-3.8.0/{data,logs}
[root@k8s-master kafaka-zookeeper]#  cd /home/kafaka-zookeeper/kafka_2.12-3.8.0/config/
[root@k8s-master config]#  cp server.properties server.properties.bak
[root@k8s-master config]# sed -i "/#/d" server.properties
[root@k8s-master config]# ll
total 80
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  906 Jul 23  2024 connect-console-sink.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  909 Jul 23  2024 connect-console-source.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5475 Jul 23  2024 connect-distributed.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  883 Jul 23  2024 connect-file-sink.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  881 Jul 23  2024 connect-file-source.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2063 Jul 23  2024 connect-log4j.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2540 Jul 23  2024 connect-mirror-maker.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2262 Jul 23  2024 connect-standalone.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1221 Jul 23  2024 consumer.properties
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 23  2024 kraft
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4917 Jul 23  2024 log4j.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2065 Jul 23  2024 producer.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  544 Mar 14 14:27 server.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6896 Mar 14 14:27 server.properties.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1094 Jul 23  2024 tools-log4j.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1169 Jul 23  2024 trogdor.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1205 Jul 23  2024 zookeeper.properties
[root@k8s-master config]# vim server.properties
[root@k8s-master config]# cd ..
[root@k8s-master kafka_2.12-3.8.0]# cd bin/
[root@k8s-master bin]#  nohup bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties > kafka.log 2>&1 &
[1] 16270

部署zookeeper

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# mkdir -p /home/kafaka-zookeeper
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# cd /home/kafaka-zookeeper/
[root@k8s-node2 kafaka-zookeeper]# mv apache-zookeeper-3.8.4-bin apache-zookeeper-3.8.4
[root@k8s-node2 kafaka-zookeeper]# mkdir -p /home/kafaka-zookeeper/apache-zookeeper-3.8.4/{data,logs}
[root@k8s-node2 kafaka-zookeeper]# cd /home/kafaka-zookeeper/apache-zookeeper-3.8.4/conf/
[root@k8s-node2 conf]#  mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
[root@k8s-node2 data]# /home/kafaka-zookeeper/apache-zookeeper-3.8.4/bin/zkServer.sh start
/usr/bin/java
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /home/kafaka-zookeeper/apache-zookeeper-3.8.4/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Starting zookeeper ... already running as process 11484.

配置时间同步：

sudo ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com

使用k8s部署fluent-bit

fluent-bit-config.yaml 

[root@k8s-master ~]# cat fluent-bit-config.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: fluent-bit-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  fluent-bit.conf: |
    [SERVICE]
        Flush        5
        Log_Level    info
        Daemon       off
        Parsers_File parsers.conf

    [INPUT]
        Name              tail
        Path              /var/log/containers/*.log
        Parser            docker
        Tag               k8s.*
        Refresh_Interval  5
        Mem_Buf_Limit     5MB
        Skip_Long_Lines   On

    [FILTER]
        Name                kubernetes
        Match               k8s.*
        Kube_URL            https://kubernetes.default.svc:443
        Kube_CA_File        /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        Kube_Token_File     /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
        Kube_Tag_Prefix     k8s.
        Merge_Log           On
        Keep_Log            Off

    [OUTPUT]
        Name            kafka
        Match           *
        Brokers         192.168.9.128:9092,192.168.9.129:9092,192.168.9.130:9092
        Topics          k8s-logs
        rdkafka.compression.codec snappy

  parsers.conf: |
    [PARSER]
        Name        docker
        Format      json
        Time_Key    time
        Time_Format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%LZ
        Decode_Field_As   escaped_utf8    log

fluent-bit-daemonset.yaml 

[root@k8s-master ~]# cat fluent-bit-daemonset.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: fluent-bit
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: fluent-bit
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: fluent-bit
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: fluent-bit
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: fluent-bit
      tolerations:  # 允许在所有节点（包括 Master）部署
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      containers:
      - name: fluent-bit
        image: fluent/fluent-bit:1.9.10
        volumeMounts:
        - name: varlog
          mountPath: /var/log
        - name: dockercontainers
          mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
          readOnly: true
        - name: fluent-bit-config
          mountPath: /fluent-bit/etc/
      volumes:
      - name: varlog
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log
      - name: dockercontainers
        hostPath:
          path: /var/lib/docker/containers  # 如果使用 Containerd，路径为 /var/log/pods
      - name: fluent-bit-config
        configMap:
          name: fluent-bit-config
---
# 创建 RBAC 权限
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: fluent-bit
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: fluent-bit-read
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["pods", "namespaces"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: fluent-bit-read
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: fluent-bit-read
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: fluent-bit
  namespace: kube-system

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system | grep flu
fluent-bit-4rvfx                           1/1     Running   0          31d
fluent-bit-lqhcm                           1/1     Running   0          31d
fluent-bit-r6xrh                           1/1     Running   0          31d

查看pod日志检查是否连接成功：

[root@k8s-master bin]# kubectl logs fluent-bit-lqhcm -n kube-system
Fluent Bit v1.9.10
* Copyright (C) 2015-2022 The Fluent Bit Authors
* Fluent Bit is a CNCF sub-project under the umbrella of Fluentd
* https://fluentbit.io

[2025/02/11 08:58:15] [ info] [fluent bit] version=1.9.10, commit=760956f50c, pid=1
[2025/02/11 08:58:15] [ info] [storage] version=1.3.0, type=memory-only, sync=normal, checksum=disabled, max_chunks_up=128
[2025/02/11 08:58:15] [ info] [cmetrics] version=0.3.7
[2025/02/11 08:58:15] [ info] [filter:kubernetes:kubernetes.0] https=1 host=kubernetes.default.svc port=443
[2025/02/11 08:58:15] [ info] [filter:kubernetes:kubernetes.0]  token updated
[2025/02/11 08:58:15] [ info] [filter:kubernetes:kubernetes.0] local POD info OK
[2025/02/11 08:58:15] [ info] [filter:kubernetes:kubernetes.0] testing connectivity with API server...
[2025/02/11 08:58:15] [ info] [filter:kubernetes:kubernetes.0] connectivity OK
[2025/02/11 08:58:15] [ info] [output:kafka:kafka.0] brokers='192.168.9.128:9092,192.168.9.129:9092,192.168.9.130:9092' topics='k8s-logs'
[2025/02/11 08:58:15] [ info] [sp] stream processor started

测试：

在生产者主机上发布消息：

[root@k8s-master bin]#  echo "test message" | /home/kafaka-zookeeper/kafka_2.12-3.8.0/bin/kafka-console-producer.sh   --broker-list 192.168.9.128:9092,192.168.9.129:9092,192.168.9.130:9092   --topic k8s-logs

在消费者主机进行查看：

/home/kafaka-zookeeper/kafka_2.12-3.8.0/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh \
--bootstrap-server 192.168.9.128:9092,192.168.9.129:9092,192.168.9.130:9092 \
--topic k8s-logs \
--from-beginning

可以看到容器的日志被输出到kafka当中：

 


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