Kubernetes(K8s 1.27.x) 快速上手+实践,无废话纯享版
文章目录
- 1 基础知识
- 1.1 K8s 有用么?
- 1.2 K8s 是什么?
- 1.3 k8s 部署方式
- 1.4 k8s 环境解析
- 2 环境部署
- 2.1 基础环境配置
- 2.2 容器环境操作
- 2.3 cri环境操作
- 2.4 harbor仓库操作
- 2.5 k8s集群初始化
- 2.6 k8s环境收尾操作
- 3 应用部署
- 3.1 应用管理解读
- 3.2 应用部署实践
- 3.3 应用管理实践
- 4 应用访问
- 4.1 service对象定位
- 4.2 Service 实践
- 4.3 外部Service
- 5 应用数据
- 5.1 应用数据解析
- 5.2 应用数据实践
- 6 应用配置
- 6.1 应用配置解析
- 6.2 配置文件实践
- 6.3 敏感文件实践
- 7 服务访问
- 7.1 Ingress简介
- 7.2 Ingress部署
- 7.3 Ingress实践
- 8 helm管理
- 8.1 helm简介
- 8.2 helm部署
- 8.3 helm实践
1 基础知识
1.1 K8s 有用么?
K8s有没有用
K8s要不要学?
参考资料:
https://www.infoq.com/articles/devops-and-cloud-trends-2022/?itm_source=articles_about_InfoQ-trends-report&itm_medium=link&itm_campaign=InfoQ-trends-report
1.2 K8s 是什么?
1.3 k8s 部署方式
目前Kubernetes的两类部署样式
1.4 k8s 环境解析
网络环境解析
部署结构解析
2 环境部署
2.1 基础环境配置
主机名规划
序号 | 主机ip | 主机名规划 |
---|---|---|
1 | 10.0.0.12 | kubernetes-master.sswang.com kubernetes-master |
2 | 10.0.0.15 | kubernetes-node1.sswang.com kubernetes-node1 |
3 | 10.0.0.16 | kubernetes-node2.sswang.com kubernetes-node2 |
4 | 10.0.0.17 | kubernetes-node3.sswang.com kubernetes-node3 |
5 | 10.0.0.20 | kubernetes-register.sswang.com kubernetes-register |
跨主机免密码认证
生成秘钥对
ssh-keygen -t rsa
跨主机免密码认证
ssh-copy-id root@远程主机ip地址
Swap环境配置(所有主机操作)
临时禁用
swapoff -a
永久禁用
sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
内核参数调整
cat >> /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
vm.swappiness=0
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
网络参数调整(所有主机操作)
配置iptables参数,使得流经网桥的流量也经过iptables/netfilter防火墙
cat >> /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
配置生效
modprobe br_netfilter
modprobe overlay
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
2.2 容器环境操作
注意:所有主机操作
部署docker软件源
定制软件源
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
安装最新版docker
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
yum install -y docker-ce
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker
docker加速器配置
配置加速器文件
]# cat >> /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"http://74f21445.m.daocloud.io",
"https://registry.docker-cn.com",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
],
"insecure-registries": ["kubernetes-register.sswang.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
重启docker服务
systemctl restart docker
2.3 cri环境操作
注意:所有主机操作
获取软件
下载软件
mkdir /data/softs && cd /data/softs
wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.2/cri-dockerd-0.3.2.amd64.tgz
解压软件
tar xf cri-dockerd-0.3.2.amd64.tgz
mv cri-dockerd/cri-dockerd /usr/local/bin/
检查效果
cri-dockerd --version
定制配置
定制配置文件
cat > /etc/systemd/system/cri-dockerd.service<<-EOF
[Unit]
Description=CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.mirantis.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service docker.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/cri-dockerd --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9
--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --cri-dockerd-root-directory=/var/lib/dockershim --docker-endpoint=unix:///var/run/docker.sock --cri-dockerd-root-directory=/var/lib/docker
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TasksMax=infinity
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
定制配置
cat > /etc/systemd/system/cri-dockerd.socket <<-EOF
[Unit]
Description=CRI Docker Socket for the API
PartOf=cri-docker.service
[Socket]
ListenStream=/var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
SocketMode=0660
SocketUser=root
SocketGroup=docker
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
EOF
设置服务开机自启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable cri-dockerd.service
systemctl restart cri-dockerd.service
2.4 harbor仓库操作
准备工作
安装docker环境
参考 上一节docker环境部署
安装docker-compose
yum install -y docker-compose
获取软件
下载软件
mkdir /data/{softs,server} -p && cd /data/softs
wget https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v2.5.0/harbor-offline-installer-v2.5.0.tgz
解压软件
tar -zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v2.5.0.tgz -C /data/server/
cd /data/server/harbor/
加载镜像
docker load < harbor.v2.5.0.tar.gz
docker images
备份配置
cp harbor.yml.tmpl harbor.yml
修改配置
修改配置
[root@kubernetes-register /data/server/harbor]# vim harbor.yml.tmpl
# 修改主机名
hostname: kubernetes-register.sswang.com
http:
port: 80
#https: 注释ssl相关的部分
# port: 443
# certificate: /your/certificate/path
# private_key: /your/private/key/path
# 修改harbor的登录密码
harbor_admin_password: 123456
# 设定harbor的数据存储目录
data_volume: /data/server/harbor/data
配置harbor
./prepare
启动harbor
./install.sh
检查效果
docker-compose ps
定制服务启动文件
定制服务启动文件 /etc/systemd/system/harbor.service
[Unit]
Description=Harbor
After=docker.service systemd-networkd.service systemd-resolved.service
Requires=docker.service
Documentation=http://github.com/vmware/harbor
[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
#需要注意harbor的安装位置
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker-compose --file /data/server/harbor/docker-compose.yml up
ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker-compose --file /data/server/harbor/docker-compose.yml down
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
加载服务配置文件
systemctl daemon-reload
启动服务
systemctl start harbor
检查状态
systemctl status harbor
设置开机自启动
systemctl enable harbor
harbor仓库定制
浏览器访问域名,用户名: admin, 密码:123456
创建sswang用户专用的项目仓库,名称为 sswang,权限为公开的
harbor仓库测试
登录仓库
# docker login kubernetes-register.sswang.com -u sswang
Password: # 输入登录密码 A12345678a
下载镜像
docker pull busybox
定制镜像标签
docker tag busybox kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/busybox:v0.1
推送镜像
docker push kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/busybox:v0.1
2.5 k8s集群初始化
软件部署
定制阿里云的关于kubernetes的软件源
]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
更新软件源
yum makecache fast
master环境软件部署
yum install kubeadm kubectl kubelet -y
node环境软件部署
yum install kubeadm kubectl kubelet -y
确认基本配置
检查镜像文件列表
kubeadm config images list
获取镜像文件
images=$(kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=1.27.3 | awk -F "/" '{print $NF}')
for i in ${images}
do
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$i
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$i kubernetes-register.sswang.com/google_containers/$i
docker push kubernetes-register.sswang.com/google_containers/$i
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$i
done
master节点初始化
环境初始化命令
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.27.3 \
--apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.0.12 \
--image-repository kubernetes-register.superopsmsb.com/google_containers \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--ignore-preflight-errors=Swap \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
node节点加入集群
复制join命令,加入到master集群
kubeadm join 10.0.0.12:6443 --token vudfvt.fwpohpbb7yw2qy49 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1... ...48545 --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
2.6 k8s环境收尾操作
权限操作
定制kubernetes的登录权限
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
命令补全
放到master主机的环境文件中
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "source <(kubeadm completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
网络环境
网络定制
mkdir /data/kubernetes/flannel -p
cd /data/kubernetes/flannel
获取配置文件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
定制镜像标签
for i in $(grep image kube-flannel.yml | grep -v '#' | awk -F '/' '{print $NF}')
do
docker pull flannel/$i
docker tag flannel/$i kubernetes-register.superopsmsb.com/google_containers/$i
docker push kubernetes-register.superopsmsb.com/google_containers/$i
docker rmi flannel/$i
done
备份配置文件
cp kube-flannel.yml{,.bak}
修改配置文件
sed -i '/ image:/s/docker.io\/flannel/kubernetes-register.sswang.com\/google_containers/' kube-flannel.yml
应用配置文件
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
检查效果
kubectl get node
3 应用部署
3.1 应用管理解读
3.2 应用部署实践
资源对象管理关系
资源对象管理实践
手工方式:
kubectl run pod名称 --image=image地址
资源清单方式:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
run: my-pod
name: my-pod
spec:
containers:
- image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/nginx
name: my-pod
deployment资源实践
nginx-proxy应用的配置清单文件
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: sswang-nginx-proxy
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
nginx-web 的资源清单文件
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: sswang-nginx-web
labels:
app: nginx-web
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-web
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-web
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/nginx_web:v0.1
ports:
- containerPort: 80
tomcat-web 的资源清单文件
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: sswang-tomcat-web
labels:
app: tomcat-web
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: tomcat-web
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: tomcat-web
spec:
containers:
- name: tomcat
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/tomcat_web:v0.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
3.3 应用管理实践
资源对象隔离
namespace资源对象实践
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: my-ns
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: sswang-tomcat-web
namespace: my-ns
labels:
app: tomcat-web
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: tomcat-web
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: tomcat-web
spec:
containers:
- name: tomcat
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/tomcat_web:v0.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
资源对象的扩缩容
资源对象扩缩容
kubectl scale deployment 资源对象名称 --replicas=目标数量 deployment/mysql
修改应用镜像版本
kubectl set image deployment 资源对象名称 容器名称=镜像名称
4 应用访问
4.1 service对象定位
4.2 Service 实践
手工创建Service
根据应用部署资源对象,创建SVC对象
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
yaml方式创建Service
nginx-web的service资源清单文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: sswang-nginx-web
labels:
app: nginx-web
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: nginx-web
ports:
- protocol: TCP
name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
nodePort: 31080
tomcat-web的service资源清单文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: sswang-tomcat-web
labels:
app: tomcat-web
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: tomcat
ports:
- protocol: TCP
name: http
port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
nodePort: 31880
4.3 外部Service
部署外部mysql环境
准备软件源
]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3/centos7-amd64
gpgcheck=0
更新系统软件包:
yum makecache fast
安装 MySQL 服务器
yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y
设置 MySQL 服务在启动时自动启动
systemctl start mariadb.service
systemctl enable mariadb.service
开启 MySQL 服务器远程访问能力
]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
重启 MySQL 服务使配置生效
systemctl restart mariadb.service
配置远程主机登录权限
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;"
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
主库上创建数据库
]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "
CREATE DATABASE bookinfo default charset utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
USE bookinfo;
CREATE TABLE book_info (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
book_name VARCHAR(100),
author VARCHAR(100),
date_of_issue DATE,
isDelete BOOLEAN
);
INSERT INTO book_info (book_name, author, date_of_issue, isDelete) VALUES
('Book 1', 'Author 1', '2022-01-01', FALSE),
('Book 2', 'Author 2', '2022-02-01', FALSE),
('Book 3', 'Author 3', '2022-03-01', TRUE);
"
定制资源清单文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: external-ns
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
name: ex-mysql
namespace: external-ns
subsets:
- addresses:
- ip: 10.0.0.18
ports:
- port: 3306
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ex-mysql
namespace: external-ns
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 3306
targetPort: 3306
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: bookinfo
namespace: external-ns
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flask-bookinfo
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: flask-bookinfo
spec:
containers:
- name: flask-bookinfo
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/flask_bookinfo:2.3.2
imagePullPolicy: Always
ports:
- containerPort: 5000
env:
- name: DB_HOST
value: "ex-mysql"
- name: DB_USER
value: "root"
- name: DB_PASSWORD
value: "123456"
- name: DB_DATABASE
value: "bookinfo"
5 应用数据
5.1 应用数据解析
k8s应用数据类型和步骤解析
k8s如何使用数据功能
k8s使用各种数据类型的配置
5.2 应用数据实践
emptyDir实践
资源对象文件内容
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: sswang-emptydir
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-web
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/nginx_web:v0.1
volumeMounts:
- name: nginx-index
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
- name: change-index
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/busybox:1.28
# 每过2秒更改一下文件内容
command: ['sh', '-c', 'for i in $(seq 100); do echo index-$i > /testdir/index.html;sleep 2;done']
volumeMounts:
- name: nginx-index
mountPath: /testdir
volumes:
- name: nginx-index
emptyDir: {}
hostPath实践
资源对象文件内容
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: sswang-hostpath
spec:
volumes:
- name: redis-backup
hostPath:
path: /data/backup/redis
containers:
- name: hostpath-redis
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/redis:7.0.4
volumeMounts:
- name: redis-backup
mountPath: /data
6 应用配置
6.1 应用配置解析
k8s如何使用配置数据功能
6.2 配置文件实践
定制配置文件实践
定制资源清单文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: sswang-nginxconf
data:
default.conf: |
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.sswang.com;
location /nginx {
proxy_pass http://sswang-nginx-web/;
}
location /tomcat {
proxy_pass http://sswang-tomcat-web:8080/;
}
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: sswang-nginx-index
data:
index.html: "Hello Nginx, This is Nginx Web Page by sswang!!!\n"
定制nginx-proxy代理
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: sswang-nginx-proxy
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/nginx_proxy:v0.1
volumeMounts:
- name: nginxconf
mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/
readOnly: true
- name: nginxindex
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/
readOnly: true
volumes:
- name: nginxconf
configMap:
name: sswang-nginxconf
- name: nginxindex
configMap:
name: sswang-nginx-index
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: superopsmsb-nginx-proxy
labels:
app: superopsmsb-nginx-proxy
spec:
selector:
app: nginx
ports:
- protocol: TCP
name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
6.3 敏感文件实践
定制配置文件
准备nginx容器的配置目录
mkdir tls-key
做证书
openssl genrsa -out tls-key/tls.key 2048
做成自签证书
openssl req -new -x509 -key tls-key/tls.key -out tls-key/tls.crt -subj "/CN=www.sswang.com"
定制专属nginx配置文件 nginx-conf-tls/default.conf
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.sswang.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/certs/tls.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certs/tls.key;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.sswang.com;
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
手工创建资源对象文件
创建cm资源对象
kubectl create configmap nginx-ssl-conf --from-file=nginx-conf-tls/
创建secret资源对象
kubectl create secret tls nginx-ssl-secret --cert=tls-key/tls.crt --key=tls-key/tls.key
定制资源清单文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: sswang-nginx-ssl
spec:
containers:
- image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/sswang/nginx_web:v0.1
name: nginx-web
volumeMounts:
- name: nginxcerts
mountPath: /etc/nginx/certs/
readOnly: true
- name: nginxconfs
mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/
readOnly: true
volumes:
- name: nginxcerts
secret:
secretName: nginx-ssl-secret
- name: nginxconfs
configMap:
name: nginx-ssl-conf
7 服务访问
7.1 Ingress简介
原理解析
Ingress是授权入站连接到达集群服务的规则集合。
从外部流量调度到nodeport上的service
从service调度到ingress-controller
ingress-controller根据ingress[Pod]中的定义(虚拟主机或者后端的url)
根据虚拟主机名直接调度到后端的一组应用pod中
7.2 Ingress部署
环境部署
获取配置文件
cd /data/kubernetes/app_secure
mkdir ingress ; cd ingress
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v1.3.1/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/deploy.yaml
mv deploy.yaml ingress-deploy.yaml
cp ingress-deploy.yaml{,.bak}
默认镜像
]# grep image: ingress-deploy.yaml | awk -F '/|@' '{print $(NF-1)}' | uniq
controller:v1.3.1
kube-webhook-certgen:v1.3.0
获取镜像
for i in nginx-ingress-controller:v1.3.1 kube-webhook-certgen:v1.3.0
do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$i
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$i kubernetes-register.sswang.com/google_containers/$i
docker push kubernetes-register.sswang.com/google_containers/$i
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$i
done
注意:
controller的名称是需要更改一下,阿里云的镜像名称多了一个标识
修改基础镜像
]# grep image: ingress-deploy.yaml
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:v1.3.1
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/google_containers/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.3.0
image: kubernetes-register.sswang.com/google_containers/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.3.0
开放访问入口地址
]# vim ingress-deploy.yaml
...
334 apiVersion: v1
335 kind: Service
...
344 namespace: ingress-nginx
345 spec:
...
348 ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
349 externalIPs: ['10.0.0.12'] # 限制集群外部访问的入口ip
350 ports:
351 - appProtocol: http
352 name: http
353 port: 80
...
628 failurePolicy: Ignore # 为了避免默认的准入控制限制,改为Ignore
...
应用资源配置文件
]# kubectl apply -f ingress-deploy.yaml
确认效果
]# kubectl get all -n ingress-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/ingress-nginx-admission-create-s5p7h 0/1 Completed 0 105s
pod/ingress-nginx-admission-patch-qnjmv 0/1 Completed 0 105s
pod/ingress-nginx-controller-6cc467dfd9-c2dfg 1/1 Running 0 105s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/ingress-nginx-controller NodePort 10.109.163.145 10.0.0.12 80:30439/TCP,443:31912/TCP 105s
service/ingress-nginx-controller-admission ClusterIP 10.96.223.121 <none> 443/TCP 105s
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/ingress-nginx-controller 1/1 1 1 105s
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/ingress-nginx-controller-6cc467dfd9 1 1 1 105s
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
job.batch/ingress-nginx-admission-create 1/1 8s 105s
job.batch/ingress-nginx-admission-patch 1/1 7s 105s
测试访问页面
]# curl 10.0.0.12:30439
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx</center>
</body>
</html>
7.3 Ingress实践
定制资源清单文件
定制资源清单文件
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: superopsmsb-ingress-mulhost
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
rules:
- host: nginx.sswang.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
service:
name: sswang-nginx-web
port:
number: 80
- host: tomcat.sswang.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
service:
name: sswang-tomcat-web
port:
number: 8080
8 helm管理
8.1 helm简介
需求
在kubernetes平台上,我们在部署各种各样的应用服务的时候,可以基于手工或者自动的方式对各种资源对象实现伸缩操作,尤其是对于有状态的应用,我们可以结合持久性存储机制实现更大场景的伸缩动作。但是,无论我们怎么操作各种资源对象,问题最多的就是各种基础配置、镜像等之类的依赖管理操作。在linux平台下,常见的包依赖的就是yum、apt等工具,在kubernetes平台下,同样有类似的解决依赖关系的工具 -- helm。
官方网址:https://v3.helm.sh/
官方地址:https://github.com/helm/helm
简介
helm的功能类似于yum 或 apt,提供应用部署时候所需要的各种配置、资源清单文件,他与yum之类工具不同的是,在k8s中helm是不提供镜像的,这些镜像文件需要由专门的镜像仓库来提供。
例如:k8s平台上的nginx应用部署,对于该应用部署来说,主要需要三类内容:
镜像:nginx镜像
资源定义文件:Deployment、service、hpa等
专用文件:配置文件、证书等
helm管理的主要是:资源定义文件和专用文件。
基于helm来成功的部署一个应用服务,完整的工作流程如下:
1 部署一个稳定运行的k8s集群,在能管理k8s的主机上部署helm。
2 用户在客户端主机上,定制各种Chart资源和config资源,上传到专用的仓库(本地或者远程)
3 helm客户端向Tiller发出部署请求,如果本地有chart用本地的,否则从仓库获取
4 Tiller与k8s集群的api-server发送请求
5 api-server通过集群内部机制部署应用,需要依赖镜像的时候,从专门的镜像仓库获取。
6 基于helm部署好的应用实例,在k8s集群中,我们称之为release。
v3介绍
根据我们对 helm v2 版本的流程解析,我们发现,在客户端上部署tiller来维护 release相关的信息,有些太重量级了,所以在 helm v3 版本的时候,就剔除了专门的Tiller。在 Helm v3 中移除了 Tiller, 版本相关的数据直接存储在了 Kubernetes 中.
8.2 helm部署
软件部署
下载软件
cd /data/softs
wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.13.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
配置环境
mkdir /data/server/helm/bin -p
tar xf helm-v3.13.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv linux-amd64/helm /data/server/helm/bin/
环境变量
# cat /etc/profile.d/helm.sh
#!/bin/bash
# set helm env
export PATH=$PATH:/data/server/helm/bin
chmod +x /etc/profile.d/helm.sh
source /etc/profile.d/helm.sh
确认效果
# helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.13.0", GitCommit:"1d11fcb5d3f3bf00dbe6fe31b8412839a96b3dc4", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.16.9"}
命令帮助
# helm --help
The Kubernetes package manager
Common actions for Helm:
- helm search: search for charts
- helm pull: download a chart to your local directory to view
- helm install: upload the chart to Kubernetes
- helm list: list releases of charts
8.3 helm实践
仓库管理
添加仓库
helm repo add az-stable http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/
helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
查看仓库
# helm repo list
NAME URL
az-stable http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/
bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
更新仓库属性信息
helm repo update
搜索chart信息
# helm search --help
...
Available Commands:
hub search for charts in the Artifact Hub or your own hub instance
repo search repositories for a keyword in charts
结果显示:
helm 有两种搜索的源地址,官方的在 Artifact,幸运的是,无法访问。
从自定义仓库中获取源信息
helm search repo redis
查看chart的所有信息
helm show all bitnami/redis
redis实践
安装chart
helm install my_helm bitnami/redis
删除应用
helm uninstall my-helm
更新应用
helm install my-helm bitnami/redis --set master.persistence.enabled=false --set replica.persistence.enabled=false
查看效果
helm list
kubectl get pod
简单实践
查看基本操作的信息
helm status my-helm
获取具备读写权限的主机域名
redis主角色主机: my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local
redis从角色主机: my-helm-redis-replicas.default.svc.cluster.local
获取连接密码
# export REDIS_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace default my-helm-redis -o jsonpath="{.data.redis-password}" | base64 --decode)
# echo $REDIS_PASSWORD
ID6KzPAZc1
创建客户端
# kubectl run --namespace default redis-client --restart='Never' --env REDIS_PASSWORD=$REDIS_PASSWORD --image docker.io/bitnami/redis:6.2.6-debian-10-r0 --command -- sleep infinity
连接redis主角色
$ redis-cli -h my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local -a ID6KzPAZc1
redis操作
my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local:6379> set a 1
OK
my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local:6379> set b 2
OK
my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local:6379> keys *
1) "a"
2) "b"
my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local:6379> get a
"1"
有两种搜索的源地址,官方的在 Artifact,幸运的是,无法访问。
从自定义仓库中获取源信息
helm search repo redis
查看chart的所有信息
helm show all bitnami/redis
redis实践
安装chart
helm install my_helm bitnami/redis
删除应用
helm uninstall my-helm
更新应用
helm install my-helm bitnami/redis --set master.persistence.enabled=false --set replica.persistence.enabled=false
查看效果
helm list
kubectl get pod
简单实践
查看基本操作的信息
helm status my-helm
获取具备读写权限的主机域名
redis主角色主机: my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local
redis从角色主机: my-helm-redis-replicas.default.svc.cluster.local
获取连接密码
# export REDIS_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace default my-helm-redis -o jsonpath="{.data.redis-password}" | base64 --decode)
# echo $REDIS_PASSWORD
ID6KzPAZc1
创建客户端
# kubectl run --namespace default redis-client --restart='Never' --env REDIS_PASSWORD=$REDIS_PASSWORD --image docker.io/bitnami/redis:6.2.6-debian-10-r0 --command -- sleep infinity
连接redis主角色
$ redis-cli -h my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local -a ID6KzPAZc1
redis操作
my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local:6379> set a 1
OK
my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local:6379> set b 2
OK
my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local:6379> keys *
1) "a"
2) "b"
my-helm-redis-master.default.svc.cluster.local:6379> get a
"1"