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windows对话框

article 2024/12/24 2:13:13

windows对话框有以下几种：

HWND CreateDialogParamA(
  [in, optional] HINSTANCE hInstance,
  [in]           LPCSTR    lpTemplateName,
  [in, optional] HWND      hWndParent,
  [in, optional] DLGPROC   lpDialogFunc,
  [in]           LPARAM    dwInitParam
);

HWND CreateDialogIndirectParamA(
  [in, optional] HINSTANCE       hInstance,
  [in]           LPCDLGTEMPLATEA lpTemplate,
  [in, optional] HWND            hWndParent,
  [in, optional] DLGPROC         lpDialogFunc,
  [in]           LPARAM          dwInitParam
);

void CreateDialogIndirectA(
  [in, optional]  hInstance,
  [in]            lpTemplate,
  [in, optional]  hWndParent,
  [in, optional]  lpDialogFunc
);

void CreateDialogA(
  [in, optional]  hInstance,
  [in]            lpName,
  [in, optional]  hWndParent,
  [in, optional]  lpDialogFunc
);

INT_PTR DialogBoxParamA(
  [in, optional] HINSTANCE hInstance,
  [in]           LPCSTR    lpTemplateName,
  [in, optional] HWND      hWndParent,
  [in, optional] DLGPROC   lpDialogFunc,
  [in]           LPARAM    dwInitParam
);

从winuser.h中可得，CreateDialogA是一个宏，调用了CreateDialogParamA。

#define CreateDialogA(hInstance, lpName, hWndParent, lpDialogFunc) \
CreateDialogParamA(hInstance, lpName, hWndParent, lpDialogFunc, 0L)
#define CreateDialogW(hInstance, lpName, hWndParent, lpDialogFunc) \
CreateDialogParamW(hInstance, lpName, hWndParent, lpDialogFunc, 0L)
#ifdef UNICODE
#define CreateDialog  CreateDialogW
#else
#define CreateDialog  CreateDialogA
#endif // !UNICODE

#define CreateDialogIndirectA(hInstance, lpTemplate, hWndParent, lpDialogFunc) \
CreateDialogIndirectParamA(hInstance, lpTemplate, hWndParent, lpDialogFunc, 0L)
#define CreateDialogIndirectW(hInstance, lpTemplate, hWndParent, lpDialogFunc) \
CreateDialogIndirectParamW(hInstance, lpTemplate, hWndParent, lpDialogFunc, 0L)
#ifdef UNICODE
#define CreateDialogIndirect  CreateDialogIndirectW
#else
#define CreateDialogIndirect  CreateDialogIndirectA
#endif // !UNICODE

因此，主要有三个函数：

CreateDialogParamA

CreateDialogIndirectParamA

DialogBoxParamA

其中，DialogBoxParamA是模态对话框，另外两种是非模态对话框。

模态对话框的意思就是，调用者直接调用就可以创建对话框，不需要像窗口那样分发消息。而非模态对话框需要手动实现消息传递和分发消息。

模态对话框调用后，系统自动提供消息分发机制，程序会自动进入消息分发机制循环，所以程序会卡在这一行。点击关闭按钮后，对话框被销毁，程序从下一行继续运行。我的建议是使用DialogBoxParamA这种模态对话框，消息处理中需要注意的细节太多，可能会有各种意外的发生。

如下代码是非模态对话框的消息分发机制：

	MSG msg;
	while ((ret = GetMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0)) != 0) {

		if (ret == -1) {
			return -1;
		}

		if (ret == 0)
		{
			break;
		}

 		ret = IsDialogMessage(dialog->m_hwnd, &msg);
		if (ret)
		{
			TranslateMessage(&msg);
			DispatchMessage(&msg);
		}
	}

而模态对话框就不需要这样做。

CreateDialogIndirectParamA和CreateDialogParamA的区别在于，CreateDialogIndirectParamA函数需要调用者提供对话框的模板。对话框模板是如下数据结构：

typedef struct {
  DWORD style;
  DWORD dwExtendedStyle;
  WORD  cdit;
  short x;
  short y;
  short cx;
  short cy;
} DLGTEMPLATE;

扩展模板结构如下：

typedef struct {
  WORD      dlgVer;
  WORD      signature;
  DWORD     helpID;
  DWORD     exStyle;
  DWORD     style;
  WORD      cDlgItems;
  short     x;
  short     y;
  short     cx;
  short     cy;
  sz_Or_Ord menu;
  sz_Or_Ord windowClass;
  WCHAR     title[titleLen];
  WORD      pointsize;
  WORD      weight;
  BYTE      italic;
  BYTE      charset;
  WCHAR     typeface[stringLen];
} DLGTEMPLATEEX;