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kubeadm方式安装k8s续：

article 2024/12/25 13:42:14

错误解决方案

[root@k8s-master calico]# kubectl get po -n kube-system
等一会，如果还是没连上，查看节点错误日志vim /var/log/message，shift+g跳转到最后一行（如果都没有pending就是网络问题）

错误1：Centos 7 系列操作系统在安装k8s时可能会遇到hostPath type check failed：/sys/fs/bpf is not a direcctory错误，该问题为内核版本过低导致的。/sys/fs/bpf 在4.4版本中的内核中才有，对于版本比较高得k8s集群建议升级内核到4.4以上。这里直接更新就行，如果不能用再更新到4.4以上。

解决方法：更新内核并重启（三台主机都要）
[root@k8s-master ~]# yum -y update kernel
[root@k8s-master ~]# reboot
[root@k8s-master ~]# uname -r //查看版本
3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7.x86_64

错误2：缺少网络cni

解决方法：（三台都做）
方法1.因为重装集群的时候，将/etc/cni目录彻底删除，所以需要重装组件kubernetes-cni。但在重装组件的时候发生了新的警告，用--nogpgcheck参数即可解决，随后对所有集群的节点进行重装kubernetes-cni，实现问题修复。
yum reinstall -y kubernetes-cni
yum reinstall -y kubernetes-cni --nogpgcheck

方法2.直接把这两个文件复制进去
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# ls /etc/cni/net.d/
10-calico.conflist calico-kubeconfig
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# cat /etc/cni/net.d/10-calico.conflist
{
"name": "k8s-pod-network",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "calico",
"log_level": "info",
"log_file_path": "/var/log/calico/cni/cni.log",
"datastore_type": "kubernetes",
"nodename": "k8s-node2",
"mtu": 0,
"ipam": {
"type": "calico-ipam"
},
"policy": {
"type": "k8s"
},
"kubernetes": {
"kubeconfig": "/etc/cni/net.d/calico-kubeconfig"
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"snat": true,
"capabilities": {"portMappings": true}
},
{
"type": "bandwidth",
"capabilities": {"bandwidth": true}
}
]
}[root@k8s-node2 ~]# cat /etc/cni/net.d/calico-kubeconfig
# Kubeconfig file for Calico CNI plugin. Installed by calico/node.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Config
clusters:
- name: local
cluster:
server: https://10.96.0.1:443
certificate-authority-data: "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"
users:
- name: calico
user:
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkhDS3ZqbHIyRHRyQUdZVm05R1lTT2NRR0pRMml4ZDNucHJlU1JscHFLc0EifQ.eyJhdWQiOlsiaHR0cHM6Ly9rdWJlcm5ldGVzLmRlZmF1bHQuc3ZjLmNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwiXSwiZXhwIjoxNzI2MTkwOTczLCJpYXQiOjE3MjYxMDQ1NzMsImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8va3ViZXJuZXRlcy5kZWZhdWx0LnN2Yy5jbHVzdGVyLmxvY2FsIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pbyI6eyJuYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsInNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Ijp7Im5hbWUiOiJjYWxpY28tY25pLXBsdWdpbiIsInVpZCI6ImQ5OWRlY2YyLWY1YzktNDI2ZS05NTYxLWI5MjgzNzQ4NzRjMiJ9fSwibmJmIjoxNzI2MTA0NTczLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZS1zeXN0ZW06Y2FsaWNvLWNuaS1wbHVnaW4ifQ.bmaUCJuOtCgPrhQmt5oiPzwBlHU9dA53d5kVFL0TvmCcMcpxzAAdCYNo75g1JHWM9fwuyYmMgrfIUPLNV-xd6jbiy1Bu8qVT5XR8kZjMvlFgPDWiKxE7htUdY2jtY1jDUn0AHHQVDEPANq_2nHFA4TZC_x9j44uVYiYjw-Sp20HHcFPgQtzTqqkh4a_pRkc0Hbo1dC-vb00mXcxJ2nwKe8h3iWUzGqLH8LNzOeyts2PxPlaCGXh3gpEP2WHGzobKwzleoJE9W2JVZ_ASOh0OIr2Yw24x5vmAJxhA8DoRyZ5FU_5VGiLw_Gxnd7cTumU1yj3beGfMhsXmXVlw256SfA
contexts:
- name: calico-context
context:
cluster: local
user: calico
current-context: calico-context

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes //全部ready就成功了
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready control-plane 16h v1.28.2
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 16h v1.28.2
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 16h v1.28.2
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl run nginx0 --image=nginx:latest //添加一个新的nginxpod
pod/nginx0 created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get po -Aowide | grep nginx //挺慢的，多等会
default nginx0 1/1 Running 0 14s 172.16.169.131 k8s-node2 <none> <none>
[root@k8s-master ~]# curl 172.16.169.131 //访问一下
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete pod nginx0 //删除该pod

6.Metrics 部署

在新版的 Kubernetes 中系统资源的采集均使⽤ Metrics-server，可以通过 Metrics 采集节点和 Pod 的内存、磁盘、CPU和⽹络的使⽤率。

（1）复制证书到所有 node 节点

[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt k8s-node2:/etc/kubernetes/pki/
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt k8s-node1:/etc/kubernetes/pki/

（2）安装 metrics server

[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir pods //创建pod目录，方便管理
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd k8s-ha-install/kubeadm-metrics-server/
[root@k8s-master kubeadm-metrics-server]# ls
comp.yaml
[root@k8s-master kubeadm-metrics-server]# cp comp.yaml /root/pods/components.yaml
[root@k8s-master kubeadm-metrics-server]# cd
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd pods/
[root@k8s-master pods]# ls
components.yaml
[root@k8s-master pods]# cat components.yaml | wc -l //有202行
202
[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl create -f components.yaml //使用这个yaml文件添加metric server的pod资源
[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl get po -Aowide | grep metrics //查看
kube-system metrics-server-79776b6d54-vxjlp 1/1 Running 0 98s 172.16.169.132 k8s-node2 <none> <none>

（3）查看 metrics server 状态

[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl get po -n kube-system -l k8s-app=metrics-server //在kube-system命名空间下查看metrics server的pod运⾏状态
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
metrics-server-79776b6d54-vxjlp 1/1 Running 0 25m

[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl top nodes //查看node节点的系统资源使⽤情况
NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%
k8s-master 152m 7% 1126Mi 30%
k8s-node1 62m 3% 453Mi 56%
k8s-node2 53m 2% 447Mi 55%
[root@k8s-master pods]# kubectl top pods -A //查看各个pod的资源占用率
NAMESPACE NAME CPU(cores) MEMORY(bytes)
default nginx0 0m 2Mi
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-6d48795585-ctctq 1m 21Mi
kube-system calico-node-4pxdg 33m 91Mi
kube-system calico-node-8jdkf 22m 120Mi
kube-system calico-node-b5jjz 26m 101Mi
kube-system coredns-6554b8b87f-6q7kh 2m 14Mi
kube-system coredns-6554b8b87f-b5c6f 3m 15Mi
kube-system etcd-k8s-master 23m 76Mi
kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-master 68m 266Mi
kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s-master 20m 53Mi
kube-system kube-proxy-89nmv 1m 20Mi
kube-system kube-proxy-fb7bb 1m 30Mi
kube-system kube-proxy-mgz7v 1m 39Mi
kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s-master 3m 21Mi
kube-system metrics-server-79776b6d54-vxjlp 4m 16Mi

7. Dashboard部署

Dashboard ⽤于展示集群中的各类资源，同时也可以通过Dashboard 实时查看 Pod 的⽇志和在容器中执⾏⼀些命令等。

（1）安装组件

[root@k8s-master ~]# cd k8s-ha-install/dashboard/
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# ls
dashboard-user.yaml dashboard.yaml
[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl create -f . //建⽴dashboard的pod资源

（2）查看节点（等他全部running）

[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl get po -Aowide|grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b554c884f-xhwjc 1/1 Running 0 117s 172.16.36.68 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard-54b699784c-tcv7x 1/1 Running 0 117s 172.16.169.133 k8s-node2 <none> <none>

（3）更改 svc 模式

[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard //kubectl edit svc 服务名称 -n 命名空间

（4）查看访问端⼝号

[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl get svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard //获取kubernetes-dashboard状态信息，包含端⼝，服务IP等
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.96.55.69 <none> 443:30422/TCP 8m54s
找到端⼝号后，通过 master 的 IP+端⼝即可访问 dashboard（端⼝）为终端查询到的端⼝，要⽤ https 协议访问）

（5）浏览器登录 dashboard

（6）创建登录 token

[root@k8s-master dashboard]# kubectl create token admin-user -n kube-system
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkhDS3ZqbHIyRHRyQUdZVm05R1lTT2NRR0pRMml4ZDNucHJlU1JscHFLc0EifQ.eyJhdWQiOlsiaHR0cHM6Ly9rdWJlcm5ldGVzLmRlZmF1bHQuc3ZjLmNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwiXSwiZXhwIjoxNzI2MTE1NDQzLCJpYXQiOjE3MjYxMTE4NDMsImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8va3ViZXJuZXRlcy5kZWZhdWx0LnN2Yy5jbHVzdGVyLmxvY2FsIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pbyI6eyJuYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsInNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Ijp7Im5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyIiwidWlkIjoiMDQ2ZjgxMTctNDZjMy00OWNmLTkwNWMtMTQ2MTZiNGE1YzFiIn19LCJuYmYiOjE3MjYxMTE4NDMsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDprdWJlLXN5c3RlbTphZG1pbi11c2VyIn0.2CznRFPgfiHsQd6CgfqR3qJcsE_3lgeZ1HvNC64JcEw5WMoRwTjO3OlF4an8__dE9kGbtq8bUxUuvvVV9mw0VQz2PTXw3shdjByRo-q2g00_9Qk_tZiRuMQJ_xSujICbHpLKK6ODxmis7PByvNRLtgFm1uqIY6WIhxBOkK5kzBezDRSDeOGYEU2bpoGJfk4nLHvlbYjqmoCi27_jcBLT3PQiLjLaThkvfxvxiT32jb7kWmx4FdWG_V3k28iKxgLwqBu2ZMZW6qRN-KaY2_u91guJY3YvsYNLr_Mp-rOnoS3_26eQJyJkwRcWCmBiMFuQeCDIUWqCVsQCzGEcIc2L2Q

在“输⼊ token *”内输⼊终端⽣成的 token

8. Kube-proxy

（1）改为 ipvs模式

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n kube-system

（2）更新 Kube-Proxy 的 Pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl patch daemonset kube-proxy -p "{\"spec\":{\"template\":{\"metadata\": {\"annotations\":{\"date\":\"`date +'%s'`\"}}}}}" -n kube-system
daemonset.apps/kube-proxy patched

（3）访问测试：

[root@master ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:10249/proxyMode
ipvs

五、集群可⽤性验证

1. 验证节点

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get node //全部ready表示正常

2. 验证 Pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get po -A //全部running表示正常

3. 验证集群⽹段是否冲突

三⽅⽹段均不冲突（service、Pod、宿主机）

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc //查看服务的⽹段
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get po -A -owide //查看所有命名空间下的所有⽹段，再与服务的⽹段进⾏⽐较

4. 验证是否可正常创建参数

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create deploy cluster-test --image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/debug-tools -- sleep 3600 //这个pod可以用来测试，里面装了许多工具
deployment.apps/cluster-test created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get po -A|grep cluster-test
default cluster-test-66bb44bd88-khb8j 1/1 Running 0 2m51s

5. Pod 必须能够解析 Service

（1）nslookup kubernetes

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it cluster-test-66bb44bd88-khb8j -- bash //进⼊pod下的这个容器
(06:54 cluster-test-66bb44bd88-khb8j:/) nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.96.0.10
Address: 10.96.0.10#53

Name: kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.96.0.1

（2）nslookup kube-dns.kube-system

(06:55 cluster-test-66bb44bd88-khb8j:/) nslookup kube-dns.kube-system
Server: 10.96.0.10
Address: 10.96.0.10#53

Name: kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.96.0.10

(06:58 cluster-test-66bb44bd88-khb8j:/) exit
exit

6. 确认是否可访问 Kubernetes 的 443端口和 kube-dns 的53端口

每个节点都必须能访问 Kubernetes 的 kubernetes svc 443 和kube-dns 的 service 53

[root@k8s-master ~]# curl -k https://10.96.0.1:443
{
"kind": "Status",
"apiVersion": "v1",
"metadata": {},
"status": "Failure",
"message": "forbidden: User \"system:anonymous\" cannot get path \"/\"",
"reason": "Forbidden",
"details": {},
"code": 403
}[root@k8s-master ~]# curl 10.96.0.10:53
curl: (52) Empty reply from server