如何在Debian操作系统上安装Docker
本章教程，主要介绍如何在Debian 11 系统上安装Docker。主要使用一键安装Docker脚本和一键卸载脚本来完成。
一、安装Docker
#!/bin/bash
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[0;33m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
NC='\033[0m'
CURRENT_DIR=$(
cd "$(dirname "$0")" || exit
pwd
)
function log() {
message="[1Panel Log]: $1 "
case "$1" in
*"失败"*|*"错误"*|*"请使用 root 或 sudo 权限运行此脚本"*)
echo -e "${RED}${message}${NC}" 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
;;
*"成功"*)
echo -e "${GREEN}${message}${NC}" 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
;;
*"忽略"*|*"跳过"*)
echo -e "${YELLOW}${message}${NC}" 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
;;
*)
echo -e "${BLUE}${message}${NC}" 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
;;
esac
}
log "======================= 开始安装Docker ======================="
function Check_Root() {
if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
log "请使用 root 或 sudo 权限运行此脚本"
exit 1
fi
}
ACCELERATOR_URL="https://docker.1panelproxy.com"
DAEMON_JSON="/etc/docker/daemon.json"
BACKUP_FILE="/etc/docker/daemon.json.1panel_bak"
function create_daemon_json() {
log "创建新的配置文件 ${DAEMON_JSON}..."
mkdir -p /etc/docker
echo '{
"registry-mirrors": ["'"$ACCELERATOR_URL"'"]
}' | tee "$DAEMON_JSON" > /dev/null
log "镜像加速配置已添加。"
}
function configure_accelerator() {
read -p "是否配置镜像加速？(y/n): " configure_accelerator
if [[ "$configure_accelerator" == "y" ]]; then
if [ -f "$DAEMON_JSON" ]; then
log "配置文件已存在，我们将备份现有配置文件为 ${BACKUP_FILE} 并创建新的配置文件。"
cp "$DAEMON_JSON" "$BACKUP_FILE"
create_daemon_json
else
create_daemon_json
fi
log "正在重启 Docker 服务..."
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
log "Docker 服务已成功重启。"
else
log "未配置镜像加速。"
fi
}
function Install_Docker(){
if which docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
log "检测到 Docker 已安装，跳过安装步骤"
configure_accelerator
else
log "... 在线安装 docker"
if [[ $(curl -s ipinfo.io/country) == "CN" ]]; then
sources=(
"https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce"
"https://mirrors.tencent.com/docker-ce"
"https://mirrors.163.com/docker-ce"
"https://mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/docker-ce"
)
docker_install_scripts=(
"https://get.docker.com"
"https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/docker/docker-install@master/install.sh"
"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/docker/docker-install@master/install.sh"
"https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/docker/docker-install@master/install.sh"
"https://gcore.jsdelivr.net/gh/docker/docker-install@master/install.sh"
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/docker-install/master/install.sh"
)
get_average_delay() {
local source=$1
local total_delay=0
local iterations=2
local timeout=2
for ((i = 0; i < iterations; i++)); do
delay=$(curl -o /dev/null -s -m $timeout -w "%{time_total}\n" "$source")
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
delay=$timeout
fi
total_delay=$(awk "BEGIN {print $total_delay + $delay}")
done
average_delay=$(awk "BEGIN {print $total_delay / $iterations}")
echo "$average_delay"
}
min_delay=99999999
selected_source=""
for source in "${sources[@]}"; do
average_delay=$(get_average_delay "$source" &)
if (( $(awk 'BEGIN { print '"$average_delay"' < '"$min_delay"' }') )); then
min_delay=$average_delay
selected_source=$source
fi
done
wait
if [ -n "$selected_source" ]; then
log "选择延迟最低的源 $selected_source，延迟为 $min_delay 秒"
export DOWNLOAD_URL="$selected_source"
for alt_source in "${docker_install_scripts[@]}"; do
log "尝试从备选链接 $alt_source 下载 Docker 安装脚本..."
if curl -fsSL --retry 2 --retry-delay 3 --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 10 "$alt_source" -o get-docker.sh; then
log "成功从 $alt_source 下载安装脚本"
break
else
log "从 $alt_source 下载安装脚本失败，尝试下一个备选链接"
fi
done
if [ ! -f "get-docker.sh" ]; then
log "所有下载尝试都失败了。您可以尝试手动安装 Docker，运行以下命令："
log "bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/docker.sh)"
exit 1
fi
sh get-docker.sh 2>&1 | tee -a ${CURRENT_DIR}/install.log
docker_config_folder="/etc/docker"
if [[ ! -d "$docker_config_folder" ]];then
mkdir -p "$docker_config_folder"
fi
docker version >/dev/null 2>&1
if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
log "docker 安装失败\n您可以尝试使用离线包进行安装，具体安装步骤请参考以下链接：https://1panel.cn/docs/installation/package_installation/"
exit 1
else
log "docker 安装成功"
systemctl enable docker 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
configure_accelerator
fi
else
log "无法选择源进行安装"
exit 1
fi
else
log "非中国大陆地区，无需更改源"
export DOWNLOAD_URL="https://download.docker.com"
curl -fsSL "https://get.docker.com" -o get-docker.sh
sh get-docker.sh 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
log "... 启动 docker"
systemctl enable docker; systemctl daemon-reload; systemctl start docker 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
docker_config_folder="/etc/docker"
if [[ ! -d "$docker_config_folder" ]];then
mkdir -p "$docker_config_folder"
fi
docker version >/dev/null 2>&1
if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
log "docker 安装失败\n您可以尝试使用安装包进行安装，具体安装步骤请参考以下链接：https://1panel.cn/docs/installation/package_installation/"
exit 1
else
log "docker 安装成功"
fi
fi
fi
}
function Install_Compose(){
docker-compose version >/dev/null 2>&1
if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
log "... 在线安装 docker-compose"
arch=$(uname -m)
if [ "$arch" == 'armv7l' ]; then
arch='armv7'
fi
curl -L https://resource.fit2cloud.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.26.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s | tr A-Z a-z)-"$arch" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 2>&1 | tee -a "${CURRENT_DIR}"/install.log
if [[ ! -f /usr/local/bin/docker-compose ]];then
log "docker-compose 下载失败，请稍候重试"
exit 1
fi
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
docker-compose version >/dev/null 2>&1
if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
log "docker-compose 安装失败"
exit 1
else
log "docker-compose 安装成功"
fi
else
compose_v=$(docker-compose -v)
if [[ $compose_v =~ 'docker-compose' ]];then
read -p "检测到已安装 Docker Compose 版本较低（需大于等于 v2.0.0 版本），是否升级 [y/n] : " UPGRADE_DOCKER_COMPOSE
if [[ "$UPGRADE_DOCKER_COMPOSE" == "Y" ]] || [[ "$UPGRADE_DOCKER_COMPOSE" == "y" ]]; then
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
Install_Compose
else
log "Docker Compose 版本为 $compose_v，可能会影响应用商店的正常使用"
fi
else
log "检测到 Docker Compose 已安装，跳过安装步骤"
fi
fi
}
function Get_Ip(){
active_interface=$(ip route get 8.8.8.8 | awk 'NR==1 {print $5}')
if [[ -z $active_interface ]]; then
LOCAL_IP="127.0.0.1"
else
LOCAL_IP=$(ip -4 addr show dev "$active_interface" | grep -oP '(?<=inet\s)\d+(\.\d+){3}')
fi
PUBLIC_IP=$(curl -s https://api64.ipify.org)
if [[ -z "$PUBLIC_IP" ]]; then
PUBLIC_IP="N/A"
fi
if echo "$PUBLIC_IP" | grep -q ":"; then
PUBLIC_IP=[${PUBLIC_IP}]
1pctl listen-ip ipv6
fi
}
function main(){
Check_Root
Install_Docker
Install_Compose
}
main
当然，你也可以用下面这个在线脚本进行安装。
curl -sSL https://file.ewbang.com/docker/debian/install_docker.sh -o install_docker.sh && bash install_docker.sh
二、卸载Docker
#!/bin/bash
# 停止 Docker 服务
echo "Stopping Docker service..."
sudo systemctl stop docker
# 卸载 Docker 相关软件包
echo "Removing Docker packages..."
sudo apt-get purge -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
# 删除 Docker 数据
echo "Deleting Docker data..."
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd
# 删除 Docker 配置文件
echo "Deleting Docker configuration..."
sudo rm -rf /etc/docker
# 自动清理不需要的软件包
echo "Cleaning up..."
sudo apt-get autoremove -y
sudo apt-get update
echo "Docker uninstalled successfully."
同样，下面也提供在线脚本。
curl -sSL https://file.ewbang.com/docker/debian/uninstall_docker.sh -o uninstall_docker.sh && bash uninstall_docker.sh