VMware虚拟机Debian扩展磁盘

一、 版本

• VMware：Workstation 17 Pro
• 虚拟机：Debian11

二、 VMware虚拟机扩展

• 虚拟机关机状态
• 快照或者备份：以免扩容失败导致文件丢失
• 虚拟机——设置——硬盘——磁盘使用工具——扩展——扩展磁盘容量——设置为想要的大小
  

三、 虚拟机Debian系统扩展

1. 开机进入虚拟机系统：删除分区、设置分区（重新创建主分区和swap分区，swap分区给4G，主分区96G。以下大小都是扇区单元表示，每个单元512个字节）、设置启动信息

   hslong@debian:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda   #输入执行重新分区
   
   Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
   Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
   Be careful before using the write command.
   
   
   Command (m for help): p  #输入查看信息
   Disk /dev/sda: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
   Disk model: VMware Virtual S
   Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disklabel type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0xcdff7fa8
   
   Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
   /dev/sda1  *         2048 123828223 123826176   59G 83 Linux
   /dev/sda2       123830270 125827071   1996802  975M  5 Extended
   /dev/sda5       123830272 125827071   1996800  975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
   
   Command (m for help): d  #输入删除分区
   Partition number (1,2,5, default 5): 2  #删除分区2
   
   Partition 2 has been deleted.
   
   Command (m for help): d #输入显示操作信息
   Selected partition 1
   Partition 1 has been deleted.
   
   Command (m for help): n  #输入查看分区类型
   Partition type
      p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
      e   extended (container for logical partitions)
   Select (default p): p  #输入选择分区类型
   Partition number (1-4, default 1):   #回车默认1进行分区
   First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):  #回车默认
   Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): 201326592  #设置96G(96*1024*1024*1024/512)
   
   Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 96 GiB.
   Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature.
   
   Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: y  #输入确认
   
   The signature will be removed by a write command.
   
   Command (m for help): n #输入查看分区类型
   Partition type
      p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
      e   extended (container for logical partitions)
   Select (default p): p #输入选择分区类型
   Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 #输入进行2分区
   First sector (201326593-209715199, default 201328640):   #回车默认
   Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (201328640-209715199, default 209715199):  #回车默认
   
   Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 4 GiB.  #剩余4G
   
   Command (m for help): t  #输入
   Partition number (1,2, default 2):  #回车默认
   Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 82  #输入
   
   Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'.
   
   Command (m for help): a  #输入设置启用分区
   Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1  #输入启用分区1
   
   The bootable flag on partition 1 is enabled now.
   
   Command (m for help): p #查看分区信息
   Disk /dev/sda: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
   Disk model: VMware Virtual S
   Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disklabel type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0xcdff7fa8
   
   Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type
   /dev/sda1  *         2048 201326592 201324545  96G 83 Linux
   /dev/sda2       201328640 209715199   8386560   4G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
   
   Filesystem/RAID signature on partition 1 will be wiped.
   
   Command (m for help): w  #保存分区设置，以下提示后，重启系统
   The partition table has been altered.
   Failed to remove partition 5 from system: 设备或资源忙
   Failed to update system information about partition 1: 设备或资源忙
   
   The kernel still uses the old partitions. The new table will be used at the next reboot. 
   Syncing disks.
   
   

2. 重启虚拟机系统

3. resize2fs 命令扩大分区

   hslong@debian:~$ sudo resize2fs /dev/sda1 #输入执行扩大分区
   [sudo] hslong 的密码：
   resize2fs 1.46.2 (28-Feb-2021)
   Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
   old_desc_blocks = 8, new_desc_blocks = 12
   The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 25165568 (4k) blocks long.
   
   hslong@debian:~$ df -h  #输入查看已经完成
   文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
   udev            4.9G     0  4.9G    0% /dev
   tmpfs           992M  2.9M  989M    1% /run
   /dev/sda1        95G   43G   48G   48% /
   tmpfs           4.9G     0  4.9G    0% /dev/shm
   tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock
   tmpfs           992M   96K  992M    1% /run/user/116
   tmpfs           992M   68K  992M    1% /run/user/1000
   

四、 重建swap分区信息

• 新建交互分区

  hslong@debian:~$ sudo blkid  #输入查看交互分区，没有UUID
  /dev/sr0: BLOCK_SIZE="2048" UUID="2022-12-17-12-02-38-00" LABEL="Debian 11.6.0 amd64 1" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="5880e2de" PTTYPE="dos"
  /dev/sda1: UUID="f83080bb-7084-4727-a2dc-557ae5e5fe9e" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="cdff7fa8-01"
  /dev/sda2: PARTUUID="cdff7fa8-02"
  hslong@debian:~$ sudo mkswap /dev/sda2 #重新创建swap信息，会产生UUID
  Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4 GiB (4293914624 bytes)
  no label, UUID=53d8ea82-bbef-4ad1-867e-70c5963bcfca
  

• 修改 /etc/fstab 文件，将里面的 swap 分区信息的 uuid 换成新生成的uuid

  • sudo vi /etc/fstab

• 运行 sudo swapon /dev/sda2 启用 swap

  • sudo swapon /dev/sda2

• 查看新交互分区信息

  	hslong@debian:~$ sudo swapon -s 
  	Filename				Type		Size	Used	Priority
  	/dev/sda2                              	partition	4193276	0	-2
  	hslong@debian:~$ free -m
  	               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
  	内存：       9913         748        8524           9         640        8914
  	交换：       4094           0        4094
  	hslong@debian:~$ 
  	```